{"id":17020,"date":"2016-07-19T03:11:49","date_gmt":"2016-07-19T10:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=17020"},"modified":"2016-07-25T02:06:45","modified_gmt":"2016-07-25T09:06:45","slug":"should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/","title":{"rendered":"Should The Vegetarian Movement Be Reformed? Donald Watson"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/DW1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Donald_Watson_Reads_1st_copy_of_Vegan_News_%E2%80%93_later_to_become_The_Vegan_Picture_by_Joseph_Connolly\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Donald Watson Reads 1st copy of Vegan News &#8211; later to become The Vegan. Picture by Joseph Connolly.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9CThe_great_need_is_for_the_movement_to_accept_a_logical_and_consistent_objective_to_which_all_can_aim_and_then_use_its_energies_to_make_the_realisation_of_the_objective_possible_easy_and_safe%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Donald_Watson\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >&#8220;The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe.&#8221; &#8211; Donald Watson<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Today_we_are_sharing_an_article_by_Donald_Watson_It_dates_from_early_1948_The_topics_which_Donald_Watson_raised_discussed_in_1948_are_still_relevant_today_He_liked_success_results_He_liked_inclusivity_He_worked_closely_with_all_manner_of_people_to_promote_full_vegetarianism_veganism_plant-based_living\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >Today, we are sharing an article by Donald Watson. It dates from early 1948. The topics\u00a0which\u00a0Donald Watson\u00a0raised \/ discussed in 1948\u00a0are still\u00a0relevant today. He liked success \/ results. He\u00a0liked inclusivity. He worked closely with all manner of people to promote full vegetarianism \/ veganism \/ plant-based living.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Is_it_time_now_in_2016_to_retire_the_words_vegetarian_vegetarianism_%E2%80%93_vegan_veganism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >Is it time now, in 2016, to retire the words vegetarian &amp; vegetarianism &#8211; vegan &amp; veganism?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Notes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >Notes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#1_We_have_corrected_obvious_errors_in_the_version_of_this_1948_article_by_Donald_Watson_which_is_also_posted_%E2%80%93_here_We_do_not_have_access_to_an_original_printed_copy_at_this_time_this_linked_article_was_our_source\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >1) We have corrected obvious errors\u00a0in the version of this 1948 article by Donald Watson, which is also posted\u00a0&#8211; here. We do not have access to an original printed copy at this time, this linked article was our source.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#2_Phrases_are_highlighted_in_brown_font_and_notes_are_added_to_clarify_historical_points_which_everyone_may_not_be_familiar_with\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >2) Phrases are highlighted in brown font\u00a0and notes are added, to clarify historical points which everyone may not be familiar with.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#3_See_a_related_article_by_W_S_James_also_from_the_Spring_of_1948_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >3)\u00a0See a\u00a0related article by W. S, James, also from the Spring of 1948\u00a0&#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#No_1_Vol_2_%E2%80%93_THE_VEGETARIAN_%E2%80%93_SPRING_1948_pp23-27\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >No. 1 Vol. 2 &#8211; THE VEGETARIAN &#8211; SPRING 1948 pp.23-27<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#SHOULD_THE_VEGETARIAN_MOVEMENT_BE_REFORMED_by_Donald_Watson\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >SHOULD THE VEGETARIAN MOVEMENT BE REFORMED? by Donald Watson<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_proposal_to_amalgamate_the_two_national_vegetarian_societies_of_Great_Britain_in_the_hope_that_unity_would_give_greater_strength_carries_no_guarantee_that_the_hope_would_be_realised_in_practice_Two_societies_working_separately_and_amicably_are_to_be_preferred_to_a_union_that_would_probably_be_unpopular_with_both_through_disturbing_long-established_loyalties\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >The proposal to amalgamate the two national vegetarian societies of Great Britain in the hope that unity would give greater strength, carries no guarantee that the hope would be realised in practice. Two societies working separately and amicably are to be preferred to a union that would probably be unpopular with both through disturbing long-established loyalties.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cthe_two_national_vegetarian_societies%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_which_Donald_Watson_is_referring_to_are_The_Vegetarian_Society_based_in_Manchester_and_the_London_Vegetarian_Society_During_the_1950s_and_60s_the_two_vegetarian_societies_began_to_work_together_In_1958_their_two_magazines_merged_into_%E2%80%98The_British_Vegetarian_On_1st_October_1969_the_two_societies_amalgamated_to_form_The_Vegetarian_Society_of_the_United_Kingdom\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >\u201cthe two national vegetarian societies\u201d &#8211; which Donald Watson is referring to are, The Vegetarian Society (based in Manchester) and the London Vegetarian Society. During the 1950s and &#8217;60s the two vegetarian societies began to work together. In 1958 their two magazines merged into &#8216;The British Vegetarian&#8217;. On 1st October 1969, the two societies\u00a0amalgamated to form The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#More_important_than_the_nationalising_of_administration_appears_to_be_the_reforming_of_the_movement_itself_both_here_and_abroad_Every_movement_must_accept_the_need_for_occasional_overhaul_if_it_is_to_progress_and_meet_the_reasonable_criticism_of_its_opponents_If_a_plan_for_the_reform_of_the_vegetarian_movement_can_be_made_generally_acceptable_unified_administration_if_desired_should_be_easier_as_the_movement_will_be_starting_a_new_phase_of_its_evolution\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >More important than the nationalising of administration appears to be the reforming of the movement itself, both here and abroad. Every movement must accept the need for occasional overhaul if it is to progress and meet the reasonable criticism of its opponents. If a plan for the reform of the vegetarian movement can be made generally acceptable, unified administration, if desired, should be easier, as the movement will be starting a new phase of its evolution.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_need_for_considering_reform_is_suggested_by_the_fact_that_after_a_century_of_propaganda_not_one_person_in_a_thousand_is_a_vegetarian_This_may_not_be_the_fault_of_the_movement_but_it_is_the_duty_of_the_movement_to_make_sure_the_failure_lies_outside_itself_It_is_wrong_to_suppose_that_only_this_small_fraction_of_the_community_is_sufficiently_developed_morally_and_intellectually_to_accept_a_reform_promising_such_universal_advantages_If_there_have_been_offending_features_in_vegetarian_propaganda_or_if_the_claims_have_been_false_or_exaggerated_or_if_the_fatal_impression_of_priggishness_has_been_conveyed_these_should_be_corrected_To_be_strong_the_movement_must_consist_of_people_who_are_self-critical_truth_loving_scientific_careful_in_judgment_and_eager_to_yield_to_evidence_even_if_it_tends_to_weaken_their_case_Those_unable_or_unwilling_to_pass_such_a_test_are_a_liability_The_case_itself_must_be_impregnable_against_fair_criticism_and_its_presentation_should_be_guided_by_psychology\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >The need for considering reform is suggested by the fact that after a century of propaganda not one person in a thousand is a vegetarian. This may not be the fault of the movement, but it is the duty of the movement to make sure the failure lies outside itself. It is wrong to suppose that only this small fraction of the community is sufficiently developed morally and intellectually to accept a reform promising such universal advantages. If there have been offending features in vegetarian propaganda, or if the claims have been false or exaggerated, or if the fatal impression of priggishness has been conveyed, these should be corrected. To be strong, the movement must consist of people who are self-critical, truth loving, scientific, careful in judgment, and eager to yield to evidence even if it tends to weaken their case. Those unable or unwilling to pass such a test are a liability. The case itself must be impregnable against fair criticism, and its presentation should be guided by psychology.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cafter_a_century_of_propaganda%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_period_from_the_founding_of_The_Vegetarian_Society_in_1847_to_19478_when_Donald_Watson_wrote_this_article\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >\u201cafter a century of propaganda\u201d\u00a0&#8211; refers to the period from the founding of The Vegetarian Society in 1847 to 1947\/8 when Donald Watson wrote this article.