{"id":8088,"date":"2014-03-29T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2014-03-29T15:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=8088"},"modified":"2020-09-07T12:12:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T19:12:04","slug":"asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/","title":{"rendered":"Asenath Nicholson &#8211; &#8216;Vegan in New York&#8217; in the 1830s &#8211; Missionary, Philanthropist And Traveler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/asenath+nicholson.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8089 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/asenath+nicholson.jpg\" alt=\"asenath+nicholson\" width=\"568\" height=\"722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/asenath+nicholson.jpg 568w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/asenath+nicholson-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#I_add_bold_red_to_some_text_to_emphasize_vegan-ness\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >I add \u00a0bold red to some text to\u00a0emphasize vegan-ness.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#J\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >J<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_%E2%80%9CMy_reason_for_objecting_to_every_species_of_matter_to_be_used_as_food_except_the_direct_produce_of_the_earth_%E2%80%93_as_maybe_seen_in_my_last_publication_%E2%80%93_is_founded_on_the_broad_ground_that_no_other_matter_is_suited_to_the_organs_of_man_This_applies_then_with_the_same_force_to_eggs_milk_cheese_and_fish_as_to_flesh_meat%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >~ \u201cMy reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth\u00a0\u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication &#8211; is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man.\u00a0This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat.\u201d ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#%E2%80%93_Dr_William_Lambe_1765-1848_Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_%E2%80%93_in_his_book_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CWater_and_Vegetable_Diet_in_Consumption_Scrofula_Cancer_Asthma_and_Other_Chronic_Diseases%E2%80%9D_1st_Edition_1815\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >&#8211;\u00a0Dr. William Lambe (1765-1848), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians &#8211; in his book &#8211;\u00a0\u201cWater and Vegetable Diet in Consumption, Scrofula, Cancer, Asthma, and Other Chronic Diseases\u201d\u00a0(1st Edition 1815)\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#It_surprises_many_people_when_they_first_find_out_that_there_were_vegans_in_London_England_from_as_early_as_about_1800_in_New_York_Boston_in_the_US_in_the_1830s\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >It surprises many people when they first find out that there were vegans in \u00a0London, England from as early as about\u00a01800\u00a0&amp; in\u00a0New York &amp; Boston in the US in the 1830s.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#They_were_publishing_books_magazines_promoting_vegan_diets\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >They were publishing books &amp; magazines promoting vegan diets.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#They_were_actively_networking_across_the_Atlantic\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >They were actively networking across the Atlantic.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#They_ran_vegan_guest_houses_with_dining_rooms_open_to_the_public_the_first_vegan_%E2%80%98restaurants\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >They ran vegan guest houses with dining rooms open to the public (the first vegan &#8216;restaurants&#8217;).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#They_ran_vegan_farm_communities\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >They ran vegan farm communities.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#They_regularly_gave_public_lectures\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >They regularly gave public lectures.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Five_of_my_%E2%80%98favorite_people_from_the_US_from_that_era_are_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >Five of my &#8216;favorite&#8217; people from the US from that era are &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#1_Sylvester_Graham_1794_%E2%80%93_1851\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >1)\u00a0Sylvester Graham (1794 \u2013 1851),<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_his_wife\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >&amp;\u00a0his wife\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#2_Sarah_Manchester_Earle_Graham_1799_-1868\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >2)\u00a0Sarah Manchester Earle Graham (1799 -1868)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#3_Asenath_Nicholson_nee_Hatch_1792_-1855\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >3) Asenath Nicholson (n\u00e9e Hatch) (1792 -1855)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_her_husband\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >&amp;\u00a0her husband<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#4_Norman_Nicholson_1790%E2%80%931841\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >4) Norman Nicholson (1790\u20131841)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#5_Roswell_Goss_c_1809-1847_%E2%80%93_actively_vegan_for_a_while_%E2%80%93_but_he_lapsed_wrote_about_it_notes_about_him_below\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >5)\u00a0\u00a0Roswell Goss (c. 1809-1847) &#8211; actively vegan for a while &#8211; but he lapsed &amp; wrote about it (notes about him below).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_holds_original_copies_of_many_of_their_items_The_majority_of_the_books_newspapers_magazines_quoted_in_this_article_are_in_the_library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >The Ernest Bell Library holds original copies of many of their items.\u00a0The majority of the books, newspapers &amp; magazines quoted in this article are in the library.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#If_anyone_would_like_to_help_by_either_Adopting_or_Sponsoring_any_of_the_items_in_the_library_please_be_in_touch_%E2%80%93_humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >If anyone would like to help by either Adopting or Sponsoring any of the items in the library, please be in touch &#8211;\u00a0humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Over_to_Asenath_Nicholson_%E2%80%93_writing_in_approx_1835_%E2%80%93_happily_vegan_100_vegetarian_%E2%80%93_since_1831_or_1832\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >Over to Asenath Nicholson &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0writing in approx. 1835 &#8211;\u00a0happily\u00a0vegan \/ 100% vegetarian &#8211; since 1831 or 1832.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Source_%E2%80%93_her_%E2%80%93_Natures_own_book_Pages_55_56_%E2%80%93_image_copied_below_this\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >Source &#8211; her\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Nature&#8217;s own book.\u00a0\u00a0Pages 55 &amp; 56 &#8211; image copied below this.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_Nearly_four_years_have_passed_and_not_the_slightest_indisposition_except_a_trifling_cold_has_ever_returned_to_remind_me_I_was_mortal_Good_bread_pure_water_ripe_fruit_and_vegetables_are_my_meat_and_drink_exclusively_nor_do_I_desire_a_single_%E2%80%9D_leek_garlic_or_flesh-pot_of_Egypt%E2%80%9D_Nature_needs_no_more_appetite_craves_no_more_My_sleep_is_sweet_from_ten_to_five_and_I_am_well_convinced_that_a_thorough_ablution_in_cold_water_with_a_faithful_application_of_the_flesh-brush_and_a_good_hard_bed_will_insure_more_undisturbed_sleep_than_all_the_decoctions_of_tea_or_coffee_in_Christendom_What_shall_I_say_more_It_is_with_the_deepest_regret_past_days_are_reviewed_days_when_health_and_vigor_might_have_been_mine_when_watchful_hours_over_the_midnight_lamp_wasted_instead_of_strengthened_the_powers_of_the_mind_and_all_through_profound_ignorance_of_my_system_And_I_conclude_by_saying_that_parents_and_teachers_ought_to_know_that_the_work_of_education_will_ever_be_in_its_infancy_till_the_body_is_made_a_%E2%80%9D_meet_temple%E2%80%9D_for_the_residence_of_the_mind\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >~ Nearly four years have passed, and not the slightest indisposition, except a trifling cold, has ever returned, to remind me I was mortal. Good bread, pure water, ripe fruit and vegetables, are my meat and drink exclusively, nor do I desire a single &#8221; leek, garlic, or flesh-pot of Egypt.&#8221; Nature needs no more, appetite craves no more. My sleep is sweet, from ten to five; and I am well convinced that a thorough ablution in cold water, with a faithful application of the flesh-brush, and a good hard bed, will insure more undisturbed sleep than all the decoctions of tea or coffee in Christendom. What shall I say more ? It is with the deepest regret past days are reviewed; days, when health and vigor might have been mine ; when watchful hours, over the midnight lamp, wasted, instead of strengthened, the powers of the mind; and all, through profound ignorance of my system. And I conclude by saying, that parents and teachers ought to know, that the work of education will ever be in its infancy, till the body is made a &#8221; meet temple&#8221; for the residence of the mind. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Vocabulary\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >Vocabulary<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#flesh-pots_noun_plural_%E2%80%93_places_offering_luxurious_and_unrestrained_pleasure_or_amusement_after_Exodus_16_3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >flesh-pots \u00a0noun plural. &#8211; places offering luxurious and unrestrained pleasure or amusement. [after Exodus 16:3]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#ablution_bath\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >ablution = bath<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#flesh-brush_scrubbing_brush\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >flesh-brush = scrubbing brush<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#midnight_lamp_an_oil_lamp_%E2%80%93_electric_light_was_not_affordable_until_the_1880s\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >midnight lamp = an oil lamp &#8211; electric light was not affordable until the 1880s.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#meet_temple_proper_temple_%E2%80%93_a_nice_play_on_words_%E2%80%93_most_peoples_bodies_are_%E2%80%9Cmeat_temples%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >meet temple = proper temple &#8211; a nice play on words &#8211; most people&#8217;s bodies are &#8220;meat temples&#8221;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Asenath_Nicholson_was_born_Asenath_Hatch_in_the_Chelsea_Vermont_on_24_February_1792\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >Asenath Nicholson was born Asenath Hatch in the Chelsea, Vermont, on 24 February 1792.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#She_was_the_daughter_of_early_American_settlers_Michael_and_Martha_Hatch\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >She was the daughter of early American settlers Michael and Martha Hatch.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#She_worked_as_a_teacher_in_Chelsea_during_the_summer_months\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >She worked as a teacher in Chelsea during the summer months.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#In_about_1830_she_moved_to_New_York_and_opened_a_small_school_There_she_met_and_married_Norman_Nicholson_1790%E2%80%931841_a_merchant_who_was_also_interested_in_charity_and_reform\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >In about 1830, she moved to New York and opened a small school. There, she met and married Norman Nicholson (1790\u20131841), a merchant who was also interested in charity and reform.