{"id":6566,"date":"2013-12-21T09:36:35","date_gmt":"2013-12-21T17:36:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=6566"},"modified":"2020-05-21T16:13:43","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T23:13:43","slug":"a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/","title":{"rendered":"A Vegan Booklet of 1655 &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;don&#8217;t think about &#8216;almost five o&#8217;clock&#8217;!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab580.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6715 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab580.jpg\" alt=\"roger-crab580\" width=\"580\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab580-220x300.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_Crab_born_approx_1621_%E2%80%93_died_September_11_1680\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Roger Crab (born approx. 1621 \u2013 died September 11, 1680).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_is_the\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >Roger is the<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#very_first\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >very first<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#non-Asian\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >non-Asian<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%98vegan_pure_plant_eater\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >&#8216;vegan&#8217; \/ pure plant eater<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#that_we_have_come_across_to_date_in_our_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >that we have come across to date\u00a0in our research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_Crab_was_a_very_bizarre_Englishman_%E2%80%93_he_was_%E2%80%93_undefiled_with_blood_%E2%80%93_see_below_for_his_full_epitaph_He_was_living_a_very_%E2%80%98alternative_%E2%80%98close_to_vegan_lifestyle_more_than_350_years_ago\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >Roger Crab was a very bizarre Englishman &#8211; he was &#8211;\u00a0undefiled with blood\u00a0&#8211; see below for his full epitaph.\u00a0He was living a very &#8216;alternative&#8217; &amp; &#8216;close to vegan&#8217; lifestyle more than 350 years ago.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_had_fought_in_the_Parliamentary_Army_in_the_English_Civil_War_which_ran_from_1642_to_1651_before_becoming_a_haberdasher_either_with_a_shop_that_sells_mens_clothes_%E2%80%93_or_shop_that_sells_small_items_such_as_needles_and_thread_that_are_used_to_make_clothes_in_Chesham_England\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >Roger had fought in the Parliamentary Army in the English Civil War (which ran from 1642 to 1651) before becoming a haberdasher (either with a shop that sells men&#8217;s clothes &#8211; or shop that sells small items such as needles and thread that are used to make clothes)\u00a0in Chesham, England.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#He_later_became_a_hermit_and_worked_as_a_herbal_doctor_1\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >He later became a hermit and worked as a herbal doctor. (1)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#He_is_best_known_for_this_delightfully_eccentric_wonderfully_titled_booklet\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >He is best known for this delightfully eccentric &amp; wonderfully titled booklet.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#The_booklet_details_Rogers_lifestyle\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >The booklet details Roger&#8217;s lifestyle.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#He_had_fully_%E2%80%98dropped_out_of_the_rat_race\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >He had fully &#8216;dropped out&#8217; of the rat race.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#The_first_page_lists_his_%E2%80%98vegan_diet\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >The first page lists his &#8216;vegan&#8217; diet:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#His_constant_food_is_Roots_and_Hearbs_as_Cabbage_Turneps_Carrets_Dock-leaves_and_Grasse_also_Bread_and_Bran_without_Butter_or_Cheese\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >His constant food is Roots and Hearbs, as Cabbage, Turneps, Carrets, Dock-leaves, and Grasse; also Bread and Bran, without Butter or Cheese.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_has_a_copy_of_an_1843_reprint_of_the_1655_booklet\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0has a copy of an 1843 reprint of the 1655 booklet.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#The_woodcut_print_of_Roger_Crab_in_this_1843_edition_has_been_badly_cropped\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >The woodcut print \u00a0of Roger Crab in this 1843 edition has been badly cropped.