{"id":16189,"date":"2016-05-12T12:40:31","date_gmt":"2016-05-12T19:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=16189"},"modified":"2016-06-30T21:41:59","modified_gmt":"2016-07-01T04:41:59","slug":"cruelty-to-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Cruelty To Animals &#8211; Exposed &#8211; 1860s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Examples_of_multi-faceted_UK_US_collaboration_From_a_time_when_animal_abuse_was_just_starting_to_receive_mass-media_coverage\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Examples of multi-faceted UK &amp; US collaboration. From a time when animal abuse was just starting to receive mass-media coverage.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Cruelty_to_Animals_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CWhich_Are_the_Brutes%E2%80%9D_by_Alfred_Rudolph_Waud\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >Cruelty to Animals &#8211; &#8220;Which Are the Brutes?&#8221; by Alfred Rudolph Waud<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#An_illustration_exposing_cruelty_to_animals_published_in_%E2%80%93_Harpers_Weekly_A_Journal_of_Civilization_February_23_1867\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >An illustration\u00a0exposing cruelty to animals,\u00a0published in &#8211; Harper&#8217;s Weekly, A Journal of Civilization, February 23, 1867.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#An_item_in_our_Ernest_Bell_Library_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >An item in our Ernest Bell Library &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Striking_artwork_%E2%80%93_produced_almost_150_years_ago\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >Striking artwork &#8211; produced almost 150 years ago.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#It_would_have_been_seen_by_many_%E2%80%98educated_people\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >It would have been seen by many &#8216;educated&#8217; people.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#It_exposed_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >It exposed &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_abuse_of_animals_for_gaming_gambling_purposes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >the abuse of animals for gaming \/ gambling purposes.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_abuse_of_animals_working_in_transportation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >the abuse of animals working in transportation.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_abuse_of_animals_in_food_production\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >the abuse of animals in food production.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_abuse_of_stray_animals\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >the abuse of stray animals.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_images_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >The images &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#From_top_left_clockwise_%E2%80%93_Gamblers_at_a_Cock_Fight_%E2%80%93_Abusing_Cart_Horses_at_a_Milk_Depot_%E2%80%93_Gamblers_at_a_Dog_Fight_%E2%80%93_Abusing_Stray_Dogs_%E2%80%93_Torturing_Cats_%E2%80%93_Taking_Downer_Diseased_Cows_to_Slaughter_the_cart_driver_whipping_the_horse_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >From top left clockwise &#8211; Gamblers at a Cock Fight &#8211; Abusing Cart Horses at a Milk Depot &#8211; Gamblers at a Dog Fight &#8211; Abusing Stray Dogs &#8211; Torturing Cats &#8211; Taking Downer \/ Diseased\u00a0Cows to Slaughter, the cart driver whipping the horse &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Central_image_%E2%80%93_Horse_Drawn_Tram_the_horse_being_whipped\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >Central image &#8211; Horse Drawn Tram, the horse being whipped.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Reproduced_at_higher_resolution_below\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >Reproduced at higher resolution below.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_Artist\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >The Artist<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Alfred_Rudolph_Waud_October_2_1828_%E2%80%93_April_6_1891_was_originally_from_London_UK_He_had_emigrated_to_the_US_%E2%80%93_Wiki\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >Alfred Rudolph Waud (October 2, 1828 \u2013 April 6, 1891) was originally from London, UK. He had emigrated to the US &#8211; Wiki.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_Period\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >The Period<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#A_few_months_before_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >A few months before &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_Henry_Bergh_August_29_1813_%E2%80%93_March_12_1888_founded_the_American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals_ASPCA_in_April_1866_three_days_after_the_first_effective_legislation_against_animal_cruelty_in_the_United_States_was_passed_into_law_by_the_New_York_State_Legislature_Bergh_also_prompted_the_formation_in_1874_of_the_Massachusetts_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Children_MSPCC_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >~ Henry Bergh (August 29, 1813 \u2013 March 12, 1888) founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in April, 1866, three days after the first effective legislation against animal cruelty in the United States was passed into law by the New York State Legislature. Bergh also prompted the formation, in 1874, of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (MSPCC) ~ &#8211; more here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_ASPCA_pin\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >\u00a0ASPCA pin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Another_item_in_our_Ernest_Bell_Library_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >Another item in our Ernest Bell Library &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#An_ASPCA_pin_%E2%80%93_for_pinning_to_an_ASPCA_Inspectors_uniform\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >An ASPCA pin &#8211; for pinning to\u00a0an ASPCA Inspector&#8217;s uniform.