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#To_meet_these_conditions_the_following_suggestions_are_made\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >To meet these conditions, the following suggestions are made.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Resulting_from_investigations_carried_out_during_recent_years_two_facts_of_great_importance_to_the_vegetarian_movement_have_emerged_The_first_is_that_a_sensibly_arranged_diet_free_from_animal_food_is_safe_and_practicable_The_second_is_that_there_are_no_grounds_for_making_a_distinction_between_the_moral_objections_to_the_use_of_flesh_foods_and_to_those_concerning_the_use_of_dairy_products_unless_it_is_that_milk_production_necessitates_an_even_more_callous_type_of_exploitation_This_should_now_be_accepted_as_it_is_based_on_factual_evidence_Clearly_if_it_is_wrong_to_kill_calves_for_veal_it_is_equally_wrong_to_kill_them_for_milk_If_it_is_wrong_to_kill_poultry_for_their_flesh_it_is_also_wrong_to_kill_them_when_they_are_no_longer_an_economic_asset_in_the_production_of_eggs_Thus_the_elimination_of_flesh-foods_from_the_diet_is_a_desirable_reform_only_on_condition_that_it_is_not_accompanied_by_an_increase_in_consumption_of_other_animal_foods_If_this_takes_place_the_whole_case_falls_to_the_ground_It_is_no_more_moral_nor_economic_nor_aesthetic_than_the_mixed_diet_containing_flesh_and_it_may_involve_even_more_cruelty\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >Resulting from investigations carried out during recent years, two facts of great importance to the vegetarian movement have emerged. The first is that a sensibly arranged diet free from animal food is safe and practicable. The second is that there are no grounds for making a distinction between the moral objections to the use of flesh foods and to those concerning the use of dairy products, unless it is that milk production necessitates an even more callous type of exploitation. This should now be accepted, as it is based on factual evidence. Clearly, if it is wrong to kill calves for veal, it is equally wrong to kill them for milk. If it is wrong to kill poultry for their flesh, it is also wrong to kill them when they are no longer an economic asset in the production of eggs. Thus, the elimination of flesh-foods from the diet is a desirable reform only on condition that it is not accompanied by an increase in consumption of other animal foods. If this takes place, the whole case falls to the ground. It is no more moral, nor economic, nor aesthetic than the mixed diet containing flesh, and it may involve even more cruelty.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#There_is_no_provision_made_in_the_constitution_of_vegetarian_societies_to_prevent_this_undesirable_possibility_in_fact_much_is_done_officially_to_create_it_However_expedient_it_may_have_appeared_to_accept_the_offer_of_a_special_ration_of_cheese_the_price_in_terms_of_surrendered_principle_was_too_high_There_would_seem_to_be_no_point_in_the_vegetarian_movement_teaching_the_enormous_economic_advantages_of_arable_over_livestock_farming_if_in_a_time_of_national_emergency_a_concession_is_taken_which_is_solely_a_product_of_animals_nor_does_it_strengthen_the_moral_appeal_when_the_butcher_is_called_upon_to_provide_the_rennet_to_make_the_scheme_work_An_opportunity_here_was_lost_for_proving_the_economics_of_vegetarianism_for_if_flesh-foods_are_unnecessary_so_are_their_substitutes_This_concession_should_be_surrendered\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >There is no provision made in the constitution of vegetarian societies to prevent this undesirable possibility; in fact, much is done officially to create it. However expedient it may have appeared to accept the offer of a special ration of cheese, the price in terms of surrendered principle was too high. There would seem to be no point in the vegetarian movement teaching the enormous economic advantages of arable over livestock farming if in a time of national emergency a concession is taken which is solely a product of animals, nor does it strengthen the moral appeal when the butcher is called upon to provide the rennet to make the scheme work. An opportunity here was lost for proving the economics of vegetarianism, for if flesh-foods are unnecessary, so are their substitutes. This concession should be surrendered.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cto_accept_the_offer_of_a_special_ration_of_cheese%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_extra_cheese_ration_given_to_vegetarians_after_WW1_From_April_1945_Vegetarians_were_allowed_an_extra_3_oz_85_g_cheese_On_4_July_1954_all_food_rationing_ended_in_Britain\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >\u201cto accept the offer of a special ration of cheese,\u201d &#8211; refers to the extra cheese ration given to vegetarians after WW1. From April 1945 Vegetarians were allowed an extra 3 oz (85 g) cheese.\u00a0 On 4 July 1954 all food rationing ended in Britain.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Every_aspect_of_the_issue_concerning_the_use_of_dairy_products_by_vegetarians_bristles_with_challenges_that_have_long_been_recognised_by_many_within_the_movement_and_which_now_can_be_denied_by_none_The_problem_has_been_to_know_how_to_reform_the_movement_without_largely_abolishing_it_for_comparatively_few_of_its_members_can_promise_to_live_strictly_without_food_from_animals_Most_people_in_the_movement_are_at_times_if_not_permanently_trapped_by_circumstance_which_compels_them_to_sacrifice_a_measure_of_principle_in_the_art_of_living_principle_and_courtesy_can_be_strong_competitors_for_the_loyalty_of_the_individual_There_may_even_be_occasions_when_temporary_and_deliberate_departure_from_rigid_practice_is_considered_advisable_to_make_possible_the_wider_contacts_needed_by_the_propagandist\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >Every aspect of the issue concerning the use of dairy products by vegetarians bristles with challenges that have long been recognised by many within the movement, and which now can be denied by none. The problem has been to know how to reform the movement without largely abolishing it; for comparatively few of its members can promise to live strictly without food from animals. Most people in the movement are, at times, if not permanently, trapped by circumstance which compels them to sacrifice a measure of principle in the art of living, principle and courtesy can be strong competitors for the loyalty of the individual. There may even be occasions when temporary and deliberate departure from rigid practice is considered advisable to make possible the wider contacts needed by the propagandist.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#These_conditions_of_environment_suggest_that_pledged_membership_should_be_discontinued_The_movement_should_grant_to_the_individual_the_right_to_judge_how_best_to_meet_each_personal_problem_as_it_arises_and_there_should_be_no_inferior_section_reserved_for_those_who_cannot_live_consistently_according_to_the_movements_definition_Loyalty_cannot_be_measured_merely_by_the_standard_of_consistent_practice_attained_nor_can_a_persons_value_to_the_cause_be_assessed_in_this_way_Difficulties_are_greater_for_some_than_for_others_The_pledge_has_never_been_more_than_a_qualification_for_entrance_into_a_select_company_and_this_is_a_bad_psychological_error_Select_companies_usually_remain_select_The_present_pledge_is_worse_than_useless_to_the_movement_as_it_is_broken_by_the_vast_majority_of_members_when_they_use_cheese_and_also_by_those_who_take_foods_containing_slaughtered_animal_fats_Whatever_its_original_purpose_its_abolition_now_would_strengthen_the_movement_by_removing_a_source_of_dishonour_which_critics_are_quick_to_notice\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >These conditions of environment suggest that pledged membership should be discontinued. The movement should grant to the individual the right to judge how best to meet each personal problem as it arises, and there should be no inferior section reserved for those who cannot live consistently according to the movement&#8217;s definition. Loyalty cannot be measured merely by the standard of consistent practice attained, nor can a person&#8217;s value to the cause be assessed in this way. Difficulties are greater for some than for others. The pledge has never been more than a qualification for entrance into a select company, and this is a bad psychological error. Select companies usually remain select. The present pledge is worse than useless to the movement, as it is broken by the vast majority of members when they use cheese, and also by those who take foods containing slaughtered animal fats. Whatever its original purpose; its abolition now would strengthen the movement by removing a source of dishonour which critics are quick to notice.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cpledged_membership%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_%E2%80%98vegetarian_pledges_to_eat_diets_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6without_animal_flesh_%E2%80%93_with_or_without_dairy_eggs\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >\u201cpledged membership\u201d &#8211; refers to the \u2018vegetarian\u2019 pledges to eat diets &#8211; \u2026\u2026without animal flesh \u2013 with or without dairy &amp; eggs.