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#We_were_recently_fortunate_to_obtain_a_much_better_reproduction_of_the_print_the_image_at_the_top_of_this_post_from_a_badly_damaged_copy_of_this_book_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >We were recently fortunate to obtain a much better reproduction of the print (the image at the top of this post) from a badly damaged copy of this book: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Portraits_memoirs_and_characters_of_remarkable_persons_from_the_reign_of_Edward_the_Third_to_the_Revolution_collected_from_the_most_authentic_accounts_extant\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >Portraits, memoirs, and characters of remarkable persons, from the reign of Edward the Third, to the Revolution : collected from the most authentic accounts extant\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#by_James_Caulfield_3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >by James Caulfield.\u00a0(3)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#A_new_edition_completing_the_twelfth_class_of_Grangers_Biographical_history_of_England_with_many_additional_rare_portraits\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >A new edition, completing the twelfth class of Granger&#8217;s Biographical history of England, with many additional rare portraits.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#London_Printed_for_S_Kirby_%E2%80%A6_1813\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >London : Printed for S. Kirby &#8230;, 1813.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%93_a_copy_which_a_bookdealer_was_breaking_up\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >&#8211; a copy which a bookdealer was breaking up.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#In_the_print_Roger_is_pictured_in_his_garden_wearing_his_sackcloth_frockcoat_without_a_belt_or_sash_knee-length_breeches_shoes_and_a_shirt_He_wears_a_wide_brimmed_hat_His_cottage_a_mean_cottage_of_his_own_building_is_behind_him_you_can_only_see_a_part_of_the_roof_and_a_small_whisp_of_smoke\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >In the print Roger is pictured in his garden, wearing his sackcloth frockcoat without a belt or sash, knee-length breeches, shoes and a shirt. He wears a wide brimmed hat. His cottage (a mean cottage of his own building) is behind him, you can only see a part of the roof and a small whisp of smoke.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#We_plan_to_reprint_the_booklet_the_woodcut_as_soon_as_sufficient_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >We plan to reprint the booklet &amp; the woodcut, as soon as sufficient funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Contact_us_for_any_additional_information_%E2%80%93_humanitarianleagueatoutlookdotcom\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >Contact us for any additional information &#8211;\u00a0humanitarianleague(at)outlook(dot)com<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#More_about_The_Ernest_Bell_Library_%E2%80%93_https_wwwhappycownetblogremembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >More about The Ernest Bell Library &#8211;\u00a0https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Some_more_about_Roger_%E2%80%93_from_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >Some more about Roger &#8211; from here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_Crab_gent_one_of_the_old_celebrities_of_Bethnal_Green_and_who_was_buried_at_Stepney_September_14_1680_was_one_of_the_eccentric_characters_of_the_seventeenth_century_The_most_we_know_of_him_is_from_a_pamphlet_now_very_rare_written_principally_by_himself_and_entitled_%E2%80%9CThe_English_Hermit_or_the_Wonder_of_the_Age%E2%80%9D_It_appears_from_this_publication_that_he_had_served_seven_years_in_the_Parliamentary_army_and_had_his_skull_cloven_to_the_brain_in_their_service_for_which_he_was_so_ill_requited_that_he_was_once_sentenced_to_death_by_the_Lord_Protector_and_afterwards_suffered_two_years_imprisonment_When_he_had_obtained_his_release_he_set_up_a_shop_at_Chesham_as_a_haberdasher_of_hats_He_had_not_been_long_settled_there_before_he_began_to_imbibe_a_strange_notion_that_it_was_a_sin_against_his_body_and_soul_to_eat_any_sort_of_flesh_fish_or_living_creature_or_to_drink_wine_ale_or_beer_Thinking_himself_at_the_same_time_obliged_to_follow_literally_the_injunction_to_the_young_man_in_the_Gospel_he_quitted_business_and_disposing_of_his_property_gave_it_to_the_poor_reserving_to_himself_only_a_small_cottage_at_Ickenham_where_he_resided_and_a_rood_of_land_for_a_garden_on_the_produce_of_which_he_subsisted_at_the_expense_of_three_farthings_a_week_his_food_being_bran_herbs_roots_dockleaves_mallows_and_grass_his_drink_water_How_such_an_extraordinary_change_of_diet_agreed_with_his_constitution_the_following_passage_from_his_pamphlet_will_show_and_give_at_the_same_time_a_specimen_of_the_work_%E2%80%94\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >Roger Crab, gent., one of the old celebrities of Bethnal Green, and who was buried at Stepney, September 14, 1680, was one of the eccentric characters of the seventeenth century. The most we know of him is from a pamphlet, now very rare, written principally by himself, and entitled, &#8220;The English Hermit; or, the Wonder of the Age.