{"id":16079,"date":"2016-05-09T12:39:50","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T19:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=16079"},"modified":"2016-05-10T00:58:56","modified_gmt":"2016-05-10T07:58:56","slug":"vegan-satire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/","title":{"rendered":"Satire, Thinking And Literature &#8211; &#8216;Vegans&#8217; From 200 Years Ago"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Note_%E2%80%93_we_use_%E2%80%98vegan_and_%E2%80%98vegans_in_inverted_commas_here_because_we_are_discussing_a_period_long_before_the_word_vegan_came_into_existence_Even_the_word_vegetarian_was_not_yet_in_use_Pythagorean_Vegetable_Eater_Eating_%E2%80%93_these_were_the_commonly_used_terms\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Note &#8211; we use &#8216;vegan&#8217; and &#8216;vegans&#8217; in inverted commas here, because we are discussing a period long before the word vegan came into existence. Even the word vegetarian was not yet in use. Pythagorean &amp; Vegetable Eater \/ Eating\u00a0&#8211; these were the commonly used terms.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Our_history_is_rich_indeed_Circa_200_years_ago_in_the_UK_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >Our\u00a0history is rich indeed. Circa 200 years ago in the UK &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#There_had_recently_been_a_%E2%80%98vegan_or_close_to_vegan_Sheriff_of_London_%E2%80%93_Sir_Richard_Phillips\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >There had recently been a &#8216;vegan&#8217; (or close to vegan) Sheriff of London &#8211; Sir Richard Phillips.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#At_potlucks_you_might_have_got_to_sit_chat_with_the_Shelleys_We_love_the_genius_of_Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_thinking_up_the_%E2%80%98vegan_monster_of_Victor_Frankenstein\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >At potlucks you might\u00a0have got\u00a0to sit &amp; chat with\u00a0the Shelleys. We love the genius of\u00a0Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,\u00a0thinking up\u00a0the &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster\u00a0of\u00a0Victor Frankenstein.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6vegans_were_being_%E2%80%98ribbed_by_carnists\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8217;vegans&#8217; were being &#8216;ribbed&#8217; by carnists.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#This_208_years_old_print_is_in_our_Ernest_Bell_Library_It_%E2%80%98links_us_to_these_great_thinkers_who_were_both_humanitarians_and_very_often_vegetarians_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6apparently_coming_close_to_what_we_now_call_veganism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >This 208 years old print is in our Ernest Bell Library. It &#8216;links&#8217; us to\u00a0these great thinkers, who were both humanitarians, and\u00a0very often\u00a0vegetarians,\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;apparently coming\u00a0close to\u00a0what we now call veganism.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#All_discussed_more_below%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >All discussed more below&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#TRIUMPHAL_PROCESSION_OF_THE_HOG_IN_ARMOUR\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF THE HOG IN ARMOUR.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_Print_Explained\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >The Print Explained<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_was_being_satirized_in_a_drawing_by_Samuel_de_Wilde_which_had_been_commissioned_published_by_Samuel_Tipper\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >Sir Richard Phillips was being satirized in a drawing by Samuel de Wilde, which had been commissioned &amp; published by Samuel Tipper.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_was_a_recently_knighted_Sheriff_of_London_and_also_a_publisher_Here_he_is_shown_as_the_hog_being_carried_by_some_of_his_hack_writers_Phillips_had_been_attacked_in_the_journal_Satirist_over_a_court_case_regarding_a_book_he_had_published_and_he_in_turn_had_taken_the_Satirist_to_court_over_a_hostile_review_of_his_publication_Nursery_Tales_and_although_successful_in_this_he_was_only_awarded_a_shilling_damages\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >Sir Richard Phillips was a\u00a0recently knighted Sheriff of London and also a publisher. Here he is shown as the hog being carried by some of his hack writers. Phillips had been attacked in the journal\u00a0Satirist over a court case regarding a book he had published and he in turn had taken the Satirist to court over a hostile review of his publication Nursery Tales and although successful in this he was only awarded a shilling damages.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Provision_Farmers_Hogs_Feast\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >Provision (Farmers?) Hog&#8217;s Feast<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_woman_on_the_left_carrying_the_basket_of_vegetables_is_a_reference_to_the_fact_that_Sir_Richard_was_a_vegetable_eater_The_story_of_Sir_Richard_Phillips_conversion_to_vegetable_eating_can_be_read_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >The woman on the left carrying the basket\u00a0of vegetables is a reference to the fact that\u00a0Sir Richard\u00a0was a vegetable eater. The story of Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; conversion\u00a0to vegetable eating can be read\u00a0&#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Description_%E2%80%93_13%C2%BC_x_7%C2%BE_%E2%80%93_uncoloured_aquatint_Thomaso_Scrutiny_Esqr_invt_a_pseudonym_of_the_artist_Samuel_De_Wilde_%E2%80%93_more_Published_for_the_Satirist_by_S_Samuel_Tipper_37_Leadenhall_Street\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >Description &#8211; 13\u00bc x 7\u00be &#8211; uncoloured aquatint. Thomaso Scrutiny, Esqr., invt. ( a pseudonym of the artist Samuel De Wilde &#8211; more). Published for the Satirist by S. (Samuel) Tipper 37 Leadenhall Street.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#It_dates_from_%E2%80%93_1_August_1808_It_originally_appeared_as_a_plate_in_the_Satirist_Volume_iii_I_as_an_illustration_to_the_article_%E2%80%98A_Letter_to_Sir_Richard_Phillips_Knt_The_article_is_8_pages_long_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >It dates from &#8211; 1 August 1808. It originally appeared as a plate\u00a0in the Satirist, Volume iii. I., as an illustration to the article,\u00a0&#8216;A Letter to Sir Richard Phillips Knt&#8217;. The\u00a0article\u00a0is 8 pages long &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_%E2%80%93_Biographical_Notes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >Sir Richard Phillips &#8211; Biographical Notes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_13_December_1767_%E2%80%93_2_April_1840_was_an_English_schoolteacher_author_and_publisher_He_was_a_vegetarian_possibly_a_100_vegetarian\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >Sir Richard Phillips (13 December 1767 \u2013 2 April 1840) was an English schoolteacher, author and publisher. He was a vegetarian, possibly a 100% vegetarian.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#He_established_premises_in_Paternoster_Row_St_Pauls_Churchyard_and_founded_The_Monthly_Magazine_in_1796_its_editor_was_Dr_John_Aikin_and_among_its_early_contributors_were_fellow_radicals_William_Godwin_father_of_Mary_Godwin_%E2%80%93_later_Mary_Shelley_and_Thomas_Holcroft_He_built_up_a_prominent_fortune_based_on_the_speculative_commission_of_newly_revised_textbooks_and_their_publication_in_a_competitive_market_that_had_been_freed_by_the_House_of_Lords_decision_in_1777_to_strike_down_the_perpetual_copyright_asserted_by_a_small_group_of_London_booksellers_to_standard_introductory_works_His_Juvenile_Library_published_in_1800%E2%80%9303_provided_the_steady_returns_of_all_successful_childrens_books_By_1807_he_was_in_sufficient_standing_to_serve_as_a_Sheriff_of_London_at_which_time_he_was_knighted_on_the_occasion_of_presenting_an_address_%E2%80%93_Wiki\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >He established premises in Paternoster Row, St. Paul&#8217;s Churchyard, and founded The Monthly Magazine in 1796; its editor was Dr. John Aikin, and among its early contributors were fellow radicals William Godwin (father of Mary Godwin &#8211; later Mary Shelley) and Thomas Holcroft. He built up a prominent fortune based on the speculative commission of newly revised textbooks and their publication, in a competitive market that had been freed by the House of Lords&#8217; decision in 1777 to strike down the perpetual copyright asserted by a small group of London booksellers to standard introductory works. His Juvenile Library published in 1800\u201303 provided the steady returns of all successful children&#8217;s books. By 1807 he was in sufficient standing to serve as a Sheriff of London, at which time he was knighted on the occasion of presenting an address. &#8211; Wiki.