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cit_is_broken_by_the_vast_majority_of_members_when_they_use_cheese%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_use_of_rennet_made_from_the_stomach_lining_of_calves_to_make_dairy_cheeses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >\u201cit is broken by the vast majority of members when they use cheese,\u201d &#8211; refers to the use of rennet, made from the stomach lining of calves, to make dairy cheeses.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_great_need_is_for_the_movement_to_accept_a_logical_and_consistent_objective_to_which_all_can_aim_and_then_use_its_energies_to_make_the_realisation_of_the_objective_possible_easy_and_safe_If_it_did_this_it_would_in_one_stroke_make_itself_impregnable_against_nearly_all_the_criticism_it_has_ever_received_or_is_ever_likely_to_receive_Individual_members_would_continue_to_be_criticised_for_their_imperfections_but_the_movement_itself_would_stand_like_a_rock_Its_duties_would_not_include_the_finding_of_excuses_to_cover_those_who_fall_short_nor_would_it_advocate_one_set_of_cruelties_in_exchange_for_another_as_is_the_case_at_present_The_time_has_come_to_revise_the_definition_of_vegetarianism_which_permits_the_taking_of_more_animal_food_than_was_taken_before_the_time_of_conversion_Vegetarianism_should_mean_the_practice_of_living_without_food_from_animals_If_this_were_understood_now_within_a_short_time_it_would_seem_inconceivable_that_it_could_ever_have_meant_anything_other_The_change_would_create_no_problems_for_anyone_except_those_who_make_an_irrational_distinction_between_slaughter_necessitated_by_the_demand_of_the_flesh-eater_and_similar_slaughter_necessitated_by_their_own_demands_Such_people_because_of_their_basically_wrong_outlook_and_not_because_of_their_inconsistency_in_practice_would_in_spirit_be_outside_the_newly_constituted_movement_They_would_need_converting_to_the_right_idea_in_the_same_way_as_does_the_meat_eater\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe. If it did this it would in one stroke make itself impregnable against nearly all the criticism it has ever received, or is ever, likely to receive. Individual members would continue to be criticised for their imperfections, but the movement itself would stand like a rock. Its duties would not include the finding of excuses to cover those who fall short, nor would it advocate one set of cruelties in exchange for another, as is the case at present. The time has come to revise the definition of vegetarianism which permits the taking of more animal food than was taken before the time of conversion. Vegetarianism, should mean the practice of living without food from animals. If this were understood now, within a short time it would seem inconceivable that it could ever have meant anything other. The change would create no problems for anyone except those who make an irrational distinction between slaughter necessitated by the demand of the flesh-eater, and similar slaughter necessitated by their own demands. Such people, because, of their basically wrong outlook and not because of their inconsistency in practice, would, in spirit, be outside the newly constituted movement. They would need converting to the right idea in the same way as does the meat eater.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#This_change_would_leave_The_Vegan_Society_free_to_concentrate_on_the_allied_work_of_finding_substitutes_for_animal_materials_used_in_commodities_and_the_two_movements_could_work_in_close_contact_throughout_the_world_It_is_a_disturbing_fact_that_some_hundreds_of_the_keenest_vegetarians_in_this_country_have_had_no_alternative_than_to_organise_themselves_outside_the_vegetarian_movement_in_order_to_advocate_consistent_vegetarianism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >This change would leave The Vegan Society free to concentrate on the allied work of finding substitutes for animal materials used in commodities, and the two movements could work in close contact throughout the world. It is a disturbing fact that some hundreds of the keenest vegetarians in this country have had no alternative than to organise themselves outside the vegetarian movement in order to advocate consistent vegetarianism.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cthe_two_movements%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_1_dietary_vegetarians_2_vegans_Donald_Watson_spoke_on_%E2%80%98Veganism_at_the_1947_IVU_World_Vegetarian_Congress_The_new_vegans_made_it_clear_that_they_saw_themselves_very_much_as_a_part_of_the_broader_vegetarian_movement_See_%E2%80%93_http_wwwvegsourcecomjohn-davisthe-invention-of-the-veganshtml\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >\u201cthe two movements\u201d &#8211; refers to 1) dietary vegetarians &amp; 2) vegans. Donald Watson spoke on &#8216;Veganism&#8217; at the 1947 IVU World Vegetarian Congress. The new vegans made it clear that they saw themselves very much as a part of the broader vegetarian movement. See &#8211; http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/the-invention-of-the-vegans.html<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Chundreds_of_the_keenest_vegetarians_in_this_country_have_had_no_alternative_than_to_organise_themselves_outside_the_vegetarian_movement%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_members_of_the_1944_founded_Vegan_Society_whose_views_were_very_unwelcome_to_The_Vegetarian_Society_at_the_time_The_Vegetarian_Society_still_%E2%80%98promotes_dairy_cheese_consumption_See_%E2%80%93_https_wwwvegsocorgsaycheese\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >\u201chundreds of the keenest vegetarians in this country have had no alternative than to organise themselves outside the vegetarian movement\u2026.,\u201d &#8211; refers to members of the 1944 founded Vegan Society, whose views were very unwelcome to The Vegetarian Society at the time. The Vegetarian Society still \u2018promotes\u2019 dairy \/ cheese consumption. See &#8211; https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/saycheese<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cconsistent_vegetarianism%E2%80%9D_100_vegetarianism_As_early_as_1886_Henry_S_Salt_has_used_the_term_%E2%80%98perfectly_consistent_diet_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >&#8220;consistent vegetarianism&#8221; = 100% vegetarianism. As\u00a0early as 1886, Henry S. Salt has used the term \u2018perfectly consistent diet.\u2019 &#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Vegetarian_literature_should_be_secular_There_must_be_thousands_of_vegetarians_both_theists_and_atheists_who_regard_most_religious_doctrine_as_mythical_and_unintelligible_and_who_do_not_therefore_wish_to_be_associated_with_it_To_introduce_it_into_vegetarian_magazines_or_to_portray_religious_incidents_on_Christmas_cards_issued_by_vegetarian_societies_is_a_sure_way_to_create_disharmony_within_the_movement\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >Vegetarian literature should be secular. There must be thousands of vegetarians, both theists and atheists, who regard most religious doctrine as mythical and unintelligible and who do not, therefore, wish to be associated with it. To introduce it into vegetarian magazines, or to portray religious incidents on Christmas cards issued by vegetarian societies, is a sure way to create disharmony within the movement.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_association_of_the_vegetarian_movement_with_religious_bodies_should_be_one_of_enquiry_if_not_of_open_challenge_Probably_the_chief_reason_why_otherwise_decent_people_behave_so_callously_to_creatures_as_highly_sentient_as_themselves_is_because_the_Church_teaches_that_such_creatures_were_sent_by_a_provident_creator_for_mans_use_It_is_the_duty_of_the_movement_to_recognise_and_oppose_this_sinister_aspect_of_religion_which_can_readily_be_proved_absurd_and_which_bars_the_way_to_vegetarian_reform_The_foundations_of_the_slaughter_house_are_safe_so_long_as_this_falsehood_survives\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >The association of the vegetarian movement with religious bodies should be one of enquiry, if not of open challenge. Probably the chief reason why otherwise decent people behave so callously to creatures as highly sentient as themselves is because the Church teaches that such creatures were sent by a provident creator for man&#8217;s use. It is the duty of the movement to recognise and oppose this sinister aspect of religion which can readily be proved absurd and which bars the way to vegetarian reform. The foundations of the slaughter house are safe so long as this falsehood survives.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_movements_literature_should_be_confined_to_vegetarianism_It_should_not_include_articles_concerning_irrelevant_cults_and_superstitions_In_this_respect_advertisements_too_need_more_strict_control\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >The movement&#8217;s literature should be confined to vegetarianism. It should not include articles concerning irrelevant cults and superstitions. In this respect, advertisements too need more strict control.