&#8221; It appears from this publication that he had served seven years in the Parliamentary army, and had his skull cloven to the brain in their service; for which he was so ill requited that he was once sentenced to death by the Lord Protector, and afterwards suffered two years&#8217; imprisonment. When he had obtained his release he set up a shop at Chesham as a haberdasher of hats. He had not been long settled there before he began to imbibe a strange notion, that it was a sin against his body and soul to eat any sort of flesh, fish, or living creature, or to drink wine, ale, or beer. Thinking himself at the same time obliged to follow literally the injunction to the young man in the Gospel, he quitted business, and disposing of his property, gave it to the poor, reserving to himself only a small cottage at Ickenham, where he resided, and a rood of land for a garden, on the produce of which he subsisted at the expense of three farthings a week, his food being bran, herbs, roots, dockleaves, mallows, and grass; his drink, water. How such an extraordinary change of diet agreed with his constitution the following passage from his pamphlet will show, and give, at the same time, a specimen of the work:\u2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%9D_Instead_of_strong_drinks_and_wines_I_give_the_old_man_a_cup_of_water_and_instead_of_rost_mutton_and_rabbets_and_other_dainty_dishes_I_give_him_broth_thickened_with_bran_and_pudding_made_with_bran_and_turnip-leaves_chopt_together_and_grass_at_which_the_old_man_meaning_my_body_being_moved_would_know_what_he_had_done_that_I_used_him_so_hardly_then_I_showd_him_his_transgression_so_the_warres_began_the_law_of_the_old_man_in_my_fleshly_members_rebelled_against_the_law_of_my_mind_and_had_a_shrewd_skirmish_but_the_mind_being_well_enlightened_held_it_so_that_the_old_man_grew_sick_and_weak_with_the_flux_like_to_fall_to_the_dust_but_the_wonderful_love_of_God_well_pleased_with_the_battle_raised_him_up_again_and_filled_him_full_of_love_peace_and_content_of_mind_and_he_is_now_become_more_humble_for_now_he_will_eat_dock-leaves_mallows_or_grass%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >&#8221; Instead of strong drinks and wines, I give the old man a cup of water; and instead of rost mutton and rabbets, and other dainty dishes, I give him broth thickened with bran, and pudding made with bran and turnip-leaves chopt together, and grass; at which the old man (meaning my body), being moved, would know what he had done, that I used him so hardly; then I show&#8217;d him his transgression: so the warres began; the law of the old man in my fleshly members rebelled against the law of my mind, and had a shrewd skirmish; but the mind, being well enlightened, held it so that the old man grew sick and weak with the flux, like to fall to the dust; but the wonderful love of God, well pleased with the battle, raised him up again, and filled him full of love, peace, and content of mind, and he is now become more humble; for now he will eat dock-leaves, mallows, or grass.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#The_pamphlet_was_published_in_1655_Prefixed_to_it_is_a_portrait_of_the_author_cut_in_wood_which_from_its_rarity_bears_a_very_high_price\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >The pamphlet was published in 1655. Prefixed to it is a portrait of the author, cut in wood, which, from its rarity, bears a very high price.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Roger_Crabs_grave_%E2%80%93_http_wwwfindagravecomcgi-binfgcgipagegr_GRid72925278\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >Roger Crab&#8217;s grave &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/cgi-bin\/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=72925278<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#His_actual_grave_is_no_longer_seen_but_the_slab_was_imbedded_in_the_walkway_Wikipedia_has_a_transcription_of_his_epitaph\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >His actual grave is no longer seen, but the slab was imbedded in the walkway. Wikipedia has a transcription of his epitaph.