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >Reasons\u00a0for\u00a0not Eating Animal Food<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#From_the_book_%E2%80%93_The_Ethics_of_Diet_%E2%80%93_A_Catena_by_Howard_Williams_MA_1883_%E2%80%93_read_the_book_in_full_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >From the book &#8211; The Ethics of Diet &#8211; A Catena by Howard Williams M.A., 1883 &#8211; read\u00a0the book\u00a0in full &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#In_1811_Phillips_published_his_Treatise_on_the_Powers_and_Duties_of_Juries_and_on_the_Criminal_Laws_of_England_Three_years_later_Golden_Rules_for_Jurymen_which_he_afterwards_expanded_into_a_book_entitled_Golden_Rules_of_Social_Philosophy_1826_in_which_he_lays_down_rules_of_conduct_for_the_ordinary_business_of_life_%E2%80%93_lawyers_clergymen_schoolmasters_and_others_being_the_objects_of_his_admonitions_It_is_in_this_work_that_the_civic_dignitary_%E2%80%93_so_%E2%80%9Csplendidly_false%E2%80%9D_to_the_habits_of_his_class_%E2%80%93_sets_forth_at_length_the_principles_upon_which_his_unalterable_faith_in_the_truth_of_humanitarian_dietetics_was_founded_The_reasons_of_this_%E2%80%9Ctrue_confession%E2%80%9D_are_fully_and_perspicuously_specified_and_the_first_forms_the_key-note_of_the_rest\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >In 1811 Phillips published his Treatise on the Powers and Duties of Juries, and on the Criminal Laws of England. Three years later Golden Rules for Jurymen, which he afterwards expanded into a book entitled Golden Rules of Social Philosophy (1826), in which he lays down rules of conduct for the ordinary business of life &#8211; lawyers, clergymen, schoolmasters, and others being the objects of his admonitions. It is in this work that the civic dignitary &#8211; so &#8220;splendidly false&#8221; to the habits of his class &#8211; sets forth at length the principles upon which his unalterable faith in the truth of humanitarian dietetics was founded. The reasons of this &#8220;true confession&#8221; are fully and perspicuously specified, and the first forms the key-note of the rest :-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#1_Because_being_mortal_himself_and_holding_his_life_on_the_same_uncertain_and_precarious_tenure_as_all_other_sensitive_beings_he_does_not_find_himself_justified_by_any_supposed_superiority_or_inequality_of_condition_in_destroying_the_enjoyment_of_existence_of_any_other_mortal_except_in_the_necessary_defence_of_his_own_life\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >1. Because, being mortal himself, and holding his life on the same uncertain and precarious tenure as all other sensitive beings, he does not find himself justified, by any supposed superiority or inequality of condition, in destroying the enjoyment of existence of any other mortal, except in the necessary defence of his own life.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#2_Because_the_desire_of_life_is_so_paramount_and_so_affectingly_cherished_in_all_sensitive_beings_that_he_cannot_reconcile_it_to_his_feelings_to_destroy_or_become_a_voluntary_party_in_the_destruction_of_any_innocent_being_being_however_much_in_his_power_or_apparently_insignificant\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >2. Because the desire of life is so paramount, and so affectingly cherished in all sensitive beings, that he cannot reconcile it to his feelings to destroy or become a voluntary party in the destruction of any innocent being being, however much in his power, or apparently insignificant.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#3_Because_he_feels_the_same_abhorrence_from_devouring_flesh_in_general_that_he_hears_carnivorous_men_express_against_eating_human_flesh_or_the_flesh_of_Horses_Dogs_Cats_or_other_animals_which_in_some_countries_it_is_not_customary_for_carnivorous_men_to_devour\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >3. Because he feels the same abhorrence from devouring flesh in general that he hears carnivorous men express against eating human flesh, or the flesh of Horses, Dogs, Cats, or other animals which, in some countries, it is not customary for carnivorous men to devour.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#4_Because_Nature_seems_to_have_made_a_superabundant_provision_for_the_nourishment_of_frugivorous_animals_in_the_saccharine_matter_of_Roots_and_Fruits_in_the_farinaceous_matter_of_Grain_Seed_and_Pulse_and_in_the_oleaginous_matter_of_the_Stalks_Leaves_and_Pericarps_of_numerous_vegetables\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >4. Because Nature seems to have made a superabundant provision for the nourishment of [frugivorous] animals in the saccharine matter of Roots and Fruits, in the farinaceous matter of Grain, Seed, and Pulse, and in the oleaginous matter of the Stalks, Leaves and Pericarps of numerous vegetables.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#5_Because_he_feels_an_utter_and_unconquerable_repugnance_against_receiving_into_his_stomach_the_flesh_or_juices_of_deceased_animal_organisation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >5. Because he feels an utter and unconquerable repugnance against receiving into his stomach the flesh or juices of deceased animal organisation.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#6_Because_the_destruction_of_the_mechanical_organisation_of_vegetables_inflicts_no_sensible_suffering_not_violates_any_moral_feeling_while_vegetables_serve_to_sustain_his_health_strength_and_spirits_above_those_of_most_carnivorous_men\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >6. Because the destruction of the mechanical organisation of vegetables inflicts no sensible suffering, not violates any moral feeling, while vegetables serve to sustain his health strength, and spirits above those of most carnivorous men.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#7_Because_during_thirty_years_of_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_deceased_sensitive_beings_he_finds_that_he_has_not_suffered_a_days_serious_illness_that_his_animal_strength_and_vigour_have_been_equal_or_superior_to_that_of_other_men_and_that_his_mind_has_been_fully_equal_to_numerous_shocks_which_he_has_had_to_encounter_from_malice_envy_and_various_acts_of_turpitude_in_his_fellow-men\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >7. Because during thirty years of rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of deceased sensitive beings, he finds that he has not suffered a day&#8217;s serious illness, that his animal strength and vigour have been equal or superior to that of other men, and that his mind has been fully equal to numerous shocks which he has had to encounter from malice, envy, and various acts of turpitude in his fellow-men.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#8_Because_observing_that_carnivorous_propensities_among_animals_are_accompanied_by_a_total_want_of_sympathetic_feelings_and_gentle_sentiments_%E2%80%93_as_in_the_Hyena_the_Tiger_the_Vulture_the_eagle_the_Crocodile_and_the_Shark_%E2%80%93_he_conceives_that_the_practice_of_these_carnivorous_tyrants_affords_no_worthy_example_for_the_imitation_or_justification_of_rational_reflecting_and_conscientious_beings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >8. Because observing that carnivorous propensities among animals are accompanied by a total want of sympathetic feelings and gentle sentiments &#8211; as in the Hyena, the Tiger, the Vulture, the eagle, the Crocodile, and the Shark &#8211; he conceives that the practice of these carnivorous tyrants affords no worthy example for the imitation or justification of rational, reflecting, and conscientious beings.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#9_Because_he_observes_that_carnivorous_men_unrestrained_by_reflection_or_sentiment_even_refine_on_the_most_cruel_practices_of_the_most_savage_animals_of_other_species_and_apply_their_resources_of_mind_and_art_to_prolong_the_miseries_of_the_victims_of_their_appetites_%E2%80%93_bleeding_skinning_roasting_and_boiling_animals_alive_and_torturing_them_without_reservation_or_remorse_if_they_thereby_add_to_the_variety_or_the_delicacy_of_their_carnivorous_gluttony\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >9. Because he observes that carnivorous men, unrestrained by reflection or sentiment, even refine on the most cruel practices of the most savage animals [of other species] and apply their resources of mind and art to prolong the miseries of the victims of their appetites &#8211; bleeding, skinning, roasting, and boiling animals alive, and torturing them without reservation or remorse, if they thereby add to the variety or the delicacy of their carnivorous gluttony.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#10_Because_the_natural_sentiments_and_sympathies_of_human_beings_in_regard_to_the_killing_of_other_animals_are_generally_so_averse_from_the_practice_that_few_men_or_women_could_devour_the_animals_whom_they_might_be_obliged_themselves_to_kill_and_yet_they_forget_or_affect_to_forget_the_living_endearments_or_dying_sufferings_of_the_being_while_they_are_wantoning_over_his_remains\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >10. Because the natural sentiments and sympathies of human beings, in regard to the killing of other animals, are generally so averse from the practice that few men or women could devour the animals whom they might be obliged themselves to kill; and yet they forget, or affect to forget, the living endearments or dying sufferings of the being, while they are wantoning over his remains.