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_practice_now_rife_among_many_vegetarian_writers_of_using_highly_coloured_phrases_with_a_superfluity_of_capital_letters_should_be_abolished_So_far_from_adding_weight_to_the_appeal_it_gives_the_literature_a_fanatical_appearance_to_the_thoughtful_outside_reader_and_it_is_anathema_to_the_scientist_whose_attention_is_particularly_required\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >The practice now rife among many vegetarian writers of using highly coloured phrases with a superfluity of capital letters should be abolished. So far from adding weight to the appeal, it gives the literature a fanatical appearance to the thoughtful outside reader, and it is anathema to the scientist, whose attention is particularly required.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9Cit_is_anathema_to_the_scientist%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_see_a_related_article_%E2%80%93_also_published_in_the_Spring_of_1948_in_The_Vegan_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >&#8220;it is anathema to the scientist&#8221; &#8211; see a related article &#8211; also published in the Spring of 1948 in The Vegan\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0here.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#The_moral_and_economic_arguments_for_consistent_vegetarianism_appear_to_be_impregnable_More_care_is_required_when_stating_other_aspects_of_the_reform_The_following_theories_frequently_quoted_as_facts_are_typical_of_many_which_find_their_way_into_vegetarian_literature_as_though_part_of_vegetarian_teaching\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >The moral and economic arguments for consistent vegetarianism appear to be impregnable. More care is required when stating other aspects of the reform. The following theories, frequently quoted as facts, are typical of many which find their way into vegetarian literature, as though part of vegetarian teaching:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#a_That_all_life_is_one\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >(a) That all life is one.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#b_That_vegetarian_diet_creates_peaceful_disposition\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >(b) That vegetarian diet creates peaceful disposition.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#c_That_cruel_people_must_suffer_for_their_cruelties\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >(c) That cruel people must suffer for their cruelties.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#d_That_man_has_fallen_from_a_perfect_state\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >(d) That man has fallen from a perfect state.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#e_That_the_universe_is_moral\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >(e) That the universe is moral.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Propagandists_should_use_more_care_in_sorting_out_facts_that_can_be_demonstrated_from_personal_beliefs_and_wishes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >Propagandists should use more care in sorting out facts that can be demonstrated, from personal beliefs and wishes.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#These_suggestions_are_made_for_study_and_criticism_in_the_hope_that_the_vegetarian_movement_will_be_reformed_and_strengthened_and_its_literature_made_more_acceptable_to_a_wider_public_The_beginning_of_the_second_century_of_the_movements_existence_seems_an_appropriate_time_to_bring_about_such_reform\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >These suggestions are made for study and criticism in the hope that the vegetarian movement will be reformed and strengthened and its literature made more acceptable to a wider public. The beginning of the second century of the movement&#8217;s existence seems an appropriate time to bring about such reform.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Is_it_time_now_in_2016_to_retire_the_words_vegetarian_vegetarianism_%E2%80%93_vegan_veganism-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >Is it time now, in 2016, to retire the words vegetarian &amp; vegetarianism &#8211; vegan &amp; veganism?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Forbes_Headline_July_19_2016\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >Forbes Headline July 19, 2016<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Amid_Surge_Of_Money_Into_Alternative_Foods_Some_Say_Its_Time_To_Bury_The_Word_%E2%80%98Vegan\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >Amid Surge Of Money Into Alternative Foods, Some Say It&#8217;s Time To Bury The Word &#8216;Vegan&#8217;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#From_a_3_page_article_published_this_week_in_Forbes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >From a 3 page article published this week in Forbes.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Excerpts_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >Excerpts &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#_One_third_of_consumers_are_actively_trying_to_eat_less_meat_and_dairy_Theres_a_surge_of_investment_flowing_to_meat_and_dairy_alternative_food_companies_And_this_money_is_spurring_a_wave_of_new_meat_dairy_seafood_and_egg_alternative_food_product_launches_But_what_do_we_call_them_Vegan_Plant-based_At_this_point_both_terms_are_fighting_for_relevance_Because_words_matter\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >~ One third of consumers are actively trying to eat less meat and dairy. There\u2019s a surge of investment flowing to meat and dairy alternative food companies. And this money is spurring a wave of new meat, dairy, seafood, and egg alternative food product launches. But what do we call them? Vegan? Plant-based? At this point, both terms are fighting for relevance. Because words matter. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#i\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >&amp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#_So_what_does_the_word_vegan_convey_According_to_Michele_Simon_Executive_Director_of_the_Plant_Based_Foods_Association_launched_in_early_2016_vegan_telegraphs_deprivation_while_the_more_upbeat_plant-based_communicates_celebratory_affirmation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >~ So what does the word vegan convey? According to Michele Simon, Executive Director of the Plant Based Foods Association, launched in early 2016, vegan telegraphs deprivation, while the more upbeat plant-based communicates celebratory affirmation.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#%E2%80%9CIts_the_difference_between_deprivation_and_abundance_And_who_wants_to_be_deprived%E2%80%9D_Simon_says\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >\u201cIt\u2019s the difference between deprivation and abundance. And who wants to be deprived?\u201d Simon says. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Page_1_%E2%80%93_http_wwwforbescomsitesbarbstuckey20160719vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products17e869681e25\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >Page 1 &#8211; http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/#17e869681e25<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Page_2_%E2%80%93_http_wwwforbescomsitesbarbstuckey20160719vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products25d33ef9741e9\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >Page 2 &#8211; http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/2\/#5d33ef9741e9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Page_3_%E2%80%93_http_wwwforbescomsitesbarbstuckey20160719vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products36eca073e351b\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >Page 3 &#8211; http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/3\/#6eca073e351b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#Forbes_has_a_huge_audience\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >Forbes has a huge audience!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#_Forbes_Stats_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >\u00a0Forbes Stats &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#i-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Donald_Watson_Reads_1st_copy_of_Vegan_News_%E2%80%93_later_to_become_The_Vegan_Picture_by_Joseph_Connolly\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"3lpvc-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Donald Watson Reads 1st copy of <em>Vegan News<\/em> &#8211; later to become <em>The Vegan<\/em>. Picture by Joseph Connolly.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CThe_great_need_is_for_the_movement_to_accept_a_logical_and_consistent_objective_to_which_all_can_aim_and_then_use_its_energies_to_make_the_realisation_of_the_objective_possible_easy_and_safe%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Donald_Watson\"><\/span>&#8220;The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe.&#8221; &#8211; Donald Watson<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Today_we_are_sharing_an_article_by_Donald_Watson_It_dates_from_early_1948_The_topics_which_Donald_Watson_raised_discussed_in_1948_are_still_relevant_today_He_liked_success_results_He_liked_inclusivity_He_worked_closely_with_all_manner_of_people_to_promote_full_vegetarianism_veganism_plant-based_living\"><\/span>Today, we are sharing an article by Donald Watson. It dates from early 1948. The topics\u00a0which\u00a0Donald Watson\u00a0raised \/ discussed in 1948\u00a0are still\u00a0relevant today. He liked success \/ results. He\u00a0liked inclusivity. He worked closely with all manner of people to promote full vegetarianism \/ veganism \/ plant-based living.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_it_time_now_in_2016_to_retire_the_words_vegetarian_vegetarianism_%E2%80%93_vegan_veganism\"><\/span>Is it time now, in 2016, to retire the words <em>vegetarian<\/em> &amp; <em>vegetarianism<\/em> &#8211; <em>vegan<\/em> &amp; <em>veganism<\/em>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"eibhs-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"efbka\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notes\"><\/span>Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4>1) We have corrected obvious errors\u00a0in the version of this 1948 article by Donald Watson, which is also posted\u00a0&#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldvegfest.org\/history\/world-forum\/1948movement.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>. We do not have access to an original printed copy at this time, this linked article was our source.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Phrases_are_highlighted_in_brown_font_and_notes_are_added_to_clarify_historical_points_which_everyone_may_not_be_familiar_with\"><\/span>2) Phrases are highlighted in <span style=\"color: #993300;\">brown font<\/span>\u00a0and notes are added, to clarify historical points which everyone may not be familiar with.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>3)\u00a0See a\u00a0related article by W. S, James, also from the Spring of 1948\u00a0&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_1_Vol_2_%E2%80%93_THE_VEGETARIAN_%E2%80%93_SPRING_1948_pp23-27\"><\/span><strong>No. 1 Vol. 2 &#8211; <em>THE VEGETARIAN<\/em> &#8211; SPRING 1948 pp.23-27<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SHOULD_THE_VEGETARIAN_MOVEMENT_BE_REFORMED_by_Donald_Watson\"><\/span><strong>SHOULD THE VEGETARIAN MOVEMENT BE REFORMED?<\/strong> <strong>by Donald Watson<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_proposal_to_amalgamate_the_two_national_vegetarian_societies_of_Great_Britain_in_the_hope_that_unity_would_give_greater_strength_carries_no_guarantee_that_the_hope_would_be_realised_in_practice_Two_societies_working_separately_and_amicably_are_to_be_preferred_to_a_union_that_would_probably_be_unpopular_with_both_through_disturbing_long-established_loyalties\"><\/span>The proposal to amalgamate the <span style=\"color: #993300;\">two national vegetarian societies<\/span> of Great Britain in the hope that unity would give greater strength, carries no guarantee that the hope would be realised in practice. Two societies working separately and amicably are to be preferred to a union that would probably be unpopular with both through disturbing long-established loyalties.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"f11hr\">\n<h6 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201cthe two national vegetarian societies\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; which Donald Watson is referring to are, The Vegetarian Society (based in Manchester) and the London Vegetarian Society. During the 1950s and &#8217;60s the two vegetarian societies began to work together. In 1958 their two magazines merged into &#8216;The British Vegetarian&#8217;. On 1st October 1969, the two societies\u00a0amalgamated to form <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/sslpage.aspx?pid=875\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Vegetarian Society<\/a> of the United Kingdom.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-offset-key=\"fof3v-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"f11hr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_important_than_the_nationalising_of_administration_appears_to_be_the_reforming_of_the_movement_itself_both_here_and_abroad_Every_movement_must_accept_the_need_for_occasional_overhaul_if_it_is_to_progress_and_meet_the_reasonable_criticism_of_its_opponents_If_a_plan_for_the_reform_of_the_vegetarian_movement_can_be_made_generally_acceptable_unified_administration_if_desired_should_be_easier_as_the_movement_will_be_starting_a_new_phase_of_its_evolution\"><\/span>More important than the nationalising of administration appears to be the reforming of the movement itself, both here and abroad. Every movement must accept the need for occasional overhaul if it is to progress and meet the reasonable criticism of its opponents. If a plan for the reform of the vegetarian movement can be made generally acceptable, unified administration, if desired, should be easier, as the movement will be starting a new phase of its evolution.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_need_for_considering_reform_is_suggested_by_the_fact_that_after_a_century_of_propaganda_not_one_person_in_a_thousand_is_a_vegetarian_This_may_not_be_the_fault_of_the_movement_but_it_is_the_duty_of_the_movement_to_make_sure_the_failure_lies_outside_itself_It_is_wrong_to_suppose_that_only_this_small_fraction_of_the_community_is_sufficiently_developed_morally_and_intellectually_to_accept_a_reform_promising_such_universal_advantages_If_there_have_been_offending_features_in_vegetarian_propaganda_or_if_the_claims_have_been_false_or_exaggerated_or_if_the_fatal_impression_of_priggishness_has_been_conveyed_these_should_be_corrected_To_be_strong_the_movement_must_consist_of_people_who_are_self-critical_truth_loving_scientific_careful_in_judgment_and_eager_to_yield_to_evidence_even_if_it_tends_to_weaken_their_case_Those_unable_or_unwilling_to_pass_such_a_test_are_a_liability_The_case_itself_must_be_impregnable_against_fair_criticism_and_its_presentation_should_be_guided_by_psychology\"><\/span>The need for considering reform is suggested by the fact that <span style=\"color: #993300;\">after a century of propaganda<\/span> not one person in a thousand is a vegetarian. This may not be the fault of the movement, but it is the duty of the movement to make sure the failure lies outside itself. It is wrong to suppose that only this small fraction of the community is sufficiently developed morally and intellectually to accept a reform promising such universal advantages. If there have been offending features in vegetarian propaganda, or if the claims have been false or exaggerated, or if the fatal impression of priggishness has been conveyed, these should be corrected. To be strong, the movement must consist of people who are self-critical, truth loving, scientific, careful in judgment, and eager to yield to evidence even if it tends to weaken their case. Those unable or unwilling to pass such a test are a liability. The case itself must be impregnable against fair criticism, and its presentation should be guided by psychology.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9Cafter_a_century_of_propaganda%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_period_from_the_founding_of_The_Vegetarian_Society_in_1847_to_19478_when_Donald_Watson_wrote_this_article\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u201cafter a century of propaganda\u201d\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to the period from the founding of The Vegetarian Society in 1847 to 1947\/8 when Donald Watson wrote this article.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_meet_these_conditions_the_following_suggestions_are_made\"><\/span>To meet these conditions, the following suggestions are made.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resulting_from_investigations_carried_out_during_recent_years_two_facts_of_great_importance_to_the_vegetarian_movement_have_emerged_The_first_is_that_a_sensibly_arranged_diet_free_from_animal_food_is_safe_and_practicable_The_second_is_that_there_are_no_grounds_for_making_a_distinction_between_the_moral_objections_to_the_use_of_flesh_foods_and_to_those_concerning_the_use_of_dairy_products_unless_it_is_that_milk_production_necessitates_an_even_more_callous_type_of_exploitation_This_should_now_be_accepted_as_it_is_based_on_factual_evidence_Clearly_if_it_is_wrong_to_kill_calves_for_veal_it_is_equally_wrong_to_kill_them_for_milk_If_it_is_wrong_to_kill_poultry_for_their_flesh_it_is_also_wrong_to_kill_them_when_they_are_no_longer_an_economic_asset_in_the_production_of_eggs_Thus_the_elimination_of_flesh-foods_from_the_diet_is_a_desirable_reform_only_on_condition_that_it_is_not_accompanied_by_an_increase_in_consumption_of_other_animal_foods_If_this_takes_place_the_whole_case_falls_to_the_ground_It_is_no_more_moral_nor_economic_nor_aesthetic_than_the_mixed_diet_containing_flesh_and_it_may_involve_even_more_cruelty\"><\/span>Resulting from investigations carried out during recent years, two facts of great importance to the vegetarian movement have emerged. The first is that a sensibly arranged diet free from animal food is safe and practicable. The second is that there are no grounds for making a distinction between the moral objections to the use of flesh foods and to those concerning the use of dairy products, unless it is that milk production necessitates an even more callous type of exploitation. This should now be accepted, as it is based on factual evidence. Clearly, if it is wrong to kill calves for veal, it is equally wrong to kill them for milk. If it is wrong to kill poultry for their flesh, it is also wrong to kill them when they are no longer an economic asset in the production of eggs. Thus, the elimination of flesh-foods from the diet is a desirable reform only on condition that it is not accompanied by an increase in consumption of other animal foods. If this takes place, the whole case falls to the ground. It is no more moral, nor economic, nor aesthetic than the mixed diet containing flesh, and it may involve even more cruelty.