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_Nicholsons_were_influenced_by_the_ideas_of_the_pioneering_vegetarian_Sylvester_Graham_1784%E2%80%931851_a_prominent_Presbyterian_minister_a_temperance_crusader_and_an_advocate_of_vegetarianism_Graham_also_advocated_abstinence_and_discipline_in_diet_cleanliness_and_regular_exercise_as_a_means_to_a_good_moral_life\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >The Nicholsons were influenced by the ideas of the pioneering vegetarian\u00a0Sylvester Graham (1784\u20131851), a prominent Presbyterian minister, a temperance crusader, and an advocate of vegetarianism. Graham also advocated abstinence and discipline in diet, cleanliness, and regular exercise as a means to a good moral life.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Sylvester_Graham_regularly_held_lectures_in_New_York_throughout_the_1830s_Asenath_often_attended_then\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >Sylvester Graham regularly held lectures \u00a0in\u00a0New York \u00a0 throughout the 1830s &amp; Asenath \u00a0often attended\u00a0then.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Asenath_left_teaching_to_devote_herself_to_work_as_a_Grahamite_reformer_and_to_operate_a_temperance_boarding_house_where_like_minded_reformers_could_meet_It_provided_cheap_accommodation_to_poor_working_people_and_immigrants\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >Asenath left teaching to devote herself to work as a Grahamite reformer and to operate a temperance boarding house where like minded reformers could meet. It\u00a0provided cheap accommodation to poor working people and immigrants.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#On_September_14_1831_a_notice_appeared_announcing_that_a_boarding_house_would_open_at_No_3_6th_Avenue_based_on_Grahams_Plan_of_Living_Gentlemen_wishing_to_avail_themselves_of_this_opportunity_were_furnished_with_comfortable_rooms_and_lodgings_at_two_dollars_per_week\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >On September 14, 1831 a notice appeared announcing that a boarding house would open at No. 3 6th Avenue based on Graham\u2019s Plan of Living.\u00a0Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of this opportunity were furnished with comfortable rooms and lodgings at two dollars per week.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#In_1832_Asenath_prepared_published_Americas_first_ever_%E2%80%98vegetarian_cookbook_in_collaboration_with_Sylvester_Graham\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >In 1832 Asenath prepared &amp; published America&#8217;s first ever &#8216;veg(etari)an&#8217; cookbook in collaboration with Sylvester Graham.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Nicholson_Asenath_Natures_own_book_New_York_W_S_1832\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >Nicholson, Asenath,\u00a0Nature&#8217;s own book.\u00a0New York: W. S. 1832.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Some_of_the_recipes_or_%E2%80%98receipts_did_contain_dairy_but_Asenath_herself_Sylvester_Graham_both_strongly_recommended_against_using_dairy\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >Some of the recipes or &#8216;receipts&#8217; did contain dairy, but Asenath herself &amp; Sylvester Graham both strongly recommended against using dairy.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#John_Davis_writing_about_Sylvester_Graham_%E2%80%93_the_full_article\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >John Davis writing about Sylvester Graham &#8211; the full article.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_In_his_1835_book_%E2%80%98A_Defense_of_the_Graham_System_of_Living_he_refers_to_Dr_William_Lambe_briefly_limited_by_the_anti-British_feelings_at_that_time_but_took_a_more_flexible_approach_by_acknowledging_that_most_people_would_continue_to_use_eggs_and_dairy_products_even_when_they_stopped_eating_animal_flesh_He_insisted_that_milk_if_used_at_all_should_very_fresh_direct_from_the_cow_%E2%80%93_not_very_practical_for_city-dwellers_But_he_made_his_own_views_quite_clear\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >\u00a0~ In his 1835 book \u2018A Defense of the Graham System of Living\u2019, he refers to Dr. William Lambe briefly (limited by the anti-British feelings at that time), but took a more flexible approach by acknowledging that most people would continue to use eggs and dairy products, even when they stopped eating animal flesh. He insisted that milk, if used at all, should very fresh, direct from the cow &#8211; not very practical for city-dwellers. But he made his own views quite clear:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#p125_%E2%80%9CIt_has_been_customary_from_time_immemorial_to_speak_loudly_in_praise_of_milk_nevertheless_I_am_firmly_convinced_that_it_is_by_no_means_a_wholesome_article_of_diet%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >p.125:\u00a0\u201cIt has been customary from time immemorial to speak loudly in praise of milk . . . nevertheless, I am firmly convinced that it is by no means a wholesome article of diet.\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#p128_%E2%80%9CAs_an_article_of_diet_butter_is_decidedly_pernicious_even_when_fresh%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >p.128:\u00a0\u201cAs an article of diet, butter is decidedly pernicious, even when fresh\u2026\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#p131_%E2%80%9CAs_a_general_rule_all_kinds_of_cheese_are_difficult_of_solution_in_the_stomach%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >p.131:\u00a0\u201cAs a general rule, all kinds of cheese are difficult of solution in the stomach.\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#p133_%E2%80%9CHoney_like_other_concentrated_forms_of_aliment_is_improperly_used_as_food%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >p.133:\u00a0\u201cHoney . . . like other concentrated forms of aliment, is improperly used as food.\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#He_makes_similar_objections_to_any_animal_food_including_eggs_along_with_tea_coffee_chocolate_tobacco_opium_salt_sugar_pepper_mustard_ginger_salad_oil_and_alcohol_insisting_that_the_only_acceptable_drink_is_pure_water_He_also_promoted_the_importance_of_exercise_sound_sleep_and_cleanliness\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >He makes similar objections to any animal food, including eggs, along with tea, coffee, chocolate, tobacco, opium, salt, sugar, pepper, mustard, ginger, salad oil and alcohol, insisting that the only acceptable drink is pure water. He also promoted the importance of exercise, sound sleep and cleanliness. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-7\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#We_have_been_unable_to_locate_a_copy_of_the_1832_printing_of_Natures_own_book\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >We have been unable to locate a copy of the 1832 printing of Nature&#8217;s own book.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#But%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6_we_do_have_a_copy_of_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >But&#8230;&#8230; we do have a copy of: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Nicholson_Asenath_1792-1855_Natures_own_book_New_York_Wilbur_Whipple%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6Printers_1835\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >Nicholson, Asenath, 1792-1855. Nature&#8217;s own book. \u00a0New York: Wilbur &amp; Whipple&#8230;&#8230;Printers, 1835.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#An_%E2%80%98ad_for_Natures_Own_Book_%E2%80%93_from_%E2%80%93_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity_%E2%80%93_Vol_1_No_1_Boston_Tuesday_April_4_1837_%E2%80%93_the_worlds_first_%E2%80%98vegan_magazine\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >An &#8216;ad&#8217; for Nature&#8217;s Own Book &#8211; from &#8211; The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity &#8211; Vol. 1 No. 1 Boston, Tuesday April 4, 1837 &#8211; the world&#8217;s first &#8216;vegan magazine&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-8\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#This_second_expanded_edition_of_Natures_Own_Book_was_published_by_Asenath_in_1835_Read_the_entire_book_online_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >This second, expanded edition of Nature\u2019s Own Book.\u00a0was published by Asenath in 1835.\u00a0Read the entire book online here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#In_the_book_Asenath_describes_how_she_had_suffered_from_ill_health_and_an_all-consuming_addiction_to_coffee_%E2%80%9Cmy_last_refuge_and_my_greatest_earthly_comfort%E2%80%9D_The_recipes_or_%E2%80%9Creceipts%E2%80%9D_occupy_only_10_pages_of_this_small_volume_most_of_which_is_taken_up_by_Asenaths_fascinating_autobiographical_comments_glowing_testimonials_from_others_and_the_detailed_rules_Graham_drafted_for_the_%E2%80%9Ctemperance%E2%80%9D_boarding_house_Asenath_Norman_Nicholson_opened_in_New_Yorks_dodgy_Five_Points_district_in_1832\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >In the book Asenath describes how she had suffered from ill health and an all-consuming addiction to coffee, &#8220;my last refuge, and my greatest earthly comfort.&#8221; \u00a0The recipes or &#8220;receipts&#8221; occupy only 10 pages of this small volume, most of which is taken up by Asenath&#8217;s fascinating autobiographical comments, glowing testimonials from others, and the detailed rules Graham drafted for the &#8220;temperance&#8221; boarding house Asenath &amp; Norman Nicholson opened in New York&#8217;s dodgy Five Points district in 1832.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#At_very_the_end_of_this_post_I_have_added_some_additional_notes_about_the_Five_Points_district\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >At very the end of this post I have added some additional notes about the\u00a0Five Points district<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-9\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#In_May_1833_the_Nicholsons_were_listed_in_Longworths_New_York_City_Directory_as_the_proprietors_of_a_Graham_Boarding_House_at_79_Cedar_Street_at_the_corner_of_Nassau_Street\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >In May, 1833, the Nicholsons were listed in Longworth\u2019s New York City Directory as the proprietors of a Graham Boarding House at 79 Cedar Street at the corner of Nassau Street.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#View_Larger_Map\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >View Larger Map<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_The_Nicholsons_were_liberals_in_politics_although_described_by_some_contemporaries_as_radicals_because_they_condemned_slavery_and_criticised_colonisation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >\u00a0The Nicholsons were liberals in politics, although described by some contemporaries as radicals because they condemned slavery and criticised colonisation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-10\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Next_I_am_adding_3_original_ads_for_some_of_the_Nicholsons_guest_houses_another_Graham_Boarding_House_in_Boston_which_was_run_by_David_Cambell_who_also_published_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >Next I am adding 3 original ads for some of the Nicholsons&#8217; guest houses &amp; another Graham Boarding House in Boston which was run by David Cambell who also published The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_Graham_Boarding_House_at_63_Barclay-street_New-York_which_was_owned_and_run_by_Roswell_Goss_c_1809-1847_%E2%80%93_seems_to_have_been_%E2%80%93_completely_vegan_at_this_time_%E2%80%93_but_there_are_later_reports_of_eggs_being_served_at_breakfast_time_Additional_note_about_Roswell_Goss_%E2%80%93_below\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >The Graham Boarding House\u00a0at 63 Barclay-street. New-York, which was owned and run by Roswell Goss (c. 1809-1847) &#8211; seems to have been &#8211;\u00a0completely vegan at this time\u00a0&#8211; but there are later reports of eggs being served at breakfast time. (Additional note about Roswell Goss &#8211; below)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#1\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >1.