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#11_Because_the_human_stomach_appears_to_be_naturally_so_averse_from_receiving_the_remains_of_the_animals_that_few_people_could_partake_of_them_if_they_were_not_disguised_and_flavoured_by_culinary_preparation_yet_rational_beings_ought_to_feel_that_the_prepared_substances_are_not_the_less_what_they_truly_are_and_that_no_disguise_of_food_in_itself_loathsome_ought_to_delude_the_unsophisticated_perceptions_of_a_considerate_mind\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >11. Because the human stomach appears to be naturally so averse from receiving the remains of the animals, that few people could partake of them if they were not disguised and flavoured by culinary preparation; yet rational beings ought to feel that the prepared substances are not the less what they truly are, and that no disguise of food, in itself loathsome, ought to delude the unsophisticated perceptions of a considerate mind.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#12_Because_the_forty-seven_millions_of_acres_in_England_and_Wales_would_maintain_in_abundance_as_many_human_inhabitants_if_they_lived_wholly_on_grain_fruits_and_vegetables_but_they_sustain_only_twelve_millions_in_1811_scantily_while_animal_food_is_made_the_basis_of_human_subsistence\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >12. Because the forty-seven millions of acres in England and Wales would maintain in abundance as many human inhabitants, if they lived wholly on grain, fruits, and vegetables; but they sustain only twelve millions [in 1811] scantily, while animal food is made the basis of human subsistence.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#13_Because_animals_do_not_present_or_contain_the_substance_of_food_in_mass_like_vegetables_every_part_of_their_economy_being_subservient_to_their_mere_existence_and_their_entire_frames_being_solely_composed_of_blood_necessary_for_life_of_bones_for_strength_of_muscles_for_motion_and_of_nerves_for_sensation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >13. Because animals do not present or contain the substance of food in mass, like vegetables; every part of their economy being subservient to their mere existence, and their entire frames being solely composed of blood necessary for life, of bones for strength, of muscles for motion, and of nerves for sensation.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#14_Because_the_practice_of_killing_and_devouring_animals_can_be_justified_by_no_moral_plea_by_no_physical_benefit_nor_by_any_just_allegation_of_necessity_in_countries_where_there_is_abundance_of_vegetable_food_and_where_the_arts_of_gardening_and_husbandry_are_favoured_by_social_protection_and_by_the_genial_character_of_the_soil_and_climate\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >14. Because the practice of killing and devouring animals can be justified by no moral plea, by no physical benefit, nor by any just allegation of necessity in countries where there is abundance of vegetable food, and where the arts of gardening and husbandry are favoured by social protection, and by the genial character of the soil and climate.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#15_Because_wherever_the_number_an_hostility_of_predatory_land_animals_might_so_tend_to_prevent_the_cultivation_of_vegetable_food_as_to_render_it_necessary_to_destroy_and_perhaps_to_eat_them_there_could_in_that_case_exist_no_necessity_for_destroying_the_animated_existences_of_the_distinct_elements_of_air_and_water_and_as_in_most_civilised_countries_there_exist_no_land_animals_besides_those_which_are_properly_bred_for_slaughter_or_luxury_of_course_the_destruction_of_mammals_and_birds_in_such_countries_must_be_ascribed_either_to_unthinking_wantonness_or_to_carnivorous_gluttony\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >15. Because wherever the number an hostility of predatory land animals might so tend to prevent the cultivation of vegetable food as to render it necessary to destroy and, perhaps, to eat them, there could in that case exist no necessity for destroying the animated existences of the distinct elements of air and water; and, as in most civilised countries, there exist no land animals besides those which are properly bred for slaughter or luxury, of course the destruction of mammals and birds in such countries must be ascribed either to unthinking wantonness or to carnivorous gluttony.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#16_Because_the_stomachs_of_locomotive_beings_appear_to_have_been_provided_for_the_purpose_of_conveying_about_with_the_moving_animal_nutritive_substances_analogous_in_effect_to_the_soil_in_which_are_fixed_the_roots_of_plants_and_therefore_nothing_ought_to_be_introduced_into_the_stomach_for_digestion_and_for_absorption_by_the_lacteals_or_roots_of_the_animal_system_but_the_natural_bases_of_simple_nutrition_%E2%80%93_as_the_saccharine_the_oleagious_and_the_farinaceous_matter_of_the_vegetable_kingdom\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >16. Because the stomachs of locomotive beings appear to have been provided for the purpose of conveying about with the moving animal nutritive substances, analogous in effect to the soil in which are fixed the roots of plants and, therefore, nothing ought to be introduced into the stomach for digestion and for absorption by the lacteals, or roots of the animal system, but the natural bases of simple nutrition &#8211; as the saccharine, the oleagious, and the farinaceous matter of the vegetable kingdom.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Thanks_to_Google_Search_wwwarchiveorg_%E2%80%93_we_now_know_that_Howard_Williams_had_edited_22_%E2%80%98Reasons%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6_down_to_just_16\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >Thanks to Google Search &amp; www.archive.org &#8211; \u00a0we now know that Howard Williams had edited 22\u00a0&#8216;Reasons&#8230;&#8230;&#8217; down to just 16.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_Howard_Williams_removed_censored_the_racist_colonialist_points_made_them_more_suitable_for_his_1880s_humanitarian_readers_an_early_example_of_%E2%80%98political_correctness\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >\u00a0Howard Williams\u00a0removed \/ censored\u00a0the racist &amp; colonialist points = made them more suitable for\u00a0his 1880s humanitarian readers\u00a0=\u00a0 an early example of &#8216;political correctness&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Golden_rules_of_social_philosophy_by_Phillips_Richard_Sir_Published_1826_Publisher_London_Printed_for_the_author\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >Golden rules of social philosophy; by Phillips, Richard, Sir,\u00a0\u00a0Published 1826,\u00a0Publisher London, Printed for the author.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_An_online_copy_of_the_original_book_Originally_with_22_Reasons_%E2%80%93_pages_347_to_356_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >\u00a0An online copy of the original book. Originally with\u00a0&#8217;22 Reasons&#8217; &#8211;\u00a0pages 347 to 356 &#8211;\u00a0here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6and_we_also_now_know_that_Sir_Richard_Phillips_talked_about_his_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >&#8230;&#8230;and, we also now know that Sir Richard Phillips talked about\u00a0his &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_%E2%80%A6forty-six_years_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_deceased_sensitive_beings%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >~\u00a0 &#8230;forty-six years&#8217; rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of deceased sensitive beings,&#8230;&#8230; ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%93_1826_%E2%80%93_minus_46_1780_%E2%80%93_so_he_probably_changed_in_1780\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >&#8211; 1826 &#8211; minus 46 = 1780 &#8211;\u00a0so he probably changed in 1780!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#For_historical_academic_interest_we_have_added_the_full_set_of_22_original_points_at_the_bottom_of_this_blog_post\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >For historical \/ academic interest, we have added the full set of 22 original points, at the bottom of this blog post.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_%E2%80%93_Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_%E2%80%93_the_connection_with_Sir_Richard_Phillips\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley &#8211; Percy Bysshe Shelley &#8211; the connection with Sir Richard Phillips<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Sir_Richard_Phillips_worked_with_the_freethinker_William_Godwin_Godwins_daughter_Mary_became_Mary_Shelley\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >Sir Richard Phillips\u00a0worked with the\u00a0freethinker William Godwin. Godwin&#8217;s\u00a0daughter Mary became Mary Shelley.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6from_the_writings_of_Thomas_Jefferson_Hogg_1792_%E2%80%93_1862_%E2%80%93_talking_about_Mary_and_Percy_Bysshe_Shelleys_dairy-free_almost_%E2%80%93_it_was_given_to_guests_eggs-free_meat-free_living\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >&#8230;&#8230;from the writings of Thomas Jefferson Hogg (1792 \u2013 1862) &#8211; talking about Mary and Percy Bysshe Shelley\u2019s dairy-free (almost &#8211; it was given to guests) &amp;\u00a0eggs-free\u00a0&amp; meat-free living.