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%9CTread_gently_reader_near_the_dust_Committed_to_this_tomb-stones_trust_For_while_twas_flesh_it_held_a_guest_With_universal_love_possest_A_soul_that_stemmed_opinions_tide_Did_over_sects_in_triumph_ride_Yet_separate_from_the_giddy_crowd_And_paths_tradition_had_allowed_Through_good_and_ill_reports_he_past_Oft_censured_yet_approved_at_last_Wouldst_thou_his_religion_know_In_brief_twas_this_to_all_to_do_Just_as_he_would_be_done_unto_So_in_kind_Natures_law_he_stood_A_temple_undefiled_with_blood_A_friend_to_everything_that_%E2%80%98s_good_The_rest_angels_alone_can_fitly_tell_Haste_then_to_them_and_him_and_so_farewell\" >&#8220;Tread gently, reader, near the dust \nCommitted to this tomb-stone&#8217;s trust: \nFor while &#8217;twas flesh, it held a guest \nWith universal love possest: \nA soul that stemmed opinion&#8217;s tide, \nDid over sects in triumph ride; \nYet separate from the giddy crowd, \nAnd paths tradition had allowed. \nThrough good and ill reports he past, \nOft censured, yet approved at last. \nWouldst thou his religion know? \nIn brief &#8217;twas this: to all to do \nJust as he would be done unto. \nSo in kind Nature&#8217;s law he stood, \nA temple, undefiled with blood, \nA friend to everything that &#8216;s good. \nThe rest angels alone can fitly tell; \nHaste then to them and him; and so farewell!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#Notes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#1_Wiki_%E2%80%93_http_enwikipediaorgwikiRoger_Crab\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >(1) Wiki &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Crab<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#2_Other_versions_of_%E2%80%93_1_Corinthians_8_13_%E2%80%93_http_pbiblecomversions46-1co-008-013html\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >(2) Other versions of &#8211; 1 Corinthians 8:13 &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/pbible.com\/versions\/46-1co-008-013.html<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#3_Caulfield_James_1764-1826_%E2%80%93_http_enwikipediaorgwikiJames_Caulfield\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >(3) Caulfield, James, 1764-1826. &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Caulfield<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#4_An_excellent_article_by_John_Davis_on_Roger_Crab_much_more_Medieval_Mindsets_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%98Vegans_In_The_Middle_Ages_%E2%80%93_http_wwwvegsourcecomjohn-davismedieval-mindsets-vegans-in-the-middle-ageshtml\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >(4)\u00a0An excellent article by John Davis on Roger Crab &amp; much more.\u00a0Medieval Mindsets &#8211; &#8216;Vegans&#8217; In The Middle Ages &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/medieval-mindsets-vegans-in-the-middle-ages.html<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roger_Crab_born_approx_1621_%E2%80%93_died_September_11_1680\"><\/span><strong>Roger Crab (born approx. 1621 \u2013 died September 11, 1680).<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roger_is_the\"><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Roger is the <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"very_first\"><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">very first <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"non-Asian\"><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">non-Asian<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98vegan_pure_plant_eater\"><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8216;vegan&#8217; \/ pure plant eater <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"that_we_have_come_across_to_date_in_our_research\"><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">that we have come across to date\u00a0in our research.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roger_Crab_was_a_very_bizarre_Englishman_%E2%80%93_he_was_%E2%80%93_undefiled_with_blood_%E2%80%93_see_below_for_his_full_epitaph_He_was_living_a_very_%E2%80%98alternative_%E2%80%98close_to_vegan_lifestyle_more_than_350_years_ago\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Roger Crab was a very bizarre Englishman &#8211; he was &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em>undefiled with blood<\/em><\/span>\u00a0&#8211; see below for his full epitaph.\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">He was living a very &#8216;alternative&#8217; &amp; &#8216;close to vegan&#8217; lifestyle more than 350 years ago.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roger_had_fought_in_the_Parliamentary_Army_in_the_English_Civil_War_which_ran_from_1642_to_1651_before_becoming_a_haberdasher_either_with_a_shop_that_sells_mens_clothes_%E2%80%93_or_shop_that_sells_small_items_such_as_needles_and_thread_that_are_used_to_make_clothes_in_Chesham_England\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Roger had fought in the Parliamentary Army in the English Civil War (which ran from 1642 to 1651) before becoming a haberdasher <\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">(either with a shop that sells men&#8217;s clothes &#8211; or shop that sells small items such as needles and thread that are used to make clothes)<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u00a0in Chesham, England.