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Beekman_Street_Barclay_Street_in_New_York_%E2%80%93_2_locations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >Beekman Street &amp; Barclay Street in New York &#8211; 2 locations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Brattle_Street_in_Boston\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >Brattle Street in Boston.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#From_%E2%80%93_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity_%E2%80%93_Vol_III_No_13_Boston_and_New_York_Saturday_June_22_1839\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\"  >From &#8211; The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity &#8211; Vol. III No. 13. Boston and New York, Saturday June 22, 1839<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-11\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#_2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\"  >\u00a02.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#GRAHAM_HOUSE_ADVERTISEMENT_IN_AN_1843_NEW_YORK_DAILY_TRIBUNE\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\"  >GRAHAM HOUSE ADVERTISEMENT IN AN 1843 NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Health_Quiet_Comfort_%E2%80%93_The_Grah\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\"  >&#8212;&#8212;Health, Quiet &amp; Comfort &#8211; The Grah-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#am_House_63_Barclay-street_New-York_proffers_advantages\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\"  >am House, 63 Barclay-street, New-York, proffers advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#to_strangers_stopping_a_few_days_or_weeks_in_the_city_such_as\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\"  >to strangers stopping a few days or weeks in the city, \u00a0such as<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#are_rarely_offered_It_is_eligibly_located_on_a_clean_and_airy\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\"  >are rarely offered. It is eligibly located on a clean and airy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#street_very_near_the_business_part_of_the_city_and_in_the_im\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\"  >street, \u00a0very near the business part of the city, \u00a0and in the im-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#mediate_vicinity_of_all_of_the_steamboat_landings_Its\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\"  >mediate vicinity of all of the steamboat landings. \u00a0\u00a0Its<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#apartments_are_convenient_and_neat_while_its_table_is_supplied\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\"  >apartments are convenient and neat, while its table is supplied<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#with_the_best_Vegetables_Fruits_that_can_be_procured_ex\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\"  >with the best Vegetables &amp; Fruits that can be procured, ex-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#cluding_entirely_Animal_Food_and_stimulants_of_all_kinds_Charges_moderate_and_every_effort_made_to_render_Boarders\" >cluding entirely Animal Food and stimulants of all kinds. \n Charges moderate, and every effort made to render Boarders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#comfortable_Shower_Baths_free_Remember_63_Barclay\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\"  >comfortable. Shower Baths free.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Remember, 63 Barclay-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#street\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\"  >street.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-12\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\"  >3.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#GRAHAM_HOUSE_ADVERTISEMENT_IN_A_3_August_1842_NEW_YORK_DAILY_TRIBUNE\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\"  >GRAHAM HOUSE ADVERTISEMENT IN A 3 August 1842 NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#To_Travelers-_Gentlemen_visiting_this_City_are_respectfully_invited_to_stop_at_the_GRAHAM_HOUSE_63_Barclay-street_where_a_quiet_home_pleasant_rooms_clean_beds_wholesome_food_and_an_atmosphere_unpoisoned_by_alcohol_or_tobacco_await_their_acceptance_Those_who_be-_lieve_it_impossible_to_live_on_a_rigidly_temperate_and_purely_Vegetable_Diet_without_severe_privation_are_requested_to_give_it_one_trial_The_house_is_very_convenient_to_the_busi-_ness_part_of_the_City_and_to_all_the_Steamboat_Landings_%E2%80%94_Terms_moderate_Gentlemen_visiting_the_City_with_a_part_of_their_Families_will_find_such_a_home_vastly_more_agreea-_ble_than_a_Hotel_Shower-Baths_free\" >To Travelers.- Gentlemen visiting this City are \n respectfully invited to stop at the GRAHAM HOUSE, 63 \n Barclay-street, where a quiet home, pleasant rooms, clean \n beds, wholesome food, and an atmosphere unpoisoned by \n alcohol or tobacco, await their acceptance. Those who be- \n  lieve it impossible to live on a rigidly temperate and purely \n  Vegetable Diet without severe privation are requested to \n give it one trial. The house is very convenient to the busi- \n ness part of the City and to all the Steamboat Landings. &#8212; \n Terms moderate. Gentlemen visiting the City with a part \n of their Families will find such a home vastly more agreea- \n ble than a Hotel. Shower-Baths free.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-13\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Sometime_after_her_husbands_death_Asenath_sailed_to_Ireland_serving_as_a_missionary_among_the_rural_poor_and_publishing_two_valuable_memoirs_of_the_devastating_Irish_famine\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\"  >Sometime after her husband&#8217;s death, Asenath sailed to Ireland, serving as a missionary among the rural poor and publishing two valuable memoirs of the devastating Irish famine.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Asenath_in_Ireland\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\"  >Asenath in Ireland.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#She_described_herself_walking_through_Dublin_each_morning_distributing_slices_of_bread_from_a_large_basket_She_worked_out_of_her_own_soup_kitchen_in_the_Liberties_an_area_she_selected_for_its_extreme_poverty_The_Quakers_sold_their_soup_for_a_penny_a_quart_Asenaths_food_was_gratis_however_she_operated_on_a_triage_system_She_decided_that_10_divided_among_100_people_helped_no_one_so_she_committed_herself_to_a_particular_group_of_families_for_whom_she_cooked_Indian_meal_daily_Asenath_stayed_in_Dublin_until_July_1847_when_she_left_for_Belfast_By_then_she_had_finished_her_book_Irelands_Welcome_to_the_Stranger_her_account_of_her_earlier_visit_written_to_encourage_readers_to_respond_to_Irelands_crisis\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\"  >She described herself walking through Dublin each morning distributing slices of bread from a large basket. She worked out of her own soup kitchen in the Liberties, an area she selected for its extreme poverty.\u00a0The Quakers sold their soup for a penny a quart. Asenath\u2019s food was gratis; however, she operated on a triage system. She decided that \u00a310 divided among 100 people helped no one, so she committed herself to a particular group of families for whom she cooked Indian meal daily. Asenath stayed in Dublin until July 1847 when she left for Belfast. By then she had finished her book Ireland\u2019s Welcome to the Stranger, her account of her earlier visit written to encourage readers to respond to Ireland\u2019s crisis.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_Oxford_Encyclopedia_of_Food_and_Drink_in_America_Volume_1\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\"  >The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, Volume 1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#edited_by_Andrew_Smith_Bruce_Kraig_p_534\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\"  >edited by Andrew Smith, Bruce Kraig p 534<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Additional_useful_information_sources_on_Asenath_Nicholson_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\"  >Additional useful information sources on Asenath Nicholson: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#http_peoplehofstraedualan_j_singerDocketdocket51DNewYorkHistorypdf\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\"  >http:\/\/people.hofstra.edu\/alan_j_singer\/Docket\/docket\/5.1DNewYorkHistory.pdf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#http_wwwthefullwikiorgSylvester_Graham\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\"  >http:\/\/www.thefullwiki.org\/Sylvester_Graham<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#http_multitextucciedAsenath_Nicholson\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\"  >http:\/\/multitext.ucc.ie\/d\/Asenath_Nicholson<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#http_wwwirishcentralcomIrishAmericaThe-Good-Samaritan-93281969htmlixzz1n5T9Q7K6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\"  >http:\/\/www.irishcentral.com\/IrishAmerica\/The-Good-Samaritan-93281969.html#ixzz1n5T9Q7K6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-14\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Librarys_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u2019s\u00a0primary objectives are to: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest. Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Introduce_very_briefly_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\"  >Introduce, very briefly, all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#To_undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\"  >To undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#We_already_have_more_than_200_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\"  >We already have more than 200 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Additional_items_are_being_continuously_added\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\"  >Additional items are being continuously added.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#There_are_currently_more_than_1500_items_in_the_library_archives\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\"  >There are currently more than 1,500 items in the library &amp; archives.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#We_are_working_seriously_on_cataloging_the_collection_as_when_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\"  >We are working seriously on cataloging the collection, as &amp; when funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#It_is_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\"  >It is time for the library to go online.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-15\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Send_an_email_to_us_at_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\"  >Send an email to us at :\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\"  >&#8211; or message me through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\"  >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-16\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Roswell_Goss_in_1845\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\"  >Roswell Goss in 1845<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Sheldon_Cos_Business_Or_Advertising_Directory_Containing_the_Cards_Circulars_and_Advertisements_of_the_Principal_Firms_of_the_Cities_of_New-York_Boston_Philadelphia_Baltimore_Etc_%E2%80%93_1845_%E2%80%93_Hotels_p_5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\"  >Sheldon &amp; Co.