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%9CI_conformed_not_through_faith_but_for_good_fellowship_Certainly_their_vegetable_dinners_were_delightful_Flesh_never_appeared_nor_eggs_bodily_in_their_individual_capacity_nor_butter_in_the_gross_the_two_latter_were_admitted_into_cookery_but_as_sparingly_as_possible_under_protest_as_culinary_aids_not_approved_of_and_soon_to_be_dispensed_with_Cheese_was_under_the_ban_Milk_and_cream_might_not_be_taken_unreservedly_however_they_were_allowed_in_puddings_and_to_be_poured_sparingly_into_tea_as_an_indulgence_to_the_weakness_of_neophytes%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Thomas_Jefferson_Hogg_%E2%80%93_1813_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >\u201cI conformed, not through faith, but for good fellowship. Certainly their vegetable dinners were delightful. Flesh never appeared; nor eggs bodily in their individual capacity, nor butter in the gross: the two latter were admitted into cookery, but as sparingly as possible, under protest, as culinary aids not approved of, and soon to be dispensed with. Cheese was under the ban. Milk and cream might not be taken unreservedly; however, they were allowed in puddings, and to be poured sparingly into tea, as an indulgence to the weakness of neophytes.\u201d~ \u00a0&#8211; Thomas Jefferson Hogg &#8211; 1813 ~\u00a0&#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Mary_Shelley_later_conceived_of_a_%E2%80%98vegan_monster\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >Mary Shelley later conceived of a &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Here_Victor_Frankensteins_monster_is_speaking_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >Here, Victor Frankenstein&#8217;s monster is speaking &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%9CMy_food_is_not_that_of_man_I_do_not_destroy_the_lamb_and_the_kid_to_glut_my_appetite_acorns_and_berries_afford_me_sufficient_nourishment_My_companion_will_be_of_the_same_nature_as_myself_and_will_be_content_with_the_same_fare_We_shall_make_our_bed_of_dried_leaves_the_sun_will_shine_on_us_as_on_man_and_will_ripen_our_food_The_picture_I_present_to_you_is_peaceful_and_human_and_you_must_feel_that_you_could_deny_it_only_in_the_wantonness_of_power_and_cruelty_Pitiless_as_you_have_been_towards_me_I_now_see_compassion_in_your_eyes_let_me_seize_the_favourable_moment_and_persuade_you_to_promise_what_I_so_ardently_desire%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >&#8220;My food is not that of man; I do not destroy the lamb and the kid to glut my appetite; acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment. My companion will be of the same nature as myself, and will be content with the same fare. We shall make our bed of dried leaves; the sun will shine on us as on man, and will ripen our food. The picture I present to you is peaceful and human, and you must feel that you could deny it only in the wantonness of power and cruelty. Pitiless as you have been towards me, I now see compassion in your eyes; let me seize the favourable moment, and persuade you to promise what I so ardently desire.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#This_is_in_Chapter_17_of_%E2%80%93_Frankenstein_or_the_modern_Prometheus_By_Mrs_Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_London_Printed_for_Lackington_Hughes_Harding_Mavor_Jones_1818\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >This is\u00a0in Chapter 17 of &#8211; Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus. By Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. London : Printed for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, &amp; Jones 1818.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#For_additional_excellent_analysis_refer_to_Carol_J_Adams_%E2%80%93_Chapter_6_of_The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat_A_Feminist-Vegetarian_Critical_Theory_%E2%80%93_pages_108-119_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >For\u00a0additional excellent\u00a0analysis, refer to Carol J. Adams &#8211; Chapter 6 of The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory &#8211; pages 108-119 &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_Literary_critics_identify_in_Frankenstein_a_distillation_of_Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelleys_life_and_learning_an_interweaving_of_biography_and_bibliography_Through_her_father_William_Godwin_Mary_Shelley_met_many_notable_vegetarians_such_as_John_Frank_Newton_author_of_The_Return_to_Nature_or_A_Defence_of_the_Vegetable_Regimen_Joseph_Ritson_his_publisher_Sir_Richard_Phillips_and_of_course_Percy_Shelley_who_had_authored_A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet_and_the_visionary_and_vegetarian_Queen_Mab\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >~ Literary critics identify in Frankenstein a distillation of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley&#8217;s life and learning, an interweaving of biography and bibliography. Through her father, William Godwin, Mary Shelley met many notable vegetarians, such as John Frank Newton, author of The Return to Nature; or, A Defence of the Vegetable Regimen, Joseph Ritson, his publisher Sir Richard Phillips, and, of course, Percy Shelley, who had authored A Vindication of Natural Diet and the visionary and vegetarian Queen Mab. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#i\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >&amp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_That_Victor_goes_to_slaughterhouses_not_only_incorporates_into_the_novel_the_anathema_with_which_vegetarians_beheld_it_but_suggestively_implies_the_Creature_was_herbivorous_Since_it_is_only_herbivorous_animals_who_are_consumed_by_humans_the_remnants_gathered_by_Victor_from_the_slaughterhouse_would_have_been_parts_from_herbivorous_bodies_Thus_at_least_a_portion_of_the_Creature_was_anatomically_vegetarian_Romantic_vegetarians_held_that_humans_did_not_have_a_carnivorous_body_ill_health_consequently_resulted_from_meat_eating_In_what_would_become_a_standard_vegetarian_argument_Rousseau_discussed_the_physiological_disposition_of_the_body_to_a_vegetable_diet_Like_herbivorous_animals_humans_had_flat_teeth_The_intestines_as_well_did_not_resemble_those_of_carnivorous_animals_By_positing_the_Creatures_creation_in_part_from_the_slaughterhouse_Mary_Shelley_circumvents_the_anatomical_argument_that_vegetarians_of_this_time_found_compelling_and_their_critics_ludicrous\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >~ That Victor goes to slaughterhouses not only incorporates into the novel the anathema with which vegetarians beheld it, but suggestively implies the Creature was herbivorous. Since it is only herbivorous animals who are consumed by humans, the remnants gathered by Victor from the slaughterhouse would have been parts from herbivorous bodies. Thus, at least a portion of the Creature was anatomically vegetarian. Romantic vegetarians held that humans did not have a carnivorous body; ill health consequently resulted from meat eating. In what would become a standard vegetarian argument, Rousseau discussed the physiological disposition of the body to a vegetable diet. Like herbivorous animals, humans had flat teeth. The intestines, as well, did not resemble those of carnivorous animals. By positing the Creature&#8217;s creation in part from the slaughterhouse, Mary Shelley circumvents the anatomical argument that vegetarians of this time found compelling and their critics ludicrous. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%93_much_more_from_Carol_J_Adams_%E2%80%93_a_delightful_read_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >&#8211;\u00a0much more from Carol J. Adams &#8211; a delightful read &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >&#8230;&#8230;..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >&#8230;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#i-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_1808_print_at_higher_resolution_%E2%80%93_click_on_it_to_see_it_all_%E2%80%93_click_again_to_enlarge_it\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >The 1808 print at higher resolution &#8211; click on it to see it all &#8211; click again to enlarge it.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\"  >\u2026\u2026..<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\"  >\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\"  >\u2026.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#i-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\"  >..<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_full_set_of_Sir_Richard_Phillips_22_original_points_These_were_written_down_190_years_ago\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\"  >The full set of Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; 22 original points.\u00a0These were written down 190 years ago.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#WARNING_%E2%80%93_There_is_colonialism_and_racism_included_in_these\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\"  >WARNING &#8211; There is colonialism and racism included in these.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Original_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\"  >Original &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#THE_AUTHORS_REASONS_FOR_NOT_EATING_ANIMAL_FOOD\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\"  >THE AUTHOR&#8217;S REASONS FOR NOT EATING ANIMAL FOOD.