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#From_Henry_Berghs_era_%E2%80%93_19th_century_%E2%80%93_brass_vitreous_enamel_%E2%80%93_12_mm_diameter\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >From Henry Bergh&#8217;s era &#8211; 19th century &#8211; brass &amp; vitreous enamel &#8211; 12 mm diameter.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_print_at_higher_resolution_%E2%80%93_to_open_click_on_it_%E2%80%93_then_click_again_to_enlarge_it\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >The print at higher resolution &#8211; to open click on it &#8211; then click again to enlarge it.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_Production_of_Harpers_Weekly\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >The Production of Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Harpers_history_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >Harper&#8217;s history &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_The_ancestral_seed_for_Harpers_Weekly_germinated_in_1842_in_London_when_the_management_of_the_London_Illustrated_News_figured_out_how_to_illustrate_the_latest_news_stories_on_a_timely_basis_Traditionally_woodblock_printing_of_illustrations_was_a_labor-intensive_process_requiring_three_steps_First_a_boxwood_block_which_was_the_exact_thickness_of_the_type_was_polished_smooth_Next_an_artist_used_a_pencil_to_draw_his_picture_on_the_block_in_reverse_creating_a_mirror_image_Then_an_engraver_using_a_graver_and_chisels_cut_away_all_the_wood_not_covered_by_pencil_lines\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >~ The ancestral seed for Harper\u2019s Weekly germinated in 1842 in London when the management of the London Illustrated News figured out how to illustrate the latest news stories on a timely basis. Traditionally, woodblock printing of illustrations was a labor-intensive process requiring three steps. First, a boxwood block, which was the exact thickness of the type, was polished smooth. Next, an artist used a pencil to draw his picture on the block in reverse, creating a mirror image. Then an engraver, using a graver and chisels, cut away all the wood not covered by pencil lines.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_new_technique_which_enabled_weekly_news_periodicals_to_meet_publication_deadlines_involved_dividing_the_drawing_into_many_pieces_after_it_was_completed_The_pieces_were_assigned_to_separate_engravers_for_each_block_when_completed_the_blocks_were_reassembled_and_bolted_together_Double-page_prints_required_up_to_40_blocks_The_thin_white_lines_between_blocks_can_be_seen_in_some_of_the_Harpers_Weekly_illustrations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >The new technique, which enabled weekly news periodicals to meet publication deadlines, involved dividing the drawing into many pieces after it was completed. The pieces were assigned to separate engravers for each block; when completed the blocks were reassembled and bolted together. Double-page prints required up to 40 blocks. (The thin white lines between blocks can be seen in some of the Harper\u2019s Weekly illustrations.) ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Our_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >Our Projects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_Henry_Salt_Archive_is_one_of_our_almost_completed_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >The Henry Salt Archive is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_Humanitarian_League_is_our_Hong_Kong_registered_charity_It_cares_for_The_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_was_conceived_in_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >The Humanitarian League is our Hong Kong registered charity. It cares for\u00a0The Ernest Bell Library, which\u00a0was conceived in 1934.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#The_library_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >The library\u00a0is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#the_history_of_Democratic_Socialism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >the history of Democratic Socialism.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#pre-WW2_Trade_Union_badges_pins_ephemera\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >pre-WW2 Trade Union badges \/ pins \/ ephemera.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#What_is_our_connection_with_HappyCow\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >What is our connection with HappyCow?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#HappyCow_is_now_very_%E2%80%98vegan_focused_and_in_our_opinion_is_very_effective_at_promoting_vegan_businesses_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >HappyCow is now very &#8216;vegan focused&#8217; and, in our opinion, is very\u00a0effective at promoting vegan businesses &amp; projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#We_have_been_writing_reviews_on_HappyCow_submitting_new_listings_edits_since_2007\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >We have been writing reviews on HappyCow &amp; submitting new listings &amp; edits since 2007.