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_later_became_a_hermit_and_worked_as_a_herbal_doctor_1\"><\/span>He later became a hermit and worked as a herbal doctor. (1)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_is_best_known_for_this_delightfully_eccentric_wonderfully_titled_booklet\"><\/span>He is best known for this delightfully eccentric &amp; wonderfully titled booklet.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1655-580.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-6716\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1655-580-566x1024.jpg\" alt=\"roger-crab_1655-580\" width=\"566\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1655-580-566x1024.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1655-580-166x300.jpg 166w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1655-580.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_booklet_details_Rogers_lifestyle\"><\/span>The booklet details Roger&#8217;s lifestyle.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_had_fully_%E2%80%98dropped_out_of_the_rat_race\"><\/span>He had fully &#8216;dropped out&#8217; of the rat race.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_first_page_lists_his_%E2%80%98vegan_diet\"><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">The first page lists his &#8216;vegan&#8217; diet:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"His_constant_food_is_Roots_and_Hearbs_as_Cabbage_Turneps_Carrets_Dock-leaves_and_Grasse_also_Bread_and_Bran_without_Butter_or_Cheese\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>His constant food is Roots and Hearbs, as Cabbage, Turneps, Carrets, Dock-leaves, and Grasse; also Bread and Bran, without Butter or Cheese.<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Ernest_Bell_Library_has_a_copy_of_an_1843_reprint_of_the_1655_booklet\"><\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong>The Ernest Bell Library<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">has a copy of an 1843 reprint of the 1655 booklet.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1843-580.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-6717 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1843-580.jpg\" alt=\"roger-crab_1843-580\" width=\"580\" height=\"921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1843-580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_1843-580-189x300.jpg 189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_woodcut_print_of_Roger_Crab_in_this_1843_edition_has_been_badly_cropped\"><\/span>The woodcut print \u00a0of Roger Crab in this 1843 edition has been badly cropped.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_were_recently_fortunate_to_obtain_a_much_better_reproduction_of_the_print_the_image_at_the_top_of_this_post_from_a_badly_damaged_copy_of_this_book_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We were recently fortunate to obtain a much better reproduction of the print (the image at the top of this post) from a badly damaged copy of this book: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Portraits_memoirs_and_characters_of_remarkable_persons_from_the_reign_of_Edward_the_Third_to_the_Revolution_collected_from_the_most_authentic_accounts_extant\"><\/span><em><strong>Portraits, memoirs, and characters of remarkable persons, from the reign of Edward the Third, to the Revolution<\/strong> : collected from the most authentic accounts extant\u00a0<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"by_James_Caulfield_3\"><\/span><em>by James Caulfield.\u00a0(3)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_new_edition_completing_the_twelfth_class_of_Grangers_Biographical_history_of_England_with_many_additional_rare_portraits\"><\/span><em>A new edition, completing the twelfth class of Granger&#8217;s Biographical history of England, with many additional rare portraits.<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"London_Printed_for_S_Kirby_%E2%80%A6_1813\"><\/span><em>London : Printed for S. Kirby &#8230;, 1813.<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_a_copy_which_a_bookdealer_was_breaking_up\"><\/span>&#8211; a copy which a bookdealer was breaking up.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_the_print_Roger_is_pictured_in_his_garden_wearing_his_sackcloth_frockcoat_without_a_belt_or_sash_knee-length_breeches_shoes_and_a_shirt_He_wears_a_wide_brimmed_hat_His_cottage_a_mean_cottage_of_his_own_building_is_behind_him_you_can_only_see_a_part_of_the_roof_and_a_small_whisp_of_smoke\"><\/span>In the print Roger is pictured in his garden, wearing his sackcloth frockcoat without a belt or sash, knee-length breeches, shoes and a shirt. He wears a wide brimmed hat. His cottage (<em>a mean cottage of his own building<\/em>) is behind him, you can only see a part of the roof and a small whisp of smoke.