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#I\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\"  >I.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_being_mortal_himself_and_holding_his_life_on_the_same_uncertain_and_precarious_tenure_as_all_other_sensitive_beings_he_does_not_feel_himself_justified_by_any_alleged_superiority_or_inequality_of_condition_in_destroying_the_vital_enjoyment_of_any_other_mortal_except_in_the_necessary_defence_of_his_own_life\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\"  >Because, being mortal himself, and holding his life on the same uncertain and precarious tenure as all other sensitive beings, he does not feel himself justified, by any alleged superiority, or inequality of condition, in destroying the vital enjoyment of any other mortal, except in the necessary defence of his own life.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#II\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\"  >II.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_desire_of_life_is_so_paramount_and_so_affectingly_cherished_by_all_sensitive_beings_that_he_cannot_reconcile_it_to_his_feelings_to_destroy_or_become_a_voluntary_party_in_the_destruction_of_any_living_creature_however_much_in_his_power_or_apparently_insignificant\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\"  >Because the desire of life is so paramount, and so affectingly cherished by all sensitive beings, that he cannot reconcile it to his feelings to destroy, or become a voluntary party in the destruction of, any living creature, however much in his power, or apparently insignificant.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#III\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\"  >III.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_he_perceives_in_nature_a_gradation_of_existence_subordinate_and_successive_by_which_atoms_form_the_granular_and_crystallized_masses_of_inert_matter_these_forming_vegetation_and_vegetables_forming_animalization_and_this_succession_with_some_exceptions_unworthy_of_moral_example_is_the_general_chain_of_all_existence\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\"  >Because he perceives in nature a gradation of existence, subordinate and successive, by which atoms form the granular and crystallized masses of inert matter, these forming vegetation, and vegetables forming animalization; and this succession, with some exceptions, unworthy of moral example, is the general chain of all existence.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#IV\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\"  >IV.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_nature_appears_to_have_made_a_super-abundant_provision_for_the_nourishment_of_animals_in_the_saccharine_matter_of_roots_and_fruits_in_the_farinaceous_matter_of_grain_seed_and_pulse_and_in_the_oleaginous_matter_of_the_stalks_leaves_and_pericarps_of_numerous_vegetables\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\"  >Because nature appears to have made a super-abundant provision for the nourishment of animals in the saccharine matter of roots and fruits; in the farinaceous matter of grain, seed, and pulse; and in the oleaginous matter of the stalks, leaves, and pericarps, of numerous vegetables.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#V\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\"  >V.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_destruction_of_the_mechanical_organization_of_vegetables_inflicts_no_sensitive_suffering_nor_violates_any_moral_feeling_while_vegetables_serve_to_render_his_own_health_strength_and_spirits_better_than_those_of_most_carnivorous_men\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\"  >Because the destruction of the mechanical organization of vegetables inflicts no sensitive suffering, nor violates any moral feeling; while vegetables serve to render his own health, strength, and spirits, better than those of most carnivorous men.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#VI\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\"  >VI.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_in_the_hope_of_emancipating_himself_from_the_sensual_and_selfish_instincts_which_govern_the_human_race_he_yields_to_his_moral_and_mental_convictions_setting_at_defiance_all_those_considerations_about_health_and_vigour_which_have_been_pressed_upon_him_by_the_intellectual_darkness_and_unfeeling_assumptions_of_the_medical_and_philosophical_schools\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\"  >Because, in the hope of emancipating himself from the sensual and selfish instincts which govern the human race, he yields to his moral and mental convictions, setting at defiance all those considerations about health and vigour which have been pressed upon him by the intellectual darkness and unfeeling assumptions of the medical and philosophical schools.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#VII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\"  >VII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_he_feels_an_utter_and_unconquerable_repugnance_against_applying_to_his_palate_masticating_with_his_teeth_or_receiving_into_his_stomach_the_flesh_or_juices_of_deceased_animal_organizations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\"  >Because he feels an utter and unconquerable repugnance against applying to his palate, masticating with his teeth, or receiving into his stomach, the flesh or juices of deceased animal organizations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#VIII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\"  >VIII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_against_devouring_flesh_in_general_he_feels_the_same_abhorrence_which_he_hears_carnivorous_persons_express_against_eating_human_flesh_or_the_flesh_of_dogs_cats_horses_or_other_animals_which_in_some_countries_it_is_customary_for_the_carnivorous_to_devour\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\"  >Because, against devouring flesh in general, he feels the same abhorrence which he hears carnivorous persons express against eating human flesh, or the flesh of dogs, cats, horses, or other animals, which in some countries it is customary for the carnivorous to devour.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#IX\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\"  >IX.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_he_observes_that_carnivorous_men_unrestrained_by_reflection_or_sentiment_even_refine_on_the_cruel_practices_of_the_most_savage_animals_and_apply_their_resources_of_mind_and_art_to_prolong_the_miseries_of_the_victims_of_their_appetites_skinning_roasting_and_boiling_animals_alive_and_torturing_them_without_reservation_or_remorse_if_they_add_thereby_to_the_variety_or_the_delicacy_of_their_carnivorous_gluttonies\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\"  >Because he observes that carnivorous men, unrestrained by reflection or sentiment, even refine on the cruel practices of the most savage animals; and apply their resources of mind and art to prolong the miseries of the victims of their appetites, skinning, roasting, and boiling, animals alive, and torturing them without reservation or remorse, if they add thereby to the variety or the delicacy of their carnivorous gluttonies.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#X\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\"  >X.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_observing_that_carnivorous_propensities_among_animals_are_accompanied_by_a_total_want_of_sympathetic_feelings_and_humane_sentiments_as_in_the_hyena_the_tyger_the_vulture_the_eagle_the_crocodile_and_the_shark_he_conceives_that_the_practices_of_those_carnivorous_brutes_afford_no_worthy_example_for_the_imitation_or_justification_of_rational_reflecting_and_conscientious_beings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\"  >Because, observing that carnivorous propensities among animals are accompanied by a total want of sympathetic feelings and humane sentiments, as in the hyena, the tyger, the vulture, the eagle, the crocodile, and the shark; he conceives that the practices of those carnivorous brutes afford no worthy example for the imitation or justification of rational, reflecting, and conscientious, beings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XI\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\"  >XI.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_during_forty-six_years_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_de\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\"  >Because, during forty-six years&#8217; rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of de-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#ceased_sensitive_beings_he_finds_that_he_has_suffered_but_one_months_serious_illness_that_his_animal_strength_and_vigour_have_been_equal_or_superior_to_that_of_his_contemporaries_and_that_his_mind_has_been_fully_equal_to_numerous_shocks_which_it_has_had_to_encounter_from_innumerable_cases_of_turpitude_in_his_fellow-men\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\"  >ceased sensitive beings, he finds that he has suffered but one month&#8217;s serious illness; that his animal strength and vigour have been equal, or superior, to that of his contemporaries; and that his mind has been fully equal to numerous shocks, which it has had to encounter, from innumerable cases of turpitude in his fellow-men.