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Our_library_team_cooperates_with_and_post_articles_to_HappyCow_primarily_because_the_site_is_busy_with_%E2%80%98our_kind_of_people_HappyCow_often_gets_1000000_visits_each_month_our_%E2%80%98message_gets_out_to_many_more_times_the_number_of_people_than_it_did_when_we_used_to_post_only_to_our_UK_based_site_%E2%80%93_wwwhenrysaltcouk\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >Our library team cooperates with, and post articles to, HappyCow, primarily because the site is busy with &#8216;our kind of people&#8217;. HappyCow\u00a0often gets 1,000,000+ visits each month &amp; our &#8216;message&#8217; gets out to many more times the number of people than it did when we used to post only\u00a0to our UK based site &#8211; www.henrysalt.co.uk.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#We_are_deeply_attached_to_the_history_humanitarianism_%E2%80%93_and_especially_attached_to_the_history_of_veganism_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6which_is_know_by_many_different_names_around_the_world_In_1905_Ernest_Bell_referred_to_veganism_%E2%80%98animal_rights_related_plant_eating_as_the_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >We are deeply attached to the history humanitarianism &#8211; and especially attached to the history of veganism\u00a0&#8211; &#8230;&#8230;which is know by many different names around the world.\u00a0In 1905 Ernest Bell referred to veganism \/ &#8216;animal rights related plant eating&#8217;\u00a0as the &#8211;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6wholesome_and_invigorating_diet_of_the_arboreal_ancestors_from_whom_we_inherit_our_canine_teeth_wrongly_so_called%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >\u2018\u2026wholesome and invigorating diet of the arboreal ancestors from whom we inherit our canine teeth (wrongly so called),\u2026\u2019<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >&#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Luckily_for_all_of_us_almost_40_years_later_Fay_K_G_Allan_Henderson_with_input_from_Dorothy_Donald_Watson_thought_up_the_terms_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >Luckily for all of us, almost 40 years later, Fay K. &amp; G. Allan Henderson, with input from Dorothy &amp; Donald Watson thought up the terms &#8211;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%98Vegan_Veganism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >&#8216;Vegan &amp; Veganism&#8217;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#We_now_have_more_than_100_blog_posts_visible_on_HappyCow\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >We now have more than 100 blog posts visible on HappyCow.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#If_anyone_would_like_more_information_about_our_projects_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >If anyone would like more information about our projects, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\"  >&#8211; or message me \u00a0through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/ \n\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\"  >\u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#April_May_2007_%E2%80%93_Satya\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\"  >April \/ May 2007 \u2013 Satya<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#Q_Colleen_Patrick-Goudreau_%E2%80%93_You_use_the_phrase_%E2%80%9Chistorical_amnesia%E2%80%9D_to_refer_to_the_fact_that_contemporary_animal_activists%E2%80%94and_society_as_a_whole%E2%80%94know_nothing_of_the_legacy_of_animal_activism_in_the_US_What_are_some_of_the_effects_of_having_%E2%80%9Chistorical_amnesia%E2%80%9D_Why_is_it_so_important_to_know_our_legacy\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\"  >Q) Colleen Patrick-Goudreau \u2013 You use the phrase \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d to refer to the fact that contemporary animal activists\u2014and society as a whole\u2014know nothing of the legacy of animal activism in the U.S. What are some of the effects of having \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d? Why is it so important to know our legacy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#A_Diane_Beers_%E2%80%93_Animal_advocacy_has_an_amazing_history_yet_it_is_essentially_an_untold_story_African_American_activists_will_often_say_%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D_Indeed_if_activists_dont_know_the_history_of_their_cause_they_can_have_no_sense_of_their_movements_struggles_long-term_strategies_achievements_and_heroes_In_addition_they_cant_promote_their_long_impressive_movement_to_the_public_and_their_opponents%E2%80%94the_meat_industry_medical_research_industry_and_the_government%E2%80%94will_fill_the_void_They_have_been_the_ones_most_aggressively_and_successfully_constructing_negative_images_and_outright_myths_of_animal_advocacy_that_the_public_often_believes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\"  >A)\u00a0Diane Beers \u2013\u00a0Animal advocacy has an amazing history, yet it is essentially an untold story. African American activists will often say, \u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d Indeed, if activists don\u2019t know the history of their cause, they can have no sense of their movement\u2019s struggles, long-term strategies, achievements and heroes. In addition, they can\u2019t promote their long impressive movement to the public, and their opponents\u2014the meat industry, medical research industry and the government\u2014will fill the void. They have been the ones most aggressively and successfully constructing negative images and outright myths of animal advocacy that the public often believes.