&#8217;s Business Or Advertising Directory: Containing the Cards, Circulars, and Advertisements of the Principal Firms of the Cities of New-York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Etc., &#8211; 1845 &#8211; Hotels p 5.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-17\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_death_of_Roswell_Goss\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\"  >The death of Roswell Goss<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_water_cure_in_America_two_hundred_and_twenty_cases_of_various_diseases_treated_with_water_by_Drs_Wesselhoeft_Shew_Bedortha_Shieferdecker_and_others_with_cases_of_domestic_practice_notices_of_the_water_cure_establishments_descriptive_catalogue_of_hydropathic_publications_etc_designed_for_popular_as_well_as_professional_reading_1848_p_175\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\"  >The water cure in America : two hundred and twenty cases of various diseases treated with water, by Drs. Wesselhoeft, Shew, Bedortha, Shieferdecker, and others : with cases of domestic practice : notices of the water cure establishments : descriptive catalogue of hydropathic publications, etc. : designed for popular as well as professional reading (1848) p 175<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#i-18\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\"  >___________________________________________<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#A_little_about_New_Yorks_%E2%80%98Five_Points%E2%80%98_district_in_the_1830s\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\"  >A little about New York&#8217;s &#8216;Five Points&#8216; district in the 1830s.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#THE_NEW-YORK_MIRROR_MAY_18_1833\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-139\"  >THE NEW-YORK MIRROR, MAY 18, 1833<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#1831_map_showing_Five_Points_within_the_Sixth_Ward\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-140\"  >1831 map showing Five Points within the Sixth Ward<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#The_name_Five_Points_was_derived_from_the_five-pointed_intersection_created_by_Orange_Street_now_Baxter_Street_and_Cross_Street_now_Mosco_Street_from_this_intersection_Anthony_Street_now_Worth_Street_began_and_ran_in_a_northwest_direction_creating_a_triangular-shaped_block_thus_the_fifth_%E2%80%9Cpoint%E2%80%9D_To_the_west_of_this_%E2%80%9Cpoint%E2%80%9D_ran_Little_Water_Street_which_no_longer_exists_north_to_south_creating_a_triangular_plot_which_would_become_known_as_Paradise_Square_or_Paradise_Park\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-141\"  >The name Five Points was derived from the five-pointed intersection created by Orange Street (now Baxter Street) and Cross Street (now Mosco Street); from this intersection Anthony Street (now Worth Street) began and ran in a northwest direction, creating a triangular-shaped block thus the fifth &#8220;point&#8221;. To the west of this &#8220;point&#8221; ran Little Water Street (which no longer exists) north to south, creating a triangular plot which would become known as Paradise Square or Paradise Park.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#Think_%E2%80%93_Daniel_Day_Lewis_as_Bill_%E2%80%9Cthe_Butcher%E2%80%9D_Cutting_in_the_2002_movie_%E2%80%93_Gangs_of_New_York\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-142\"  >Think &#8211; Daniel Day Lewis as\u00a0Bill &#8220;the Butcher&#8221; Cutting\u00a0 \u00a0in the 2002 movie &#8211;\u00a0Gangs of New York.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_add_bold_red_to_some_text_to_emphasize_vegan-ness\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #993366; line-height: 1.5em;\">I add \u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"color: #993366; line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bold red<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #993366; line-height: 1.5em;\"> to some text to\u00a0emphasize vegan-ness.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"J\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em; color: #993366;\">J<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CMy_reason_for_objecting_to_every_species_of_matter_to_be_used_as_food_except_the_direct_produce_of_the_earth_%E2%80%93_as_maybe_seen_in_my_last_publication_%E2%80%93_is_founded_on_the_broad_ground_that_no_other_matter_is_suited_to_the_organs_of_man_This_applies_then_with_the_same_force_to_eggs_milk_cheese_and_fish_as_to_flesh_meat%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">~ \u201c<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">My reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth\u00a0<\/em><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication &#8211; is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man.\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u201d ~<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Dr_William_Lambe_1765-1848_Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_%E2%80%93_in_his_book_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CWater_and_Vegetable_Diet_in_Consumption_Scrofula_Cancer_Asthma_and_Other_Chronic_Diseases%E2%80%9D_1st_Edition_1815\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&#8211;\u00a0<strong>Dr. William Lambe<\/strong> (1765-1848), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians &#8211; in his book &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u201c<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Water and Vegetable Diet in Consumption, Scrofula, Cancer, Asthma, and Other Chronic Diseases\u201d<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u00a0(1st Edition 1815)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-2\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\">It surprises many people when they first find out that<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> there were vegans in \u00a0London, England from as early as about\u00a0<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/dr-william-lambe---father-of-vegan-nutrition-and-his-vegan-biographer.html\" title=\"Dr. William Lambe - Father Of Vegan Nutrition, And His Vegan Biographer\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">1800<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0&amp; in\u00a0New York &amp; Boston in the US in the 1830s.<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"They_were_publishing_books_magazines_promoting_vegan_diets\"><\/span>They were publishing books &amp; magazines promoting vegan diets.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"They_were_actively_networking_across_the_Atlantic\"><\/span>They were actively networking across the Atlantic.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"They_ran_vegan_guest_houses_with_dining_rooms_open_to_the_public_the_first_vegan_%E2%80%98restaurants\"><\/span>They ran vegan guest houses with dining rooms open to the public (the first vegan &#8216;restaurants&#8217;).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"They_ran_vegan_farm_communities\"><\/span>They ran vegan farm communities.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"They_regularly_gave_public_lectures\"><\/span>They regularly gave public lectures.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-3\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Five_of_my_%E2%80%98favorite_people_from_the_US_from_that_era_are_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Five of my &#8216;favorite&#8217; people from the US from that era are &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">1)\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sylvester_Graham\" title=\"Grahamism was influential in the vegan movement. Sylvester Graham focused on meat and milk, which he believed to be the cause of sexual urges. In fact, he claimed animal byproducts produced lust; Grahamism thus rejected meat, animal byproducts, and alcohol in order to develop a purer mind and body.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Sylvester Graham<\/a><\/strong> (1794 \u2013 1851), <\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_his_wife\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&amp;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">his wife\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">2)\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nndb.com\/people\/581\/000203969\/\" title=\"Wife: Sarah Manchester Earle Graham (b. 27-Feb-1799, m. 19-Sep-1824, d. 7-Jan-1868)\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Sarah Manchester Earle Graham<\/a><\/strong> (1799 -1868)<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Asenath_Nicholson_nee_Hatch_1792_-1855\"><\/span>3) <strong>Asenath Nicholson<\/strong> (n\u00e9e Hatch) (1792 -1855)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_her_husband\"><\/span>&amp;\u00a0her husband<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Norman_Nicholson_1790%E2%80%931841\"><\/span>4) <strong>Norman Nicholson <\/strong>(1790\u20131841)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Roswell_Goss_c_1809-1847_%E2%80%93_actively_vegan_for_a_while_%E2%80%93_but_he_lapsed_wrote_about_it_notes_about_him_below\"><\/span>5)\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Roswell Goss<\/strong> (c. 1809-1847) &#8211; actively vegan for a while &#8211; but he lapsed &amp; wrote about it (notes about him below).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" title=\"There are currently more than 1,200 items in the library &amp; archives. We already have more than 200 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings. Additional items are being continuously added. We are inviting wider collaboration \u2013 please contact us to discuss - humanitarianleague@outlook.com\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>Ernest Bell Library<\/strong><\/em><\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"> holds original copies of many of their items.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">The majority of the books, newspapers &amp; magazines quoted in this article are in the library.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_would_like_to_help_by_either_Adopting_or_Sponsoring_any_of_the_items_in_the_library_please_be_in_touch_%E2%80%93_humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span>If anyone would like to help by either Adopting or Sponsoring any of the items in the library, please be in touch &#8211;\u00a0humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-4\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Over_to_Asenath_Nicholson_%E2%80%93_writing_in_approx_1835_%E2%80%93_happily_vegan_100_vegetarian_%E2%80%93_since_1831_or_1832\"><\/span>Over to<strong> Asenath Nicholson<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0writing in approx. 1835 &#8211;\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">happily\u00a0vegan \/ 100% vegetarian &#8211; since 1831 or 1832.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_%E2%80%93_her_%E2%80%93_Natures_own_book_Pages_55_56_%E2%80%93_image_copied_below_this\"><\/span>Source &#8211; her\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<strong><em>Nature&#8217;s own book.<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Pages 55 &amp; 56 &#8211; image copied below this.