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\"  >XII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_natural_sentiments_and_sympathies_of_human_beings_in_regard_to_the_killing_of_other_animals_are_generally_so_averse_to_the_practice_that_few_men_or_women_could_devour_the_animals_which_they_might_be_obliged_themselves_to_kill_yet_they_forget_or_affect_to_forget_the_living_endearments_or_dying_sufferings_of_the_creature_while_they_are_wantoning_over_his_remains\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\"  >Because the natural sentiments and sympathies of human beings, in regard to the killing of other animals, are generally so averse to the practice, that few men or women could devour the animals which they might be obliged themselves to kill; yet they forget, or affect to forget, the living endearments or dying sufferings of the creature, while they are wantoning over his remains.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XIII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\"  >XIII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_human_stomach_appears_to_be_naturally_so_averse_to_the_remains_of_animals_that_few_could_partake_of_them_if_they_were_not_disguised_and_flavoured_by_culinary_preparation_yet_rational_creatures_ought_to_feel\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\"  >Because the human stomach appears to be naturally so averse to the remains of animals, that few could partake of them if they were not disguised and flavoured by culinary preparation; yet rational creatures ought to feel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#that_the_prepared_substances_are_not_the_less_what_they_truly_are_and_none_but_savages_could_devour_raw_flesh_or_kill_and_eat_on_the_spot_the_quivering_warm_flesh_of_their_victims_in_itself_loathsome\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\"  >that the prepared substances are not the less what they truly are, and none but savages could devour raw flesh, or kill and eat on the spot the quivering warm flesh of their victims, in itself loathsome.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XIV\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\"  >XIV.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_forty-seven_millions_of_acres_in_England_and_Wales_would_maintain_in_abundance_as_many_human_inhabitants_if_they_lived_wholly_on_grain_fruits_and_vegetables_but_they_sustain_only_fifteen_millions_scantily_while_animal_food_is_made_the_basis_of_human_subsistence\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\"  >Because the forty-seven millions of acres in England and Wales would maintain in abundance as many human inhabitants, if they lived wholly on grain, fruits, and vegetables; but they sustain only fifteen millions scantily, while animal food is made the basis of human subsistence.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XV\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\"  >XV.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_animals_do_not_present_or_contain_the_substance_of_food_in_mass_like_vegetables_every_part_of_their_economy_being_subservient_to_their_own_existence_and_their_entire_frames_being_solely_composed_of_blood_necessary_for_life_of_bones_for_strength_of_muscles_for_motion_and_of_nerves_for_sensation_just_like_ourselves\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\"  >Because animals do not present or contain the substance of food in mass, like vegetables; every part of their economy being subservient to their own existence; and their entire frames being solely composed of blood necessary for life, of bones for strength, of muscles for motion, and of nerves for sensation, just like ourselves.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XVI\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\"  >XVI.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_practice_of_killing_and_devouring_animals_can_be_justified_by_no_moral_plea\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\"  >Because the practice of killing and devouring animals can be justified by no moral plea,<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#by_no_physical_benefit_nor_by_any_allegation_of_necessity_in_countries_where_there_is_abundance_of_vegetable_food_and_where_the_arts_of_gardening_and_husbandry_are_favoured_by_social_protection_and_by_the_genial_character_of_the_soil_and_climate_for_man_is_either_not_indigenous_in_climates_which_produce_no_vegetation_or_has_neglected_to_migrate_from_countries_whose_physical_character_has_changed\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\"  >by no physical benefit, nor by any allegation of necessity, in countries where there is abundance of vegetable food; and where the arts of gardening and husbandry are favoured by social protection, and by the genial character of the soil and climate: for man is either not indigenous in climates which produce no vegetation, or has neglected to migrate from countries whose physical character has changed.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XVII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\"  >XVII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_in_morals_universally_the_moral_sense_governs_practices_without_regard_to_possible_inconveniences_while_assumed_inconveniences_are_not_in_any_case_admitted_as_justifications_of_practices_either_unjust_or_immoral_It_is_not_the_duty_or_in_the_power_of_man_to_regulate_the_universe_but_it_is_his_duty_to_respect_his_own_moral_sentiments_and_leave_to_powers_above_his_own_the_balancing_of_nature_and_the_harmonizing_of_existence\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\"  >Because in morals, universally, the moral sense governs practices without regard to possible inconveniences ; while assumed inconveniences are not in any case admitted as justifications of practices either unjust or immoral. It is not the duty, or in the power of man, to regulate the universe; but it is his duty to respect his own moral sentiments, and leave to powers above his own, the balancing of nature, and the harmonizing of existence.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XVIII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\"  >XVIII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_practices_of_savages_and_of_savage_ancestry_in_killing_and_eating_animals\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\"  >Because the practices of savages, and of savage ancestry, in killing and eating animals,<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#are_not_entitled_to_more_respect_among_civilized_men_than_the_practices_of_many_nations_even_at_this_day_in_killing_and_eating_either_their_enemies_or_their_way-laid_neighbours_and_so_forcible_is_custom_that_the_laws_of_civilization_against_murder_appear_to_be_insufficient_in_deterring_the_practice_of_cannibalism_among_some_black_tribes_in_the_British_colonies\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\"  >are not entitled to more respect among civilized men, than the practices of many nations, even at this day, in killing and eating either their enemies or their way-laid neighbours; and so forcible is custom, that the laws of civilization against murder appear to be insufficient in deterring the practice of cannibalism among some black tribes in the British colonies.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XIX\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\"  >XIX.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_custom_has_so_misled_men_and_so_hardened_their_hearts_against_sympathy_for_the_sufferings_of_creatures_in_their_power_and_unprotected_by_law_that_killing_and_maiming_is_denominated_sport_and_skill_in_such_practices_placed_even_on_a_level_with_the_liberal_arts_and_sciences_insomuch_that_man_is_the_terror_of_all_other_animals_and_the_merciless_tyrant_of_the_whole_animated_creation\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\"  >Because custom has so misled men, and so hardened their hearts against sympathy for the sufferings of creatures in their power and unprotected by law, that killing and maiming is denominated sport, and skill in such practices placed even on a level with the liberal arts and sciences, insomuch that man is the terror of all other animals, and the merciless tyrant of the whole animated creation.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XX\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\"  >XX.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_all_such_practices_as_hunting_shooting_fowling_fishing_badger-baiting_cock-fighting_bull-baiting_rook_and_gull_shooting_c_c_deprive_men_of_that_sympathy_and\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\"  >Because all such practices as hunting, shooting, fowling, fishing, badger-baiting, cock-fighting, bull-baiting, rook and gull shooting, &amp;c. &amp;c. deprive men of that sympathy and<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#sense_of_mutual_justice_which_in_their_intercourse_with_one_another_ought_to_be_as_operative_as_law_and_the_energies_of_which_are_essential_to_the_happiness_of_society\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\"  >sense of mutual justice, which, in their intercourse with one another, ought to be as operative as law, and the energies of which are essential to the happiness of society.