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_is_no_provision_made_in_the_constitution_of_vegetarian_societies_to_prevent_this_undesirable_possibility_in_fact_much_is_done_officially_to_create_it_However_expedient_it_may_have_appeared_to_accept_the_offer_of_a_special_ration_of_cheese_the_price_in_terms_of_surrendered_principle_was_too_high_There_would_seem_to_be_no_point_in_the_vegetarian_movement_teaching_the_enormous_economic_advantages_of_arable_over_livestock_farming_if_in_a_time_of_national_emergency_a_concession_is_taken_which_is_solely_a_product_of_animals_nor_does_it_strengthen_the_moral_appeal_when_the_butcher_is_called_upon_to_provide_the_rennet_to_make_the_scheme_work_An_opportunity_here_was_lost_for_proving_the_economics_of_vegetarianism_for_if_flesh-foods_are_unnecessary_so_are_their_substitutes_This_concession_should_be_surrendered\"><\/span>There is no provision made in the constitution of vegetarian societies to prevent this undesirable possibility; in fact, much is done officially to create it. However expedient it may have appeared <span style=\"color: #993300;\">to accept the offer of a special ration of cheese<\/span>, the price in terms of surrendered principle was too high. There would seem to be no point in the vegetarian movement teaching the enormous economic advantages of arable over livestock farming if in a time of national emergency a concession is taken which is solely a product of animals, nor does it strengthen the moral appeal when the butcher is called upon to provide the rennet to make the scheme work. An opportunity here was lost for proving the economics of vegetarianism, for if flesh-foods are unnecessary, so are their substitutes. This concession should be surrendered.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u201cto accept the offer of a special ration of cheese,\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to the extra cheese ration given to vegetarians after WW1. From April 1945 Vegetarians were allowed an extra 3 oz (85 g) cheese.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> On 4 July 1954 all <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">food rationing<\/a> ended in Britain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Every_aspect_of_the_issue_concerning_the_use_of_dairy_products_by_vegetarians_bristles_with_challenges_that_have_long_been_recognised_by_many_within_the_movement_and_which_now_can_be_denied_by_none_The_problem_has_been_to_know_how_to_reform_the_movement_without_largely_abolishing_it_for_comparatively_few_of_its_members_can_promise_to_live_strictly_without_food_from_animals_Most_people_in_the_movement_are_at_times_if_not_permanently_trapped_by_circumstance_which_compels_them_to_sacrifice_a_measure_of_principle_in_the_art_of_living_principle_and_courtesy_can_be_strong_competitors_for_the_loyalty_of_the_individual_There_may_even_be_occasions_when_temporary_and_deliberate_departure_from_rigid_practice_is_considered_advisable_to_make_possible_the_wider_contacts_needed_by_the_propagandist\"><\/span>Every aspect of the issue concerning the use of dairy products by vegetarians bristles with challenges that have long been recognised by many within the movement, and which now can be denied by none. The problem has been to know how to reform the movement without largely abolishing it; for comparatively few of its members can promise to live strictly without food from animals. Most people in the movement are, at times, if not permanently, trapped by circumstance which compels them to sacrifice a measure of principle in the art of living, principle and courtesy can be strong competitors for the loyalty of the individual. There may even be occasions when temporary and deliberate departure from rigid practice is considered advisable to make possible the wider contacts needed by the propagandist.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"These_conditions_of_environment_suggest_that_pledged_membership_should_be_discontinued_The_movement_should_grant_to_the_individual_the_right_to_judge_how_best_to_meet_each_personal_problem_as_it_arises_and_there_should_be_no_inferior_section_reserved_for_those_who_cannot_live_consistently_according_to_the_movements_definition_Loyalty_cannot_be_measured_merely_by_the_standard_of_consistent_practice_attained_nor_can_a_persons_value_to_the_cause_be_assessed_in_this_way_Difficulties_are_greater_for_some_than_for_others_The_pledge_has_never_been_more_than_a_qualification_for_entrance_into_a_select_company_and_this_is_a_bad_psychological_error_Select_companies_usually_remain_select_The_present_pledge_is_worse_than_useless_to_the_movement_as_it_is_broken_by_the_vast_majority_of_members_when_they_use_cheese_and_also_by_those_who_take_foods_containing_slaughtered_animal_fats_Whatever_its_original_purpose_its_abolition_now_would_strengthen_the_movement_by_removing_a_source_of_dishonour_which_critics_are_quick_to_notice\"><\/span>These conditions of environment suggest that <span style=\"color: #993300;\">pledged membership<\/span> should be discontinued. The movement should grant to the individual the right to judge how best to meet each personal problem as it arises, and there should be no inferior section reserved for those who cannot live consistently according to the movement&#8217;s definition. Loyalty cannot be measured merely by the standard of consistent practice attained, nor can a person&#8217;s value to the cause be assessed in this way. Difficulties are greater for some than for others. The pledge has never been more than a qualification for entrance into a select company, and this is a bad psychological error. Select companies usually remain select. <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The present pledge is worse than useless to the movement, as<\/span> it is broken by the vast majority of members when they use cheese<\/span>, and also by those who take foods containing slaughtered animal fats. Whatever its original purpose; its abolition now would strengthen the movement by removing a source of dishonour which critics are quick to notice.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div data-contents=\"true\">\n<div data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"f11hr\">\n<h6 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9Cpledged_membership%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_%E2%80%98vegetarian_pledges_to_eat_diets_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6without_animal_flesh_%E2%80%93_with_or_without_dairy_eggs\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #993300;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201cpledged membership\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to the \u2018vegetarian\u2019 pledges to eat diets &#8211; \u2026\u2026without animal flesh \u2013 with or without dairy &amp; eggs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9Cit_is_broken_by_the_vast_majority_of_members_when_they_use_cheese%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_refers_to_the_use_of_rennet_made_from_the_stomach_lining_of_calves_to_make_dairy_cheeses\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #993300;\" data-offset-key=\"et2i3-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201cit is broken by the vast majority of members when they use cheese,\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to the use of rennet, made from the stomach lining of calves, to make dairy