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_plan_to_reprint_the_booklet_the_woodcut_as_soon_as_sufficient_funds_are_available\"><\/span>We plan to reprint the booklet &amp; the woodcut, as soon as sufficient funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contact_us_for_any_additional_information_%E2%80%93_humanitarianleagueatoutlookdotcom\"><\/span>Contact us for any additional information &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>humanitarianleague(at)outlook(dot)com<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>More about The Ernest Bell Library &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Some more about Roger &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/old-new-london\/vol2\/pp137-142\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">from here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roger_Crab_gent_one_of_the_old_celebrities_of_Bethnal_Green_and_who_was_buried_at_Stepney_September_14_1680_was_one_of_the_eccentric_characters_of_the_seventeenth_century_The_most_we_know_of_him_is_from_a_pamphlet_now_very_rare_written_principally_by_himself_and_entitled_%E2%80%9CThe_English_Hermit_or_the_Wonder_of_the_Age%E2%80%9D_It_appears_from_this_publication_that_he_had_served_seven_years_in_the_Parliamentary_army_and_had_his_skull_cloven_to_the_brain_in_their_service_for_which_he_was_so_ill_requited_that_he_was_once_sentenced_to_death_by_the_Lord_Protector_and_afterwards_suffered_two_years_imprisonment_When_he_had_obtained_his_release_he_set_up_a_shop_at_Chesham_as_a_haberdasher_of_hats_He_had_not_been_long_settled_there_before_he_began_to_imbibe_a_strange_notion_that_it_was_a_sin_against_his_body_and_soul_to_eat_any_sort_of_flesh_fish_or_living_creature_or_to_drink_wine_ale_or_beer_Thinking_himself_at_the_same_time_obliged_to_follow_literally_the_injunction_to_the_young_man_in_the_Gospel_he_quitted_business_and_disposing_of_his_property_gave_it_to_the_poor_reserving_to_himself_only_a_small_cottage_at_Ickenham_where_he_resided_and_a_rood_of_land_for_a_garden_on_the_produce_of_which_he_subsisted_at_the_expense_of_three_farthings_a_week_his_food_being_bran_herbs_roots_dockleaves_mallows_and_grass_his_drink_water_How_such_an_extraordinary_change_of_diet_agreed_with_his_constitution_the_following_passage_from_his_pamphlet_will_show_and_give_at_the_same_time_a_specimen_of_the_work_%E2%80%94\"><\/span>Roger Crab, gent., one of the old celebrities of Bethnal Green, and who was buried at Stepney, September 14, 1680, was one of the eccentric characters of the seventeenth century. The most we know of him is from a pamphlet, now very rare, written principally by himself, and entitled, &#8220;The English Hermit; or, the Wonder of the Age.&#8221; It appears from this publication that he had served seven years in the Parliamentary army, and had his skull cloven to the brain in their service; for which he was so ill requited that he was once sentenced to death by the Lord Protector, and afterwards suffered two years&#8217; imprisonment. When he had obtained his release he set up a shop at Chesham as a haberdasher of hats. He had not been long settled there before he began to imbibe a strange notion, that it was a sin against his body and soul to eat any sort of flesh, fish, or living creature, or to drink wine, ale, or beer. Thinking himself at the same time obliged to follow literally the injunction to the young man in the Gospel, he quitted business, and disposing of his property, gave it to the poor, reserving to himself only a small cottage at Ickenham, where he resided, and a rood of land for a garden, on the produce of which he subsisted at the expense of three farthings a week, his food being bran, herbs, roots, dockleaves, mallows, and grass; his drink, water. How such an extraordinary change of diet agreed with his constitution the following passage from his pamphlet will show, and give, at the same time, a specimen of the work:\u2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9D_Instead_of_strong_drinks_and_wines_I_give_the_old_man_a_cup_of_water_and_instead_of_rost_mutton_and_rabbets_and_other_dainty_dishes_I_give_him_broth_thickened_with_bran_and_pudding_made_with_bran_and_turnip-leaves_chopt_together_and_grass_at_which_the_old_man_meaning_my_body_being_moved_would_know_what_he_had_done_that_I_used_him_so_hardly_then_I_showd_him_his_transgression_so_the_warres_began_the_law_of_the_old_man_in_my_fleshly_members_rebelled_against_the_law_of_my_mind_and_had_a_shrewd_skirmish_but_the_mind_being_well_enlightened_held_it_so_that_the_old_man_grew_sick_and_weak_with_the_flux_like_to_fall_to_the_dust_but_the_wonderful_love_of_God_well_pleased_with_the_battle_raised_him_up_again_and_filled_him_full_of_love_peace_and_content_of_mind_and_he_is_now_become_more_humble_for_now_he_will_eat_dock-leaves_mallows_or_grass%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8221; Instead of strong drinks and wines, I give the old man a cup of water; and instead of rost mutton and rabbets, and other