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Nearly_four_years_have_passed_and_not_the_slightest_indisposition_except_a_trifling_cold_has_ever_returned_to_remind_me_I_was_mortal_Good_bread_pure_water_ripe_fruit_and_vegetables_are_my_meat_and_drink_exclusively_nor_do_I_desire_a_single_%E2%80%9D_leek_garlic_or_flesh-pot_of_Egypt%E2%80%9D_Nature_needs_no_more_appetite_craves_no_more_My_sleep_is_sweet_from_ten_to_five_and_I_am_well_convinced_that_a_thorough_ablution_in_cold_water_with_a_faithful_application_of_the_flesh-brush_and_a_good_hard_bed_will_insure_more_undisturbed_sleep_than_all_the_decoctions_of_tea_or_coffee_in_Christendom_What_shall_I_say_more_It_is_with_the_deepest_regret_past_days_are_reviewed_days_when_health_and_vigor_might_have_been_mine_when_watchful_hours_over_the_midnight_lamp_wasted_instead_of_strengthened_the_powers_of_the_mind_and_all_through_profound_ignorance_of_my_system_And_I_conclude_by_saying_that_parents_and_teachers_ought_to_know_that_the_work_of_education_will_ever_be_in_its_infancy_till_the_body_is_made_a_%E2%80%9D_meet_temple%E2%80%9D_for_the_residence_of_the_mind\"><\/span><strong>~ Nearly four years have passed, and not the slightest indisposition, except a trifling cold, has ever returned, to remind me I was mortal. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Good bread, pure water, ripe fruit and vegetables, are my meat and drink <em>exclusively<\/em><\/span>, nor do I desire a single &#8221; leek, garlic, or flesh-pot of Egypt.&#8221; Nature needs no more, appetite craves no more. My sleep is sweet, from ten to five; and I am well convinced that a thorough ablution in cold water, with a faithful application of the flesh-brush, and a good hard bed, will insure more undisturbed sleep than all the decoctions of tea or coffee in Christendom. What shall I say more ? It is with the <em>deepest<\/em> regret past days are reviewed; days, when health and vigor might have been mine ; when watchful hours, over the midnight lamp, <em>wasted<\/em>, instead of <em>strengthened<\/em>, the powers of the mind; and all, through profound ignorance of my system. And I conclude by saying, that parents and teachers <em>ought<\/em> to know, that the work of education will ever be in its infancy, till the body is made a &#8221; meet temple&#8221; for the residence of the mind. ~<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vocabulary\"><\/span><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/fleshpot\" title=\"flesh\u00b7pot noun : a place where people are entertained in ways that relate to physical pleasures.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>flesh-pots<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span> \u00a0noun plural. &#8211; places offering luxurious and unrestrained pleasure or amusement. [after Exodus 16:3]<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ablution_bath\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>ablution<\/strong><\/span> = bath<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"flesh-brush_scrubbing_brush\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">flesh-brush<\/span><\/strong><\/span> = scrubbing brush<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">midnight lamp<\/span><\/strong> = an oil lamp &#8211; electric light was not affordable until the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_bulb\" title=\"Joseph Swan - 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and so the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">1880s<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"meet_temple_proper_temple_%E2%80%93_a_nice_play_on_words_%E2%80%93_most_peoples_bodies_are_%E2%80%9Cmeat_temples%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">meet temple<\/span><\/strong> = proper temple &#8211; a nice play on words &#8211; most people&#8217;s bodies are &#8220;meat temples&#8221;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0059.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8091 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0059.jpg\" alt=\"naturesownbook00nich_0059\" width=\"576\" height=\"1018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0059.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0059-170x300.jpg 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0060.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0060.jpg\" alt=\"naturesownbook00nich_0060\" width=\"580\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0060.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0060-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0060-195x110.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Asenath_Nicholson_was_born_Asenath_Hatch_in_the_Chelsea_Vermont_on_24_February_1792\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong>Asenath Nicholson<\/strong> was born Asenath Hatch in the Chelsea, Vermont, on 24 February 1792.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"She_was_the_daughter_of_early_American_settlers_Michael_and_Martha_Hatch\"><\/span>She was the daughter of early American settlers Michael and Martha Hatch.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">She worked as a teacher in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chelseavt.org\/index.asp?SEC=5C8CD342-C406-49DB-9CB0-7646C5D117C6&amp;Type=B_BASIC\" title=\"The town of Chelsea was settled 1784. A unique feature of Chelsea is the two commons, or greens, as they were called in the early history of the town. The North Common dates back to 1795 when the town purchased &quot;a piece of land for a public parade,&quot; paying five pounds, English money. In 1802, a prominent early citizen of the town gave land for a &quot;new common&quot; upon which to erect a court house and jail which, when cleared, became the South Common.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Chelsea<\/a> during the summer months. <\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_about_1830_she_moved_to_New_York_and_opened_a_small_school_There_she_met_and_married_Norman_Nicholson_1790%E2%80%931841_a_merchant_who_was_also_interested_in_charity_and_reform\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">In about 1830, she moved to New York and opened a small school. There, she met and married Norman Nicholson (1790\u20131841), a merchant who was also interested in charity and reform.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>The Nicholsons were influenced by the ideas of the pioneering vegetarian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/amvegsoc1850\/\" title=\"Sylvester Graham, the bran-bread man, - The Reverend Sylvester Graham (July 5, 1794 \u2013 September 11, 1851) \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sylvester Graham<\/a> (1784\u20131851), a prominent Presbyterian minister, a temperance crusader, and an advocate of vegetarianism. Graham also advocated abstinence and discipline in diet, cleanliness, and regular exercise as a means to a good moral life.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sylvester_Graham_regularly_held_lectures_in_New_York_throughout_the_1830s_Asenath_often_attended_then\"><\/span>Sylvester Graham regularly held lectures \u00a0in\u00a0New York \u00a0 throughout the 1830s &amp; Asenath \u00a0often attended\u00a0then.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Asenath_left_teaching_to_devote_herself_to_work_as_a_Grahamite_reformer_and_to_operate_a_temperance_boarding_house_where_like_minded_reformers_could_meet_It_provided_cheap_accommodation_to_poor_working_people_and_immigrants\"><\/span>Asenath left teaching to devote herself to work as a Grahamite reformer and to operate a temperance boarding house where like minded reformers could meet. It\u00a0provided cheap accommodation to poor working people and immigrants.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_September_14_1831_a_notice_appeared_announcing_that_a_boarding_house_would_open_at_No_3_6th_Avenue_based_on_Grahams_Plan_of_Living_Gentlemen_wishing_to_avail_themselves_of_this_opportunity_were_furnished_with_comfortable_rooms_and_lodgings_at_two_dollars_per_week\"><\/span>On September 14, 1831 a notice appeared announcing that a boarding house would open at No. 3 6th Avenue based on Graham\u2019s Plan of Living.\u00a0Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of this opportunity were furnished with comfortable rooms and lodgings at two dollars per week.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-5\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_1832_Asenath_prepared_published_Americas_first_ever_%E2%80%98vegetarian_cookbook_in_collaboration_with_Sylvester_Graham\"><\/span>In 1832 Asenath prepared &amp; published<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> America&#8217;s first ever &#8216;veg(etari)an&#8217; cookbook<\/span> <\/strong>in collaboration with Sylvester Graham.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nicholson_Asenath_Natures_own_book_New_York_W_S_1832\"><\/span>Nicholson, Asenath,\u00a0<strong><em>Nature&#8217;s own book.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0New York: W. S. 1832.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_of_the_recipes_or_%E2%80%98receipts_did_contain_dairy_but_Asenath_herself_Sylvester_Graham_both_strongly_recommended_against_using_dairy\"><\/span>Some of the recipes or &#8216;receipts&#8217; did contain dairy, <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">but Asenath herself &amp; Sylvester Graham both strongly recommended against using dairy<\/span><\/strong>.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-6\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>John Davis writing about Sylvester Graham &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/sylvester-graham---the-original-american-vegan-baker.html\" title=\"Sylvester Graham - The Original American Vegan Baker\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">the full article<\/a>.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>\u00a0~ In his 1835 book \u2018<em>A Defense of the Graham System of Living<\/em>\u2019, he refers to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/dr-william-lambe---father-of-vegan-nutrition-and-his-vegan-biographer.html\" title=\" \u201cMy reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth \u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication - is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man. This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat.\u201d \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Dr. William Lambe<\/a> briefly (limited by the anti-British feelings at that time), but took a more flexible approach by acknowledging that most people would continue to use eggs and dairy products, even when they stopped eating animal flesh. He insisted that milk, if used at all, should very fresh, direct from the cow &#8211; not very practical for city-dwellers. But he made his own views quite clear:<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"p125_%E2%80%9CIt_has_been_customary_from_time_immemorial_to_speak_loudly_in_praise_of_milk_nevertheless_I_am_firmly_convinced_that_it_is_by_no_means_a_wholesome_article_of_diet%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><em>p.125:\u00a0<\/em><strong>\u201cIt has been customary from time immemorial to speak loudly in praise of <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">milk<\/span> . . . nevertheless, I am firmly convinced that it <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">is by no means a wholesome article of diet<\/span>.\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"p128_%E2%80%9CAs_an_article_of_diet_butter_is_decidedly_pernicious_even_when_fresh%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><em>p.128:<\/em>\u00a0<strong>\u201cAs an article of diet, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">butter is decidedly pernicious<\/span>, even when fresh\u2026\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"p131_%E2%80%9CAs_a_general_rule_all_kinds_of_cheese_are_difficult_of_solution_in_the_stomach%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><em>p.131:<\/em>\u00a0<strong>\u201cAs a general rule, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">all kinds of cheese are difficult of solution in the stomach<\/span>.