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_multi-faceted_UK_US_collaboration_From_a_time_when_animal_abuse_was_just_starting_to_receive_mass-media_coverage\"><\/span>Examples of multi-faceted UK &amp; US collaboration. From a time when animal abuse was just starting to receive mass-media coverage.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_580.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16190\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16190 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_580.jpg\" alt=\"Cruelty to Animals Dog Fight_580\" width=\"580\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_580-300x229.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"yiv9567762928yui_3_16_0_10_1400427479647_9\" class=\"yiv9567762928\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cruelty_to_Animals_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CWhich_Are_the_Brutes%E2%80%9D_by_Alfred_Rudolph_Waud\"><\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462765583338_5879\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462765583338_5878\" class=\"yiv9567762928\">Cruelty to Animals &#8211; &#8220;Which Are the Brutes?&#8221;<\/span> by Alfred Rudolph Waud<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 id=\"yiv9567762928yui_3_16_0_10_1400427479647_9\" class=\"yiv9567762928\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_illustration_exposing_cruelty_to_animals_published_in_%E2%80%93_Harpers_Weekly_A_Journal_of_Civilization_February_23_1867\"><\/span>An illustration\u00a0exposing cruelty to animals,\u00a0published in &#8211; Harper&#8217;s Weekly, A Journal of Civilization, February 23, 1867.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>An item in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\"  target=\"_blank\">Ernest Bell Library<\/a> &#8211;<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Striking_artwork_%E2%80%93_produced_almost_150_years_ago\"><\/span>Striking artwork &#8211; produced almost 150 years ago.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_would_have_been_seen_by_many_%E2%80%98educated_people\"><\/span>It would have been seen by many &#8216;educated&#8217; people.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_exposed_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>It exposed &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_abuse_of_animals_for_gaming_gambling_purposes\"><\/span>the abuse of animals for gaming \/ gambling purposes.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_abuse_of_animals_working_in_transportation\"><\/span>the abuse of animals working in transportation.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_abuse_of_animals_in_food_production\"><\/span>the abuse of animals in food production.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_abuse_of_stray_animals\"><\/span>the abuse of stray animals.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_images_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>The images &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_top_left_clockwise_%E2%80%93_Gamblers_at_a_Cock_Fight_%E2%80%93_Abusing_Cart_Horses_at_a_Milk_Depot_%E2%80%93_Gamblers_at_a_Dog_Fight_%E2%80%93_Abusing_Stray_Dogs_%E2%80%93_Torturing_Cats_%E2%80%93_Taking_Downer_Diseased_Cows_to_Slaughter_the_cart_driver_whipping_the_horse_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>From top left clockwise &#8211; Gamblers at a Cock Fight &#8211; Abusing Cart Horses at a Milk Depot &#8211; Gamblers at a Dog Fight &#8211; Abusing Stray Dogs &#8211; Torturing Cats &#8211; Taking Downer \/ Diseased\u00a0Cows to Slaughter, the cart driver whipping the horse &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Central_image_%E2%80%93_Horse_Drawn_Tram_the_horse_being_whipped\"><\/span>Central image &#8211; Horse Drawn Tram, the horse being whipped.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reproduced_at_higher_resolution_below\"><\/span>Reproduced at higher resolution below.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div data-contents=\"true\">\n<div data-offset-key=\"dbgb1-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"6m5nr\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Artist\"><\/span>The Artist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Alfred_Waud.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16191\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16191 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Alfred_Waud.jpg\" alt=\"Alfred_Waud\" width=\"580\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Alfred_Waud.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Alfred_Waud-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Alfred Rudolph Waud (October 2, 1828 \u2013 April 6, 1891) <\/span><\/span>was originally from London, UK. He had emigrated to the US &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Waud\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Wiki<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span>\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Period\"><\/span>The Period<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_few_months_before_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>A few months before &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">~ Henry Bergh (August 29, 1813 \u2013 March 12, 1888) founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in April, 1866, three days after the first effective legislation against animal cruelty in the United States was passed into law by the New York State Legislature. Bergh also prompted the formation, in 1874, of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (MSPCC) ~ &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Bergh\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16193\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16193 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF.jpg\" alt=\"ASPCAF\" width=\"580\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAF-36x36.