cheeses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_great_need_is_for_the_movement_to_accept_a_logical_and_consistent_objective_to_which_all_can_aim_and_then_use_its_energies_to_make_the_realisation_of_the_objective_possible_easy_and_safe_If_it_did_this_it_would_in_one_stroke_make_itself_impregnable_against_nearly_all_the_criticism_it_has_ever_received_or_is_ever_likely_to_receive_Individual_members_would_continue_to_be_criticised_for_their_imperfections_but_the_movement_itself_would_stand_like_a_rock_Its_duties_would_not_include_the_finding_of_excuses_to_cover_those_who_fall_short_nor_would_it_advocate_one_set_of_cruelties_in_exchange_for_another_as_is_the_case_at_present_The_time_has_come_to_revise_the_definition_of_vegetarianism_which_permits_the_taking_of_more_animal_food_than_was_taken_before_the_time_of_conversion_Vegetarianism_should_mean_the_practice_of_living_without_food_from_animals_If_this_were_understood_now_within_a_short_time_it_would_seem_inconceivable_that_it_could_ever_have_meant_anything_other_The_change_would_create_no_problems_for_anyone_except_those_who_make_an_irrational_distinction_between_slaughter_necessitated_by_the_demand_of_the_flesh-eater_and_similar_slaughter_necessitated_by_their_own_demands_Such_people_because_of_their_basically_wrong_outlook_and_not_because_of_their_inconsistency_in_practice_would_in_spirit_be_outside_the_newly_constituted_movement_They_would_need_converting_to_the_right_idea_in_the_same_way_as_does_the_meat_eater\"><\/span>The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe. If it did this it would in one stroke make itself impregnable against nearly all the criticism it has ever received, or is ever, likely to receive. Individual members would continue to be criticised for their imperfections, but the movement itself would stand like a rock. Its duties would not include the finding of excuses to cover those who fall short, nor would it advocate one set of cruelties in exchange for another, as is the case at present. The time has come to revise the definition of vegetarianism which permits the taking of more animal food than was taken before the time of conversion. <em>Vegetarianism, should mean the practice of living without food from animals.<\/em> If this were understood now, within a short time it would seem inconceivable that it could ever have meant anything other. The change would create no problems for anyone except those who make an irrational distinction between slaughter necessitated by the demand of the flesh-eater, and similar slaughter necessitated by their own demands. Such people, because, of their basically wrong outlook and not because of their inconsistency in practice, would, in spirit, be outside the newly constituted movement. They would need converting to the right idea in the same way as does the meat eater.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"This_change_would_leave_The_Vegan_Society_free_to_concentrate_on_the_allied_work_of_finding_substitutes_for_animal_materials_used_in_commodities_and_the_two_movements_could_work_in_close_contact_throughout_the_world_It_is_a_disturbing_fact_that_some_hundreds_of_the_keenest_vegetarians_in_this_country_have_had_no_alternative_than_to_organise_themselves_outside_the_vegetarian_movement_in_order_to_advocate_consistent_vegetarianism\"><\/span>This change would leave The Vegan Society free to concentrate on the allied work of finding substitutes for animal materials used in commodities, and <span style=\"color: #993300;\">the two movements<\/span> could work in close contact throughout the world. <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is a disturbing fact that some<\/span> hundreds of the keenest vegetarians in this country have had no alternative than to organise themselves outside the vegetarian movement<\/span> in order to advocate <span style=\"color: #993300;\">consistent vegetarianism<\/span>.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u201cthe two movements\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to 1) dietary vegetarians &amp; 2) vegans. Donald Watson spoke on &#8216;Veganism&#8217; at the 1947 IVU World Vegetarian Congress. The new vegans made it clear that they saw themselves very much as a part of the broader vegetarian movement. See &#8211;<\/span><\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/the-invention-of-the-vegans.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/the-invention-of-the-vegans.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\" data-offset-key=\"b999m-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201chundreds of the keenest vegetarians in this country have had no alternative than to organise themselves outside the vegetarian movement\u2026.,\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; refers to members of the 1944 founded Vegan Society, whose views were very unwelcome to The Vegetarian Society at the time. The Vegetarian Society still \u2018promotes\u2019 dairy \/ cheese consumption. See &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/saycheese\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/saycheese<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8220;consistent vegetarianism&#8221; <span style=\"color: #000000;\">= 100% vegetarianism. As\u00a0early as 1886, Henry S. Salt has used the term <\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"e8kja-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2018perfectly consistent diet.\u2019 &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\"  target=\"_blank\">more<\/a><span style=\"color: #993300;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vegetarian_literature_should_be_secular_There_must_be_thousands_of_vegetarians_both_theists_and_atheists_who_regard_most_religious_doctrine_as_mythical_and_unintelligible_and_who_do_not_therefore_wish_to_be_associated_with_it_To_introduce_it_into_vegetarian_magazines_or_to_portray_religious_incidents_on_Christmas_cards_issued_by_vegetarian_societies_is_a_sure_way_to_create_disharmony_within_the_movement\"><\/span>Vegetarian literature should be secular. There must be thousands of vegetarians, both theists and atheists, who regard most religious doctrine as mythical and unintelligible and who do not, therefore, wish to be associated with it. To introduce it into vegetarian magazines, or to portray religious incidents on Christmas cards issued by vegetarian societies, is a sure way to create disharmony within the movement.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_association_of_the_vegetarian_movement_with_religious_bodies_should_be_one_of_enquiry_if_not_of_open_challenge_Probably_the_chief_reason_why_otherwise_decent_people_behave_so_callously_to_creatures_as_highly_sentient_as_themselves_is_because_the_Church_teaches_that_such_creatures_were_sent_by_a_provident_creator_for_mans_use_It_is_the_duty_of_the_movement_to_recognise_and_oppose_this_sinister_aspect_of_religion_which_can_readily_be_proved_absurd_and_which_bars_the_way_to_vegetarian_reform_The_foundations_of_the_slaughter_house_are_safe_so_long_as_this_falsehood_survives\"><\/span>The association of the vegetarian movement with religious bodies should be one of enquiry, if not of open challenge. Probably the chief reason why otherwise decent people behave so callously to creatures as highly sentient as themselves is because the Church teaches that such creatures were sent by a provident creator for man&#8217;s use. It is the duty of the movement to recognise and oppose this sinister aspect of religion which can readily be proved absurd and which bars the way to vegetarian reform. The foundations of the slaughter house are safe so long as this falsehood survives.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_movements_literature_should_be_confined_to_vegetarianism_It_should_not_include_articles_concerning_irrelevant_cults_and_superstitions_In_this_respect_advertisements_too_need_more_strict_control\"><\/span>The movement&#8217;s literature should be confined to vegetarianism. It should not include articles concerning irrelevant cults and superstitions. In this respect, advertisements too need more strict control.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_practice_now_rife_among_many_vegetarian_writers_of_using_highly_coloured_phrases_with_a_superfluity_of_capital_letters_should_be_abolished_So_far_from_adding_weight_to_the_appeal_it_gives_the_literature_a_fanatical_appearance_to_the_thoughtful_outside_reader_and_it_is_anathema_to_the_scientist_whose_attention_is_particularly_required\"><\/span>The practice now rife among many vegetarian writers of using highly coloured phrases with a superfluity of capital letters should be abolished. So far from adding weight to the appeal, it gives the literature a fanatical appearance to the thoughtful outside reader, and <span style=\"color: #993300;\">it is anathema to the scientist<\/span>, whose attention is particularly required.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8220;it is anathema to the scientist&#8221;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; see a related article &#8211; also published in the Spring of 1948 in <em>The Vegan\u00a0<\/em>&#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/h6>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_moral_and_economic_arguments_for_consistent_vegetarianism_appear_to_be_impregnable_More_care_is_required_when_stating_other_aspects_of_the_reform_The_following_theories_frequently_quoted_as_facts_are_typical_of_many_which_find_their_way_into_vegetarian_literature_as_though_part_of_vegetarian_teaching\"><\/span>The moral and economic arguments for consistent vegetarianism appear to be impregnable. More care is required when stating other aspects of the reform. The following theories, frequently quoted as facts, are typical of many which find their way into vegetarian literature, as though part of vegetarian teaching:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_That_all_life_is_one\"><\/span>(a) That all life is one.