\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"p133_%E2%80%9CHoney_like_other_concentrated_forms_of_aliment_is_improperly_used_as_food%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><em>p.133:<\/em>\u00a0<strong>\u201c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Honey<\/span> . . . like other concentrated forms of aliment, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">is improperly used as food<\/span>.\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_makes_similar_objections_to_any_animal_food_including_eggs_along_with_tea_coffee_chocolate_tobacco_opium_salt_sugar_pepper_mustard_ginger_salad_oil_and_alcohol_insisting_that_the_only_acceptable_drink_is_pure_water_He_also_promoted_the_importance_of_exercise_sound_sleep_and_cleanliness\"><\/span>He makes similar objections to any animal food, including eggs, along with tea, coffee, chocolate, tobacco, opium, salt, sugar, pepper, mustard, ginger, salad oil and alcohol, insisting that the only acceptable drink is pure water. He also promoted the importance of exercise, sound sleep and cleanliness. ~<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-7\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_have_been_unable_to_locate_a_copy_of_the_1832_printing_of_Natures_own_book\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">We have been unable to locate a copy of the 1832 printing of <strong><em>Nature&#8217;s own book.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"But%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6_we_do_have_a_copy_of_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>But&#8230;&#8230; we do have a copy of: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0005.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8218 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0005.jpg\" alt=\"naturesownbook00nich_0005\" width=\"576\" height=\"1018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0005.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/naturesownbook00nich_0005-170x300.jpg 170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nicholson_Asenath_1792-1855_Natures_own_book_New_York_Wilbur_Whipple%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6Printers_1835\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;\">Nicholson, Asenath, 1792-1855. <\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;\"><em>Nature&#8217;s own book.<\/em> <\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;\">\u00a0New York: Wilbur &amp; Whipple&#8230;&#8230;Printers, 1835.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/NaturesBookAd.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8265 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/NaturesBookAd.jpg\" alt=\"NaturesBookAd\" width=\"580\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/NaturesBookAd.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/NaturesBookAd-288x300.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/NaturesBookAd-36x36.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_%E2%80%98ad_for_Natures_Own_Book_%E2%80%93_from_%E2%80%93_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity_%E2%80%93_Vol_1_No_1_Boston_Tuesday_April_4_1837_%E2%80%93_the_worlds_first_%E2%80%98vegan_magazine\"><\/span><strong>An &#8216;ad&#8217; for <em>Nature&#8217;s Own Book<\/em> &#8211; from &#8211; The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity &#8211; Vol. 1 No. 1 Boston, Tuesday April 4, 1837 &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> the world&#8217;s first &#8216;vegan magazine&#8217;.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-8\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">This second, expanded edition of <strong><em>Nature\u2019s Own Book.<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>was published by Asenath in 1835.\u00a0Read the entire book online <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/naturesownbook00nich#page\/n3\/mode\/2up\" title=\"Nature's Own Book. 2d ed., enlarged and improved. Published 1835 by Wilbur &amp; Whipple, printers in New York.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_the_book_Asenath_describes_how_she_had_suffered_from_ill_health_and_an_all-consuming_addiction_to_coffee_%E2%80%9Cmy_last_refuge_and_my_greatest_earthly_comfort%E2%80%9D_The_recipes_or_%E2%80%9Creceipts%E2%80%9D_occupy_only_10_pages_of_this_small_volume_most_of_which_is_taken_up_by_Asenaths_fascinating_autobiographical_comments_glowing_testimonials_from_others_and_the_detailed_rules_Graham_drafted_for_the_%E2%80%9Ctemperance%E2%80%9D_boarding_house_Asenath_Norman_Nicholson_opened_in_New_Yorks_dodgy_Five_Points_district_in_1832\"><\/span>In the book Asenath describes how she had suffered from ill health and an all-consuming addiction to coffee, &#8220;my last refuge, and my greatest earthly comfort.&#8221; \u00a0The recipes or &#8220;receipts&#8221; occupy only 10 pages of this small volume, most of which is taken up by Asenath&#8217;s fascinating autobiographical comments, glowing testimonials from others, and the detailed rules Graham drafted for the &#8220;temperance&#8221; boarding house Asenath &amp; Norman Nicholson opened in New York&#8217;s dodgy Five Points district in 1832.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"At_very_the_end_of_this_post_I_have_added_some_additional_notes_about_the_Five_Points_district\"><\/span><strong>At very the end of this post I have added some additional notes about the\u00a0Five Points district<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-9\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_May_1833_the_Nicholsons_were_listed_in_Longworths_New_York_City_Directory_as_the_proprietors_of_a_Graham_Boarding_House_at_79_Cedar_Street_at_the_corner_of_Nassau_Street\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">In May, 1833, the Nicholsons were listed in Longworth\u2019s New York City Directory as the proprietors of a <strong>Graham Boarding House<\/strong> at 79 Cedar Street at the corner of Nassau Street.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com.hk\/maps?q=corner+of+cedar+street+%26+nassau+street,+New+York,+NY,+USA&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=&amp;hnear=Nassau+St+%26+Cedar+St,+New+York,+United+States&amp;gl=hk&amp;t=m&amp;brcurrent=3,0x0:0x0,0&amp;source=embed&amp;z=14&amp;ll=40.708157,-74.0098&amp;output=embed\" width=\"425\" height=\"350\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<small><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com.hk\/maps?q=corner+of+cedar+street+%26+nassau+street,+New+York,+NY,+USA&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=&amp;hnear=Nassau+St+%26+Cedar+St,+New+York,+United+States&amp;gl=hk&amp;t=m&amp;brcurrent=3,0x0:0x0,0&amp;source=embed&amp;z=14&amp;ll=40.708157,-74.0098\" style=\"color: #0000ff; text-align: left;\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">View Larger Map<\/a><\/small><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_The_Nicholsons_were_liberals_in_politics_although_described_by_some_contemporaries_as_radicals_because_they_condemned_slavery_and_criticised_colonisation\"><\/span>\u00a0The Nicholsons were liberals in politics, although described by some contemporaries as radicals because they condemned slavery and criticised colonisation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-10\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Next_I_am_adding_3_original_ads_for_some_of_the_Nicholsons_guest_houses_another_Graham_Boarding_House_in_Boston_which_was_run_by_David_Cambell_who_also_published_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity\"><\/span>Next I am adding 3 original ads for some of the Nicholsons&#8217; guest houses &amp; another <strong>Graham Boarding House<\/strong> in Boston which was run by David Cambell who also published <strong>The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity<\/strong>.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>The <strong>Graham Boarding House<\/strong>\u00a0at 63 Barclay-street. New-York, which was owned and run by Roswell Goss (c. 1809-1847) &#8211; seems to have been &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">com<\/span>pletely vegan at this time<\/strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; but there are later <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com.hk\/books?id=xdB5AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT53&amp;lpg=PT53&amp;dq=graham+nicholson+vegetarian+converts&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=IVr2viNgaH&amp;sig=yzUZFmYurjKYvMPCK1yhd-AgY9g&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=avs4U6rsKsnZigfniYHwAg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=graham%20nicholson%20vegetarian%20converts&amp;f=false\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">reports<\/a> of eggs being served at breakfast time<\/span><\/span>. (Additional note about Roswell Goss &#8211; below)<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1\"><\/span><strong>1.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1839.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8266 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1839.jpg\" alt=\"1839\" width=\"580\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1839.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1839-261x300.jpg 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beekman_Street_Barclay_Street_in_New_York_%E2%80%93_2_locations\"><\/span><strong>Beekman Street &amp; Barclay Street in New York &#8211; 2 locations.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brattle_Street_in_Boston\"><\/span><strong>Brattle Street in Boston.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_%E2%80%93_The_Graham_Journal_of_Health_and_Longevity_%E2%80%93_Vol_III_No_13_Boston_and_New_York_Saturday_June_22_1839\"><\/span><strong>From &#8211; The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity &#8211; Vol. III No. 13. Boston and New York, Saturday June 22, 1839<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-11\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_2\"><\/span><strong>\u00a02.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG1-2.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8213 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG1-2.jpg\" alt=\"SG1 (2)\" width=\"580\" height=\"241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG1-2.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG1-2-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GRAHAM_HOUSE_ADVERTISEMENT_IN_AN_1843_NEW_YORK_DAILY_TRIBUNE\"><\/span><strong>GRAHAM HOUSE ADVERTISEMENT IN AN 1843 NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%94%E2%80%94Health_Quiet_Comfort_%E2%80%93_The_Grah\"><\/span><strong>&#8212;&#8212;Health, Quiet &amp; Comfort &#8211; The Grah-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"am_House_63_Barclay-street_New-York_proffers_advantages\"><\/span><strong>am House, 63 Barclay-street, New-York, proffers advantages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"to_strangers_stopping_a_few_days_or_weeks_in_the_city_such_as\"><\/span><strong>to strangers stopping a few days or weeks in the city, \u00a0such as <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"are_rarely_offered_It_is_eligibly_located_on_a_clean_and_airy\"><\/span><strong>are rarely offered. It is eligibly located on a clean and airy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"street_very_near_the_business_part_of_the_city_and_in_the_im\"><\/span><strong>street, \u00a0very near the business part of the city, \u00a0and in the im-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mediate_vicinity_of_all_of_the_steamboat_landings_Its\"><\/span><strong>mediate vicinity of all of the steamboat landings. \u00a0\u00a0Its<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apartments_are_convenient_and_neat_while_its_table_is_supplied\"><\/span><strong>apartments are convenient and neat, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">while its table is supplied<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"with_the_best_Vegetables_Fruits_that_can_be_procured_ex\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>with the best Vegetables &amp; Fruits that can be procured, ex-<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cluding_entirely_Animal_Food_and_stimulants_of_all_kinds_Charges_moderate_and_every_effort_made_to_render_Boarders\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>cluding entirely Animal Food and stimulants of all kinds.