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16194\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16194 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR.jpg\" alt=\"ASPCAR\" width=\"580\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-115x115.jpg 115w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ASPCAR-120x120.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_ASPCA_pin\"><\/span>\u00a0ASPCA pin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Another_item_in_our_Ernest_Bell_Library_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Another item in our Ernest Bell Library &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_ASPCA_pin_%E2%80%93_for_pinning_to_an_ASPCA_Inspectors_uniform\"><\/span>An ASPCA pin &#8211; for pinning to\u00a0an ASPCA Inspector&#8217;s uniform.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_Henry_Berghs_era_%E2%80%93_19th_century_%E2%80%93_brass_vitreous_enamel_%E2%80%93_12_mm_diameter\"><\/span>From Henry Bergh&#8217;s era &#8211; 19th century &#8211; brass &amp; vitreous enamel &#8211; 12 mm diameter.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span>\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_print_at_higher_resolution_%E2%80%93_to_open_click_on_it_%E2%80%93_then_click_again_to_enlarge_it\"><\/span>The print at higher resolution &#8211; to open click on it &#8211; then click again to enlarge it.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"enurf-0-0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16195\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16195\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1.jpg\" alt=\"Cruelty to Animals Dog Fight_0001 (1)\" width=\"2789\" height=\"2135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1.jpg 2789w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1-768x588.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_0001-1-1024x784.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2789px) 100vw, 2789px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span>\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Production_of_Harpers_Weekly\"><\/span>The Production of Harper&#8217;s Weekly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4>Harper&#8217;s history &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harpweek.com\/02About\/about.asp\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_The_ancestral_seed_for_Harpers_Weekly_germinated_in_1842_in_London_when_the_management_of_the_London_Illustrated_News_figured_out_how_to_illustrate_the_latest_news_stories_on_a_timely_basis_Traditionally_woodblock_printing_of_illustrations_was_a_labor-intensive_process_requiring_three_steps_First_a_boxwood_block_which_was_the_exact_thickness_of_the_type_was_polished_smooth_Next_an_artist_used_a_pencil_to_draw_his_picture_on_the_block_in_reverse_creating_a_mirror_image_Then_an_engraver_using_a_graver_and_chisels_cut_away_all_the_wood_not_covered_by_pencil_lines\"><\/span>~ <span data-offset-key=\"1fm6c-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">The ancestral seed for Harper\u2019s Weekly germinated in 1842 in London when the management of the London Illustrated News figured out how to illustrate the latest news stories on a timely basis. Traditionally, woodblock printing of illustrations was a labor-intensive process requiring three steps. First, a boxwood block, which was the exact thickness of the type, was polished smooth. Next, an artist used a pencil to draw his picture on the block in reverse, creating a mirror image. Then an engraver, using a graver and chisels, cut away all the wood not covered by pencil lines.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div data-contents=\"true\">\n<div data-offset-key=\"dbgb1-0-0\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"6m5nr\">\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"dbgb1-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_new_technique_which_enabled_weekly_news_periodicals_to_meet_publication_deadlines_involved_dividing_the_drawing_into_many_pieces_after_it_was_completed_The_pieces_were_assigned_to_separate_engravers_for_each_block_when_completed_the_blocks_were_reassembled_and_bolted_together_Double-page_prints_required_up_to_40_blocks_The_thin_white_lines_between_blocks_can_be_seen_in_some_of_the_Harpers_Weekly_illustrations\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dbgb1-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">The new technique, which enabled weekly news periodicals to meet publication deadlines, involved dividing the drawing into many pieces after it was completed. The pieces were assigned to separate engravers for each block; when completed the blocks were reassembled and bolted together. Double-page prints required up to 40 blocks. (The thin white lines between blocks can be seen in some of the Harper\u2019s Weekly illustrations.) ~<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_Projects\"><\/span>Our Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/info\/\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/strong> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/h4>\n<h4><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/strong><\/em> is our Hong Kong registered charity. It cares for\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em>, which\u00a0was conceived in 1934.