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XXI\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\"  >XXI.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_whenever_the_number_and_hostility_of_predatory_land_animals_might_so_tend_to_prevent_the_cultivation_of_vegetable_food_as_to_render_it_indispensible_to_destroy_them_in_self-defence_there_could_even_in_that_case_exist_no_necessity_to_destroy_the_animated_existences_in_water_and_as_in_most_civilized_countries_there_exist_no_land-animals_besides_those_which_are_purposely_bred_for_slaughter_or_luxury_of_course_all_destruction_in_such_countries_must_arise_either_from_unthinking_wantonness_or_carnivorous_gluttony\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\"  >Because whenever the number and hostility of predatory land animals might so tend to prevent the cultivation of vegetable food, as to render it indispensible to destroy them in self-defence, there could even in that case exist no necessity to destroy the animated existences in water; and, as in most civilized countries there exist no land-animals besides those which are purposely bred for slaughter or luxury, of course all destruction in such countries must arise either from unthinking wantonness or carnivorous gluttony.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#XXII\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\"  >XXII.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Because_the_stomachs_of_locomotive_beings_appear_to_have_been_provided_for_the_purpose_of_conveying_about_with_the_moving_animal_nutritive_substances_analogous_in_effect_to_the_soil_in_which_are_fixed_the_roots_of_plants_and_consequently_nothing_ought_to_be_introduced_into_the_stomach_for_digestion_and_for_absorption_by_the_lacteals_or_roots_of_the_animal_system_but_the_natural_bases_of_simple_nutrition_as_the_saccharine_the_oleaginous_and_the_farinaceous_matter_of_the_vegetable_kingdom\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\"  >Because the stomachs of locomotive beings appear to have been provided for the purpose of conveying about, with the moving animal, nutritive substances, analogous in effect to the soil in which are fixed the roots of plants; and, consequently, nothing ought to be introduced into the stomach for digestion and for absorption by the lacteals, or roots of the animal system, but the natural bases of simple nutrition, as the saccharine, the oleaginous, and the farinaceous, matter of the vegetable kingdom.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\"  >&#8230;&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Our_3_Main_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\"  >Our 3 Main Projects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_Henry_Salt_Archive_is_one_of_our_almost_completed_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\"  >The Henry Salt Archive is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_Humanitarian_League_is_our_Hong_Kong_registered_charity\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-139\"  >The Humanitarian League is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_was_conceived_in_1934_It_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-140\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-141\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-142\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-143\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-144\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-145\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-146\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-147\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-148\"  >We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-149\"  >It is long past time for the library to go online!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_center_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-150\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of center for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-151\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Note_%E2%80%93_we_use_%E2%80%98vegan_and_%E2%80%98vegans_in_inverted_commas_here_because_we_are_discussing_a_period_long_before_the_word_vegan_came_into_existence_Even_the_word_vegetarian_was_not_yet_in_use_Pythagorean_Vegetable_Eater_Eating_%E2%80%93_these_were_the_commonly_used_terms\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Note &#8211; we use &#8216;vegan&#8217; and &#8216;vegans&#8217; in inverted commas here, because we are discussing a period long before the word vegan came into existence. Even the word vegetarian was not yet in use. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pythagorean<\/strong> &amp; <strong>Vegetable Eater \/ Eating<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; these were the commonly used terms.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_history_is_rich_indeed_Circa_200_years_ago_in_the_UK_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Our\u00a0history is rich indeed. Circa <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">200 years ago in the UK &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There had recently been a &#8216;vegan&#8217; (or close to vegan) Sheriff of London &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sir_Richard_Phillips\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Sir Richard Phillips<\/a>. <\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"yiv0651537976ymail_android_signature\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At potlucks you might\u00a0have got\u00a0to sit &amp; chat with\u00a0the Shelleys. We love the genius of\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Shelley\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">thinking up\u00a0the &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankenstein\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Victor Frankenstein<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"yiv0651537976ymail_android_signature\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6vegans_were_being_%E2%80%98ribbed_by_carnists\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8217;vegans&#8217; were being &#8216;ribbed&#8217; by carnists.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This 208 years old print is in our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\"  target=\"_blank\">Ernest Bell Library<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000;\">It &#8216;links&#8217; us to\u00a0these great thinkers, who were both humanitarians, and\u00a0very often\u00a0vegetarians,\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;apparently coming\u00a0close to\u00a0what we now call veganism.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"All_discussed_more_below%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All discussed more below&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession580.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16080\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16080 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession580.jpg\" alt=\"Triumphal Procession580\" width=\"580\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession580-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession580-195x110.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\">\n<h4 id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4563\" class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TRIUMPHAL_PROCESSION_OF_THE_HOG_IN_ARMOUR\"><\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4562\" style=\"color: #000000;\">TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF THE HOG IN ARMOUR.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\">\n<h1 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Print_Explained\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Print Explained<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_was_being_satirized_in_a_drawing_by_Samuel_de_Wilde_which_had_been_commissioned_published_by_Samuel_Tipper\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sir Richard Phillips was being satirized in a drawing by Samuel de Wilde, which had been commissioned &amp; published by Samuel Tipper.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_was_a_recently_knighted_Sheriff_of_London_and_also_a_publisher_Here_he_is_shown_as_the_hog_being_carried_by_some_of_his_hack_writers_Phillips_had_been_attacked_in_the_journal_Satirist_over_a_court_case_regarding_a_book_he_had_published_and_he_in_turn_had_taken_the_Satirist_to_court_over_a_hostile_review_of_his_publication_Nursery_Tales_and_although_successful_in_this_he_was_only_awarded_a_shilling_damages\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sir Richard Phillips was a<span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4576\">\u00a0recently knighted Sheriff of London and also a publisher. <\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4576\">Here he is shown as the hog being carried by some of his hack writers. Phillips had been attacked in the journal\u00a0<em>Satirist<\/em> over a court case regarding a book he had published and he in turn had taken the <em>Satirist<\/em> to court over a hostile review of his publication <em>Nursery Tales <\/em>and although successful in this he was only awarded a shilling damages. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/TP.