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> Charges moderate, and every effort made to render Boarders <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"comfortable_Shower_Baths_free_Remember_63_Barclay\"><\/span><strong>comfortable. Shower Baths free.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Remember, 63 Barclay-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"street\"><\/span><strong>street.\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-12\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3\"><\/span><strong>3.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1842.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8234 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1842.jpg\" alt=\"1842\" width=\"580\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1842.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1842-300x128.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>GRAHAM HOUSE ADVERTISEMENT IN A <a href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn83030213\/1842-08-03\/ed-1\/seq-3\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">3 August 1842<\/a> NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_Travelers-_Gentlemen_visiting_this_City_are_respectfully_invited_to_stop_at_the_GRAHAM_HOUSE_63_Barclay-street_where_a_quiet_home_pleasant_rooms_clean_beds_wholesome_food_and_an_atmosphere_unpoisoned_by_alcohol_or_tobacco_await_their_acceptance_Those_who_be-_lieve_it_impossible_to_live_on_a_rigidly_temperate_and_purely_Vegetable_Diet_without_severe_privation_are_requested_to_give_it_one_trial_The_house_is_very_convenient_to_the_busi-_ness_part_of_the_City_and_to_all_the_Steamboat_Landings_%E2%80%94_Terms_moderate_Gentlemen_visiting_the_City_with_a_part_of_their_Families_will_find_such_a_home_vastly_more_agreea-_ble_than_a_Hotel_Shower-Baths_free\"><\/span><strong>To Travelers.- Gentlemen visiting this City are<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> respectfully invited to stop at the GRAHAM HOUSE, 63<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Barclay-street, where a quiet home, pleasant rooms, clean<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> beds, wholesome food, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">and an atmosphere unpoisoned by<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> alcohol or tobacco<\/span>, await their acceptance. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Those who be-<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> <strong> lieve it impossible to live on a rigidly temperate and purely<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> <strong> Vegetable Diet without severe privation are requested to<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> give it one trial.<\/span> The house is very convenient to the busi-<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> ness part of the City and to all the Steamboat Landings. &#8212;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Terms moderate. Gentlemen visiting the City with a part<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> of their Families will find such a home vastly more agreea-<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> ble than a Hotel. Shower-Baths free.\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-13\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sometime_after_her_husbands_death_Asenath_sailed_to_Ireland_serving_as_a_missionary_among_the_rural_poor_and_publishing_two_valuable_memoirs_of_the_devastating_Irish_famine\"><\/span>Sometime after her husband&#8217;s death, Asenath sailed to Ireland, serving as a missionary among the rural poor and publishing two valuable memoirs of the devastating Irish famine.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/irishgenocide.webs.com\/apps\/forums\/topics\/show\/2742827\" title=\"She described herself walking through Dublin each morning distributing slices of bread from a large basket. She worked out of her own soup kitchen in the Liberties, an area she selected for its extreme poverty. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Asenath in Ireland<\/a>.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"She_described_herself_walking_through_Dublin_each_morning_distributing_slices_of_bread_from_a_large_basket_She_worked_out_of_her_own_soup_kitchen_in_the_Liberties_an_area_she_selected_for_its_extreme_poverty_The_Quakers_sold_their_soup_for_a_penny_a_quart_Asenaths_food_was_gratis_however_she_operated_on_a_triage_system_She_decided_that_10_divided_among_100_people_helped_no_one_so_she_committed_herself_to_a_particular_group_of_families_for_whom_she_cooked_Indian_meal_daily_Asenath_stayed_in_Dublin_until_July_1847_when_she_left_for_Belfast_By_then_she_had_finished_her_book_Irelands_Welcome_to_the_Stranger_her_account_of_her_earlier_visit_written_to_encourage_readers_to_respond_to_Irelands_crisis\"><\/span>She described herself walking through Dublin each morning distributing slices of bread from a large basket. She worked out of her own soup kitchen in the Liberties, an area she selected for its extreme poverty.\u00a0The Quakers sold their soup for a penny a quart. Asenath\u2019s food was gratis; however, she operated on a triage system. She decided that \u00a310 divided among 100 people helped no one, so she committed herself to a particular group of families for whom she cooked Indian meal daily. Asenath stayed in Dublin until July 1847 when she left for Belfast. By then she had finished her book <em><strong>Ireland\u2019s Welcome to the Stranger<\/strong><\/em>, her account of her earlier visit written to encourage readers to respond to Ireland\u2019s crisis.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/The-Oxford-Encyclopedia-of-Food-and-Drink-in-America-Volume-1.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8318 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/The-Oxford-Encyclopedia-of-Food-and-Drink-in-America-Volume-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, Volume 1\" width=\"580\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/The-Oxford-Encyclopedia-of-Food-and-Drink-in-America-Volume-1.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/The-Oxford-Encyclopedia-of-Food-and-Drink-in-America-Volume-1-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Oxford_Encyclopedia_of_Food_and_Drink_in_America_Volume_1\"><\/span>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, Volume 1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4>edited by Andrew Smith, Bruce Kraig <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com.hk\/books?id=DOJMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PA534&amp;lpg=RA2-PA534&amp;dq=Asenath+Nicholson+vegetarian&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=eHxpJpt4NO&amp;sig=Spu1DOOGm2I_tyPiilCYFtboOxo&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Hrk4U6_DE6u0iQfOzYDABw&amp;ved=0CFEQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" title=\"Graham also spawned numerous vegetarian converts of his own, notably, Asenath Nicholson, an accomplished vegetarian cook.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">p 534<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Additional_useful_information_sources_on_Asenath_Nicholson_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>Additional useful information sources on Asenath Nicholson: &#8211;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/people.hofstra.edu\/alan_j_singer\/Docket\/docket\/5.1DNewYorkHistory.pdf\" title=\"Asenath Nicholson: A 19th Century Reformer by Maureen Murphy \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">http:\/\/people.hofstra.edu\/alan_j_singer\/Docket\/docket\/5.1DNewYorkHistory.pdf<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thefullwiki.org\/Sylvester_Graham\" title=\"A Temperance (or Graham) Boarding House was opened in New York City about 1832 by Mrs Asenath Nicholson, who published Nature's Own Book (2nd ed., 1835) giving Graham's rules for boarders; and in Boston a Graham House was opened in 1837 at 23 Brattle Street.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.thefullwiki.org\/Sylvester_Graham<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/multitext.ucc.ie\/d\/Asenath_Nicholson\" title=\"Asenath Nicholson. Missionary, philanthropist and traveller. She was born Asenath Hatch in the village of Chelsea, eastern Vermont, in the United States on 24 February 1792.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">http:\/\/multitext.ucc.ie\/d\/Asenath_Nicholson<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irishcentral.com\/roots\/the-good-samaritan-93281969-237694451.html\" title=\"In May 1844, Asenath Nicholson left New York aboard the Brooklyn to \u201cpersonally investigate the condition of the Irish poor.\u201d She had been a schoolteacher in Vermont and in New York, a proprietor of a vegetarian boarding house and a reformer who championed the causes of abolitionism and temperance. From her boarding house on the edge of New York\u2019s notorious Five Points, she worked among Irish immigrants. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.irishcentral.com\/IrishAmerica\/The-Good-Samaritan-93281969.html#ixzz1n5T9Q7K6<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"yiv2618539874yui_3_2_0_17_132896426128940\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-14\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/EBL_logo.jpg\" alt=\"EBL_logo\" width=\"290\" height=\"290\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>The Ernest Bell Library\u2019s<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0primary objectives are to: &#8211;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest. Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_very_briefly_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce, very briefly, all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>To undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_200_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 200 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Additional_items_are_being_continuously_added\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Additional items are being continuously added.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_1500_items_in_the_library_archives\"><\/span>There are currently more than 1,500 items in the library &amp; archives.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_working_seriously_on_cataloging_the_collection_as_when_funds_are_available\"><\/span>We are working seriously on cataloging the collection, as &amp; when funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\"><\/span>It is time for the library to go online.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-15\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Send_an_email_to_us_at_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>Send an email to us at :\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong>humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" title=\"Working to promote vegan businesses since 1978. Henry S. Salt Archive - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Humanitarian League - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Ernest Bell Library - archive manager. Collecting &amp; republishing historical material of vegetarianism and other humanitarian movements.