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_That_vegetarian_diet_creates_peaceful_disposition\"><\/span>(b) That vegetarian diet creates peaceful disposition.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_That_cruel_people_must_suffer_for_their_cruelties\"><\/span>(c) That cruel people must suffer for their cruelties.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"d_That_man_has_fallen_from_a_perfect_state\"><\/span>(d) That man has fallen from a perfect state.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"e_That_the_universe_is_moral\"><\/span>(e) That the universe is moral.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Propagandists_should_use_more_care_in_sorting_out_facts_that_can_be_demonstrated_from_personal_beliefs_and_wishes\"><\/span>Propagandists should use more care in sorting out facts that can be demonstrated, from personal beliefs and wishes.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"These_suggestions_are_made_for_study_and_criticism_in_the_hope_that_the_vegetarian_movement_will_be_reformed_and_strengthened_and_its_literature_made_more_acceptable_to_a_wider_public_The_beginning_of_the_second_century_of_the_movements_existence_seems_an_appropriate_time_to_bring_about_such_reform\"><\/span>These suggestions are made for study and criticism in the hope that the vegetarian movement will be reformed and strengthened and its literature made more acceptable to a wider public. The beginning of the second century of the movement&#8217;s existence seems an appropriate time to bring about such reform.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_it_time_now_in_2016_to_retire_the_words_vegetarian_vegetarianism_%E2%80%93_vegan_veganism-2\"><\/span>Is it time now, in 2016, to retire the words <em>vegetarian<\/em> &amp; <em>vegetarianism<\/em> &#8211; <em>vegan<\/em> &amp; <em>veganism<\/em>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forbes_Headline_July_19_2016\"><\/span>Forbes Headline July 19, 2016<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h1 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"fg5sa-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amid_Surge_Of_Money_Into_Alternative_Foods_Some_Say_Its_Time_To_Bury_The_Word_%E2%80%98Vegan\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"fg5sa-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Amid Surge Of Money Into Alternative Foods, Some Say It&#8217;s Time To Bury The Word &#8216;Vegan&#8217;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">From a 3 page <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/#36e73c961e25\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">article<\/a> published this week in Forbes.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Excerpts_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Excerpts &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_One_third_of_consumers_are_actively_trying_to_eat_less_meat_and_dairy_Theres_a_surge_of_investment_flowing_to_meat_and_dairy_alternative_food_companies_And_this_money_is_spurring_a_wave_of_new_meat_dairy_seafood_and_egg_alternative_food_product_launches_But_what_do_we_call_them_Vegan_Plant-based_At_this_point_both_terms_are_fighting_for_relevance_Because_words_matter\"><\/span>~ <span data-offset-key=\"fg5sa-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">One third of consumers are actively trying to eat less meat and dairy. There\u2019s a surge of investment flowing to meat and dairy alternative food companies. And this money is spurring a wave of new meat, dairy, seafood, and egg alternative food product launches. But what do we call them? Vegan? Plant-based? At this point, both terms are fighting for relevance. Because words matter.<\/span><\/span> ~<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span>&amp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"5vb2e-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_So_what_does_the_word_vegan_convey_According_to_Michele_Simon_Executive_Director_of_the_Plant_Based_Foods_Association_launched_in_early_2016_vegan_telegraphs_deprivation_while_the_more_upbeat_plant-based_communicates_celebratory_affirmation\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"5vb2e-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">~ So what does the word vegan convey? According to Michele Simon, Executive Director of the Plant Based Foods Association, launched in early 2016, vegan telegraphs deprivation, while the more upbeat plant-based communicates celebratory affirmation.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"5vb2e-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CIts_the_difference_between_deprivation_and_abundance_And_who_wants_to_be_deprived%E2%80%9D_Simon_says\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"d4bqk-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201cIt\u2019s the difference between deprivation and abundance. And who wants to be deprived?\u201d Simon says. ~ <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_4657\" dir=\"ltr\" data-setdir=\"false\">Page 1 &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/#17e869681e25\" id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_4982\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/#17e869681e25<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_5022\">Page 2 &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/2\/#5d33ef9741e9\" id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_4963\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/2\/#5d33ef9741e9<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_4756\" dir=\"ltr\" data-setdir=\"false\">Page 3 &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/3\/#6eca073e351b\" id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469436976132_5137\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/barbstuckey\/2016\/07\/19\/vegan-vs-plant-based-the-battle-of-words-for-3-6-billion-in-food-products\/3\/#6eca073e351b<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forbes_has_a_huge_audience\"><\/span>Forbes has a huge audience!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Forbes.png\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-17048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17048 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Forbes.png\" alt=\"Forbes\" width=\"580\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Forbes.png 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Forbes-300x93.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\" data-offset-key=\"eibhs-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"efbka\">\u00a0Forbes Stats &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbesmedia.com\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Donald Watson Reads 1st copy of Vegan News &#8211; later to become The Vegan. Picture by Joseph Connolly. &#8220;The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe.&#8221; &#8211; Donald Watson Today, we are sharing an article by Donald Watson. It dates from early 1948. The topics\u00a0which\u00a0Donald Watson\u00a0raised \/ discussed in 1948\u00a0are still\u00a0relevant today. He liked success \/ results. He\u00a0liked inclusivity. He worked closely with all manner of people to promote full vegetarianism \/ veganism \/ plant-based living. Is it time now, in 2016, to retire the words vegetarian &amp; vegetarianism &#8211; vegan &amp; veganism? &#8230;&#8230; Notes 1) We have corrected obvious errors\u00a0in the version of this 1948 article by Donald Watson, which is also posted\u00a0&#8211; here. We do not have access to an original printed copy at this time, this linked article was our source. 2) Phrases are highlighted in brown font\u00a0and notes are added, to clarify historical points which everyone may not be familiar with. 3)\u00a0See a\u00a0related article by W. S, James, also from the Spring of 1948\u00a0&#8211; here. &#8230;&#8230; No. 1 Vol. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":17032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[1127],"class_list":["post-17020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-donald-watson"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Should The Vegetarian Movement Be Reformed? 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Donald Watson - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe.&quot; - Donald Watson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-07-19T10:11:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-07-25T09:06:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DW1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"579\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"368\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"&quot;The great need is for the movement to accept a logical and consistent objective to which all can aim, and then use its energies to make the realisation of the objective possible, easy, and safe.&quot; - Donald Watson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/should-vegetarian-movement-be-reformed\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Should The Vegetarian Movement Be Reformed? 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