dainty dishes, I give him broth thickened with bran, and pudding made with bran and turnip-leaves chopt together, and grass; at which the old man (meaning my body), being moved, would know what he had done, that I used him so hardly; then I show&#8217;d him his transgression: so the warres began; the law of the old man in my fleshly members rebelled against the law of my mind, and had a shrewd skirmish; but the mind, being well enlightened, held it so that the old man grew sick and weak with the flux, like to fall to the dust; but the wonderful love of God, well pleased with the battle, raised him up again, and filled him full of love, peace, and content of mind, and he is now become more humble; for now he will eat dock-leaves, mallows, or grass.&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_pamphlet_was_published_in_1655_Prefixed_to_it_is_a_portrait_of_the_author_cut_in_wood_which_from_its_rarity_bears_a_very_high_price\"><\/span>The pamphlet was published in 1655. Prefixed to it is a portrait of the author, cut in wood, which, from its rarity, bears a very high price.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4>Roger Crab&#8217;s grave &#8211;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/cgi-bin\/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=72925278\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.findagrave.com\/cgi-bin\/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=72925278<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"His_actual_grave_is_no_longer_seen_but_the_slab_was_imbedded_in_the_walkway_Wikipedia_has_a_transcription_of_his_epitaph\"><\/span>His actual grave is no longer seen, but the slab was imbedded in the walkway. Wikipedia has a transcription of his epitaph.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CTread_gently_reader_near_the_dust_Committed_to_this_tomb-stones_trust_For_while_twas_flesh_it_held_a_guest_With_universal_love_possest_A_soul_that_stemmed_opinions_tide_Did_over_sects_in_triumph_ride_Yet_separate_from_the_giddy_crowd_And_paths_tradition_had_allowed_Through_good_and_ill_reports_he_past_Oft_censured_yet_approved_at_last_Wouldst_thou_his_religion_know_In_brief_twas_this_to_all_to_do_Just_as_he_would_be_done_unto_So_in_kind_Natures_law_he_stood_A_temple_undefiled_with_blood_A_friend_to_everything_that_%E2%80%98s_good_The_rest_angels_alone_can_fitly_tell_Haste_then_to_them_and_him_and_so_farewell\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8220;Tread gently, reader, near the dust<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Committed to this tomb-stone&#8217;s trust:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">For while &#8217;twas flesh, it held a guest<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">With universal love possest:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">A soul that stemmed opinion&#8217;s tide,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Did over sects in triumph ride;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Yet separate from the giddy crowd,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">And paths tradition had allowed.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Through good and ill reports he past,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Oft censured, yet approved at last.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Wouldst thou his religion know?<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">In brief &#8217;twas this: to all to do<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Just as he would be done unto.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">So in kind Nature&#8217;s law he stood,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">A temple, undefiled with blood,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">A friend to everything that &#8216;s good.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">The rest angels alone can fitly tell;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Haste then to them and him; and so farewell!<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notes\"><\/span><strong>Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>(1) Wiki &#8211;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Crab\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Crab<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4>(2) Other versions of &#8211; 1 Corinthians 8:13 &#8211;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pbible.com\/versions\/46-1co-008-013.html\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/pbible.com\/versions\/46-1co-008-013.html<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4>(3) Caulfield, James, 1764-1826. &#8211;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Caulfield\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Caulfield<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4>(4)\u00a0An excellent article by John Davis on Roger Crab &amp; much more.