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-16\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roswell_Goss_in_1845\"><\/span><strong>Roswell Goss in 1845<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Sheldon5.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8325\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Sheldon5.jpg\" alt=\"Sheldon5\" width=\"580\" height=\"241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Sheldon5.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/Sheldon5-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Sheldon &amp; Co.&#8217;s Business Or Advertising Directory:<\/strong> <\/em>Containing the Cards, Circulars, and Advertisements of the Principal Firms of the Cities of New-York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Etc., &#8211; 1845 &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com.hk\/books?id=8vRDAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA5&amp;dq=%22roswell+goss%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=nQQ5U_y6HKeRigfvr4DoBg&amp;ved=0CEAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=%22roswell%20goss%22&amp;f=false\" title=\"Sheldon &amp; Co.'s Business Or Advertising Directory: ... - Page 5\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Hotels p 5<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-17\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_death_of_Roswell_Goss\"><\/span><strong>The death of Roswell Goss<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/RoswellGoss.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/RoswellGoss.jpg\" alt=\"RoswellGoss\" width=\"580\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/RoswellGoss.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/RoswellGoss-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>The water cure in America : two hundred and twenty cases of various diseases treated with water<\/strong><\/em>, by Drs. Wesselhoeft, Shew, Bedortha, Shieferdecker, and others : with cases of domestic practice : notices of the water cure establishments : descriptive catalogue of hydropathic publications, etc. : designed for popular as well as professional reading (1848)<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/63941030R.nlm.nih.gov\" title=\"... the death of that worthy citizen and philanthropist, Roswell Goss, who kept for ....\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\"> p 175<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-18\"><\/span><strong>___________________________________________<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A little about New York&#8217;s &#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Five_Points,_Manhattan\" title=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Five_Points,_Manhattan\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Five Points<\/a>&#8216; district in the 1830s.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/SG2.jpg\" alt=\"SG2\" width=\"580\" height=\"655\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 align=\"center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_NEW-YORK_MIRROR_MAY_18_1833\"><\/span>THE NEW-YORK MIRROR, MAY 18, 1833<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1831-map-new-york-five-points.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/1831-map-new-york-five-points.jpg\" alt=\"1831-map-new-york-five-points\" width=\"580\" height=\"478\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1831_map_showing_Five_Points_within_the_Sixth_Ward\"><\/span><strong>1831 map showing Five Points within the Sixth Ward<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_name_Five_Points_was_derived_from_the_five-pointed_intersection_created_by_Orange_Street_now_Baxter_Street_and_Cross_Street_now_Mosco_Street_from_this_intersection_Anthony_Street_now_Worth_Street_began_and_ran_in_a_northwest_direction_creating_a_triangular-shaped_block_thus_the_fifth_%E2%80%9Cpoint%E2%80%9D_To_the_west_of_this_%E2%80%9Cpoint%E2%80%9D_ran_Little_Water_Street_which_no_longer_exists_north_to_south_creating_a_triangular_plot_which_would_become_known_as_Paradise_Square_or_Paradise_Park\"><\/span>The name Five Points was derived from the five-pointed intersection created by Orange Street (now Baxter Street) and Cross Street (now Mosco Street); from this intersection Anthony Street (now Worth Street) began and ran in a northwest direction, creating a triangular-shaped block thus the fifth &#8220;point&#8221;. To the west of this &#8220;point&#8221; ran Little Water Street (which no longer exists) north to south, creating a triangular plot which would become known as Paradise Square or Paradise Park.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Think &#8211; Daniel Day Lewis as\u00a0Bill &#8220;the Butcher&#8221; Cutting\u00a0 \u00a0in the 2002 movie &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangs_of_New_York\" title=\"Gangs of New York is a 2002 American historical drama film set in the mid-19th century in the Five Points district of Lower Manhattan. The film was directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Jay Cocks, Steven Zaillian, and Kenneth Lonergan, inspired by Herbert Asbury's 1928 non-fiction book, The Gangs of New York. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Gangs of New York<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/bill.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/bill.jpg\" alt=\"bill\" width=\"580\" height=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I add \u00a0bold red to some text to\u00a0emphasize vegan-ness. J ___________________________________________ ~ \u201cMy reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth\u00a0\u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication &#8211; is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man.\u00a0This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat.\u201d ~ &#8211;\u00a0Dr. William Lambe (1765-1848), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians &#8211; in his book &#8211;\u00a0\u201cWater and Vegetable Diet in Consumption, Scrofula, Cancer, Asthma, and Other Chronic Diseases\u201d\u00a0(1st Edition 1815)\u00a0 ___________________________________________ It surprises many people when they first find out that there were vegans in \u00a0London, England from as early as about\u00a01800\u00a0&amp; in\u00a0New York &amp; Boston in the US in the 1830s. They were publishing books &amp; magazines promoting vegan diets. They were actively networking across the Atlantic. They ran vegan guest houses with dining rooms open to the public (the first vegan &#8216;restaurants&#8217;). They ran vegan farm communities. They regularly gave public lectures. ___________________________________________ Five of my &#8216;favorite&#8217; people from the US from that era are &#8211; 1)\u00a0Sylvester Graham (1794 \u2013 1851), &amp;\u00a0his wife\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":8306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[1411,1402,1413,1412,1407,1410,1405,1409,1406,1404,1260,1408,1173],"class_list":["post-8088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-asenath-hatch","tag-asenath-nicholson","tag-five-points","tag-five-points-district","tag-graham-boarding-house","tag-grahamite","tag-grahams-plan-of-living","tag-irelands-welcome-to-the-stranger","tag-natures-own-book","tag-new-your-vegan","tag-sylvester-graham","tag-temperance-boarding-house","tag-vegan-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Asenath Nicholson - &#039;Vegan in New York&#039; in the 1830s - Missionary, Philanthropist And Traveler - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Asenath Nicholson - &#039;Vegan in New York&#039; in the 1830s - Missionary, Philanthropist And Traveler - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I add \u00a0bold red to some text to\u00a0emphasize vegan-ness. J ___________________________________________ ~ \u201cMy reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth\u00a0\u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication &#8211; is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man.\u00a0This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat.\u201d ~ &#8211;\u00a0Dr. William Lambe (1765-1848), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians &#8211; in his book &#8211;\u00a0\u201cWater and Vegetable Diet in Consumption, Scrofula, Cancer, Asthma, and Other Chronic Diseases\u201d\u00a0(1st Edition 1815)\u00a0 ___________________________________________ It surprises many people when they first find out that there were vegans in \u00a0London, England from as early as about\u00a01800\u00a0&amp; in\u00a0New York &amp; Boston in the US in the 1830s. They were publishing books &amp; magazines promoting vegan diets. They were actively networking across the Atlantic. They ran vegan guest houses with dining rooms open to the public (the first vegan &#8216;restaurants&#8217;). They ran vegan farm communities. They regularly gave public lectures. ___________________________________________ Five of my &#8216;favorite&#8217; people from the US from that era are &#8211; 1)\u00a0Sylvester Graham (1794 \u2013 1851), &amp;\u00a0his wife\u00a0 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-03-29T15:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-07T19:12:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/bill.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"248\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Asenath Nicholson &#8211; 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J ___________________________________________ ~ \u201cMy reason for objecting to every species of matter to be used as food, except the direct produce of the earth\u00a0\u2013 as maybe seen in my last publication &#8211; is founded on the broad ground that no other matter is suited to the organs of man.\u00a0This applies then with the same force to eggs, milk, cheese, and fish, as to flesh meat.\u201d ~ &#8211;\u00a0Dr. William Lambe (1765-1848), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians &#8211; in his book &#8211;\u00a0\u201cWater and Vegetable Diet in Consumption, Scrofula, Cancer, Asthma, and Other Chronic Diseases\u201d\u00a0(1st Edition 1815)\u00a0 ___________________________________________ It surprises many people when they first find out that there were vegans in \u00a0London, England from as early as about\u00a01800\u00a0&amp; in\u00a0New York &amp; Boston in the US in the 1830s. They were publishing books &amp; magazines promoting vegan diets. They were actively networking across the Atlantic. They ran vegan guest houses with dining rooms open to the public (the first vegan &#8216;restaurants&#8217;). They ran vegan farm communities. They regularly gave public lectures. ___________________________________________ Five of my &#8216;favorite&#8217; people from the US from that era are &#8211; 1)\u00a0Sylvester Graham (1794 \u2013 1851), &amp;\u00a0his wife\u00a0 [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/","og_site_name":"HappyCow","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow","article_published_time":"2014-03-29T15:00:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-07T19:12:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":580,"height":248,"url":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/bill.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"John Edmundson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@happycow","twitter_site":"@happycow","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"John Edmundson","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/asenath-nicholson-vegan-in-the-1830s-missionary-philanthropist-and-traveler\/"},"author":{"name":"John Edmundson","@id":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a"},"headline":"Asenath Nicholson &#8211; 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