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_library_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>The library\u00a0is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\"><\/span>the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_history_of_Democratic_Socialism\"><\/span>the history of Democratic Socialism.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pre-WW2_Trade_Union_badges_pins_ephemera\"><\/span>pre-WW2 Trade Union badges \/ pins \/ ephemera.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span>There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an <em>Ernest Bell Library<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>nd so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Henry S. Salt \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\">writing<\/a><\/span> in September 1934<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_our_connection_with_HappyCow\"><\/span>What is our connection with HappyCow?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HappyCow_is_now_very_%E2%80%98vegan_focused_and_in_our_opinion_is_very_effective_at_promoting_vegan_businesses_projects\"><\/span>HappyCow is now very &#8216;vegan focused&#8217; and, in our opinion, is very\u00a0effective at promoting vegan businesses &amp; projects.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_have_been_writing_reviews_on_HappyCow_submitting_new_listings_edits_since_2007\"><\/span>We have been writing reviews on HappyCow &amp; submitting new listings &amp; edits since 2007.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Our library team cooperates with, and post articles to, HappyCow, primarily because the site is busy with &#8216;our kind of people&#8217;. HappyCow\u00a0often gets 1,000,000+ visits each month &amp; our &#8216;message&#8217; gets out to many more times the number of people than it did when we used to post only\u00a0to our UK based site &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">www.henrysalt.co.uk<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_deeply_attached_to_the_history_humanitarianism_%E2%80%93_and_especially_attached_to_the_history_of_veganism_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6which_is_know_by_many_different_names_around_the_world_In_1905_Ernest_Bell_referred_to_veganism_%E2%80%98animal_rights_related_plant_eating_as_the_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are deeply attached to the history humanitarianism &#8211; and especially attached to the history of veganism\u00a0&#8211; &#8230;&#8230;which is know by many different names around the world.\u00a0In 1905 Ernest Bell referred to veganism \/ &#8216;animal rights related plant eating&#8217;\u00a0as the &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6wholesome_and_invigorating_diet_of_the_arboreal_ancestors_from_whom_we_inherit_our_canine_teeth_wrongly_so_called%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u2018\u2026wholesome and invigorating diet of the arboreal ancestors from whom we inherit our canine teeth (wrongly so called),\u2026\u2019 <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>&#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">more<\/a><\/span>.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Luckily_for_all_of_us_almost_40_years_later_Fay_K_G_Allan_Henderson_with_input_from_Dorothy_Donald_Watson_thought_up_the_terms_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Luckily for all of us, almost 40 years later, Fay K. &amp; G. Allan Henderson, with input from Dorothy &amp; Donald Watson thought up the terms &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Vegan_Veganism\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8216;Vegan &amp; Veganism&#8217;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_now_have_more_than_100_blog_posts_visible_on_HappyCow\"><\/span>We now have more than 100 blog posts visible on HappyCow.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_would_like_more_information_about_our_projects_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>If anyone would like more information about our projects, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">com<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me \u00a0through<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0HappyCow<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong><a title=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><em>\u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d<\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><em>April \/ May 2007 \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.satyamag.com\/apr07\/goudreau.html\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"April\/May 2007 Know Your History The Satya Interview with Diane Beers By Colleen Patrick-Goudreau\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Satya<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Q)<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.joyfulvegan.com\/\" title=\"Colleen Patrick-Goudreau\u2019s compassionate living philosophy is propelling plant-based eating into the mainstream and forever changing how we regard animals.