\u00a0Medieval Mindsets &#8211; &#8216;Vegans&#8217; In The Middle Ages &#8211;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/medieval-mindsets-vegans-in-the-middle-ages.html\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/medieval-mindsets-vegans-in-the-middle-ages.html<\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Roger Crab (born approx. 1621 \u2013 died September 11, 1680). Roger is the very first non-Asian &#8216;vegan&#8217; \/ pure plant eater that we have come across to date\u00a0in our research. Roger Crab was a very bizarre Englishman &#8211; he was &#8211;\u00a0undefiled with blood\u00a0&#8211; see below for his full epitaph.\u00a0He was living a very &#8216;alternative&#8217; &amp; &#8216;close to vegan&#8217; lifestyle more than 350 years ago. Roger had fought in the Parliamentary Army in the English Civil War (which ran from 1642 to 1651) before becoming a haberdasher (either with a shop that sells men&#8217;s clothes &#8211; or shop that sells small items such as needles and thread that are used to make clothes)\u00a0in Chesham, England. He later became a hermit and worked as a herbal doctor. (1) He is best known for this delightfully eccentric &amp; wonderfully titled booklet. The booklet details Roger&#8217;s lifestyle. He had fully &#8216;dropped out&#8217; of the rat race. The first page lists his &#8216;vegan&#8217; diet: His constant food is Roots and Hearbs, as Cabbage, Turneps, Carrets, Dock-leaves, and Grasse; also Bread and Bran, without Butter or Cheese. The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0has a copy of an 1843 reprint of the 1655 booklet. The woodcut print \u00a0of Roger [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":6720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[1152,1216,112,1173,579,16,245],"class_list":["post-6566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-roger-crab","tag-vegan-diet","tag-vegan-history","tag-vegan-recipes","tag-veganism","tag-vegetarianism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Vegan Booklet of 1655 - ......don&#039;t think about &#039;almost five o&#039;clock&#039;! - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Vegan Booklet of 1655 - ......don&#039;t think about &#039;almost five o&#039;clock&#039;! - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Roger Crab (born approx. 1621 \u2013 died September 11, 1680). Roger is the very first non-Asian &#8216;vegan&#8217; \/ pure plant eater that we have come across to date\u00a0in our research. Roger Crab was a very bizarre Englishman &#8211; he was &#8211;\u00a0undefiled with blood\u00a0&#8211; see below for his full epitaph.\u00a0He was living a very &#8216;alternative&#8217; &amp; &#8216;close to vegan&#8217; lifestyle more than 350 years ago. Roger had fought in the Parliamentary Army in the English Civil War (which ran from 1642 to 1651) before becoming a haberdasher (either with a shop that sells men&#8217;s clothes &#8211; or shop that sells small items such as needles and thread that are used to make clothes)\u00a0in Chesham, England. He later became a hermit and worked as a herbal doctor. (1) He is best known for this delightfully eccentric &amp; wonderfully titled booklet. The booklet details Roger&#8217;s lifestyle. He had fully &#8216;dropped out&#8217; of the rat race. The first page lists his &#8216;vegan&#8217; diet: His constant food is Roots and Hearbs, as Cabbage, Turneps, Carrets, Dock-leaves, and Grasse; also Bread and Bran, without Butter or Cheese. The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0has a copy of an 1843 reprint of the 1655 booklet. The woodcut print \u00a0of Roger [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-12-21T17:36:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-21T23:13:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_banner.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"451\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"203\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"A Vegan Booklet of 1655 &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;don&#8217;t think about &#8216;almost five o&#8217;clock&#8217;!\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-12-21T17:36:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-21T23:13:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\"},\"wordCount\":1090,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/roger-crab_banner.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Ernest Bell Library\",\"roger crab\",\"vegan diet\",\"vegan history\",\"vegan recipes\",\"Veganism\",\"vegetarianism\"],\"articleSection\":[\"General\",\"vegan history\",\"vegetarian history\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/a-vegan-booklet-of-1655-dont-think-about-almost-five-oclock\/\",\"name\":\"A Vegan Booklet of 1655 - ......don't think about 'almost five o'clock'! 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