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau<\/a> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2013 You use the phrase \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d to refer to the fact that contemporary animal activists\u2014and society as a whole\u2014know nothing of the legacy of animal activism in the U.S. What are some of the effects of having \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d? Why is it so important to know our legacy?<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">A)\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/idratherbewithmydog.net\/professor-with-a-big-heart\/\" title=\"Diane Beers, teacher and writer and lifelong animal lover. I was the kid who brought home the strays \u2013thanks to mom for always letting me do so\u2013volunteered at shelters, and now teach about the history of animal rights. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Diane Beers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2013\u00a0Animal advocacy has an amazing history, yet it is essentially an untold story. African American activists will often say, \u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d Indeed, if activists don\u2019t know the history of their cause, they can have no sense of their movement\u2019s struggles, long-term strategies, achievements and heroes. In addition, they can\u2019t promote their long impressive movement to the public, and their opponents\u2014the meat industry, medical research industry and the government\u2014will fill the void. They have been the ones most aggressively and successfully constructing negative images and outright myths of animal advocacy that the public often believes.<\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Examples of multi-faceted UK &amp; US collaboration. From a time when animal abuse was just starting to receive mass-media coverage. Cruelty to Animals &#8211; &#8220;Which Are the Brutes?&#8221; by Alfred Rudolph Waud An illustration\u00a0exposing cruelty to animals,\u00a0published in &#8211; Harper&#8217;s Weekly, A Journal of Civilization, February 23, 1867. An item in our Ernest Bell Library &#8211; Striking artwork &#8211; produced almost 150 years ago. It would have been seen by many &#8216;educated&#8217; people. It exposed &#8211; the abuse of animals for gaming \/ gambling purposes. the abuse of animals working in transportation. the abuse of animals in food production. the abuse of stray animals. The images &#8211; From top left clockwise &#8211; Gamblers at a Cock Fight &#8211; Abusing Cart Horses at a Milk Depot &#8211; Gamblers at a Dog Fight &#8211; Abusing Stray Dogs &#8211; Torturing Cats &#8211; Taking Downer \/ Diseased\u00a0Cows to Slaughter, the cart driver whipping the horse &#8211; Central image &#8211; Horse Drawn Tram, the horse being whipped. Reproduced at higher resolution below. \u00a0&#8230;&#8230; The Artist Alfred Rudolph Waud (October 2, 1828 \u2013 April 6, 1891) was originally from London, UK. He had emigrated to the US &#8211; Wiki. \u00a0&#8230;&#8230; The Period A few months before [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":16198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[2697,2700,2695,1152,2698,2699,2701,2696],"class_list":["post-16189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-rights","category-general","tag-alfred-rudolph-waud","tag-american-society-for-the-prevention-of-cruelty-to-animals","tag-cruelty-to-animals","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-harpers-weekly","tag-henry-bergh","tag-massachusetts-society-for-the-prevention-of-cruelty-to-children","tag-which-are-the-brutes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cruelty To Animals - Exposed - 1860s - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cruelty To Animals - Exposed - 1860s - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Examples of multi-faceted UK &amp; US collaboration. From a time when animal abuse was just starting to receive mass-media coverage. Cruelty to Animals &#8211; &#8220;Which Are the Brutes?&#8221; by Alfred Rudolph Waud An illustration\u00a0exposing cruelty to animals,\u00a0published in &#8211; Harper&#8217;s Weekly, A Journal of Civilization, February 23, 1867. An item in our Ernest Bell Library &#8211; Striking artwork &#8211; produced almost 150 years ago. It would have been seen by many &#8216;educated&#8217; people. It exposed &#8211; the abuse of animals for gaming \/ gambling purposes. the abuse of animals working in transportation. the abuse of animals in food production. the abuse of stray animals. The images &#8211; From top left clockwise &#8211; Gamblers at a Cock Fight &#8211; Abusing Cart Horses at a Milk Depot &#8211; Gamblers at a Dog Fight &#8211; Abusing Stray Dogs &#8211; Torturing Cats &#8211; Taking Downer \/ Diseased\u00a0Cows to Slaughter, the cart driver whipping the horse &#8211; Central image &#8211; Horse Drawn Tram, the horse being whipped. Reproduced at higher resolution below. \u00a0&#8230;&#8230; The Artist Alfred Rudolph Waud (October 2, 1828 \u2013 April 6, 1891) was originally from London, UK. He had emigrated to the US &#8211; Wiki. \u00a0&#8230;&#8230; The Period A few months before [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-12T19:40:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-07-01T04:41:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Cruelty-to-Animals-Dog-Fight_mini.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"207\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cruelty-to-animals\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Cruelty To Animals &#8211; 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