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16261\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16261 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/TP.jpg\" alt=\"TP\" width=\"575\" height=\"957\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/TP.jpg 575w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/TP-180x300.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provision_Farmers_Hogs_Feast\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Provision (Farmers?) Hog&#8217;s Feast<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4576\" style=\"color: #000000;\">The woman on the left carrying the basket\u00a0of vegetables is a reference to the fact that\u00a0Sir Richard\u00a0was a vegetable eater. <\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4576\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The story of Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; conversion\u00a0to vegetable eating can be read\u00a0&#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/the-vegan-police\/\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4567\" class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275101\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4571\" class=\"yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275221\">Description &#8211; 13\u00bc x 7\u00be &#8211; u<\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4574\">ncoloured aquatint. <\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Thomaso Scrutiny, Esqr., invt. ( <\/span><\/span>a pseudonym of the artist Samuel De Wilde &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_De_Wilde\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">). <span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4568\">Published for the <em>Satirist<\/em> by S. (Samuel) Tipper 37 Leadenhall Street.<\/span><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4574\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275215\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1462516785962_4562\">It dates from &#8211; 1 August 1808. It originally appeared as a<\/span><\/span> plate\u00a0in the <em>Satirist<\/em>, Volume iii. I., as an i<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">llustration to the article,\u00a0&#8216;A Letter to Sir Richard Phillips Knt&#8217;. The\u00a0article\u00a0is 8 pages long &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.hk\/books?id=ZqVFAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=%22A+Letter+to+Sir+Richard+Phillips+Knt%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=NseDU0jjjZ&amp;sig=wHib-LJuZFHeta-ms1kkRClXtpM&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi_rNHKssXMAhXGoZQKHYp_D0oQ6AEIHjAC#v=onepage&amp;q=%22A%20Letter%20to%20Sir%20Richard%20Phillips%20Knt%22&amp;f=false\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_%E2%80%93_Biographical_Notes\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sir Richard Phillips &#8211; Biographical Notes<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div data-contents=\"true\">\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_13_December_1767_%E2%80%93_2_April_1840_was_an_English_schoolteacher_author_and_publisher_He_was_a_vegetarian_possibly_a_100_vegetarian\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"ak8c7-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Sir Richard Phillips (13 December 1767 \u2013 2 April 1840) was an English schoolteacher, author and publisher. He was a vegetarian, possibly a 100% vegetarian.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-offset-key=\"d2u6b-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"d2u6b-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">He established premises in Paternoster Row, St. Paul&#8217;s Churchyard, and founded <em>The Monthly Magazine<\/em> in 1796; its editor was Dr. John Aikin, and among its early contributors were fellow radicals<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Godwin\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">William Godwin <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(father of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Shelley\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Mary Godwin &#8211; later Mary Shelley<\/a>) <span style=\"color: #000000;\">and Thomas Holcroft. He built up a prominent fortune based on the speculative commission of newly revised textbooks and their publication, in a competitive market that had been freed by the House of Lords&#8217; decision in 1777 to strike down the perpetual copyright asserted by a small group of London booksellers to standard introductory works. His Juvenile Library published in 1800\u201303 provided the steady returns of all successful children&#8217;s books. By 1807 he was in sufficient standing to serve as a Sheriff of London, at which time he was knighted on the occasion of presenting an address.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Godwin\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Wiki<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"d2u6b-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; &#8211; <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reasons\u00a0for\u00a0not Eating Animal Food<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4 data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"a4a73-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">From the book &#8211; The Ethics of Diet &#8211; A Catena by<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Howard Williams <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M.A., 1883<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; read\u00a0the book\u00a0in full &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ethicsofdietcate00will\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_1811_Phillips_published_his_Treatise_on_the_Powers_and_Duties_of_Juries_and_on_the_Criminal_Laws_of_England_Three_years_later_Golden_Rules_for_Jurymen_which_he_afterwards_expanded_into_a_book_entitled_Golden_Rules_of_Social_Philosophy_1826_in_which_he_lays_down_rules_of_conduct_for_the_ordinary_business_of_life_%E2%80%93_lawyers_clergymen_schoolmasters_and_others_being_the_objects_of_his_admonitions_It_is_in_this_work_that_the_civic_dignitary_%E2%80%93_so_%E2%80%9Csplendidly_false%E2%80%9D_to_the_habits_of_his_class_%E2%80%93_sets_forth_at_length_the_principles_upon_which_his_unalterable_faith_in_the_truth_of_humanitarian_dietetics_was_founded_The_reasons_of_this_%E2%80%9Ctrue_confession%E2%80%9D_are_fully_and_perspicuously_specified_and_the_first_forms_the_key-note_of_the_rest\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">In 1811 Phillips published his <em>Treatise on the Powers and Duties of Juries, and on the Criminal Laws of England<\/em>. Three years later <em>Golden Rules for Jurymen<\/em>, which he afterwards expanded into a book <span data-offset-key=\"8n6n1-0-0\">entitled <em>Golden Rules of Social Philosophy<\/em> (1826), <\/span>in which he lays down rules of conduct for the ordinary business of life &#8211; lawyers, clergymen, schoolmasters, and others being the objects of his admonitions. It is in this work that the civic dignitary &#8211; so &#8220;splendidly false&#8221; to the habits of his class &#8211; sets forth at length the principles upon which his unalterable faith in the truth of humanitarian dietetics was founded. The reasons of this &#8220;true confession&#8221; are fully and perspicuously specified, and the first forms the key-note of the rest :- <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"5h8d9-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Because_being_mortal_himself_and_holding_his_life_on_the_same_uncertain_and_precarious_tenure_as_all_other_sensitive_beings_he_does_not_find_himself_justified_by_any_supposed_superiority_or_inequality_of_condition_in_destroying_the_enjoyment_of_existence_of_any_other_mortal_except_in_the_necessary_defence_of_his_own_life\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"5h8d9-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">1. <em>Because,<\/em> being mortal himself, and holding his life on the same uncertain and precarious tenure as all other sensitive beings, he does not find himself justified, by any supposed superiority or inequality of condition, in destroying the enjoyment of existence of any other mortal, except in the necessary defence of his own life.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"4d18t-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Because_the_desire_of_life_is_so_paramount_and_so_affectingly_cherished_in_all_sensitive_beings_that_he_cannot_reconcile_it_to_his_feelings_to_destroy_or_become_a_voluntary_party_in_the_destruction_of_any_innocent_being_being_however_much_in_his_power_or_apparently_insignificant\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"4d18t-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">2. <em>Because<\/em> the desire of life is so paramount, and so affectingly cherished in all sensitive beings, that he cannot reconcile it to his feelings to destroy or become a voluntary party in the destruction of any innocent being being, however much in his power, or apparently insignificant.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"tqgc-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Because_he_feels_the_same_abhorrence_from_devouring_flesh_in_general_that_he_hears_carnivorous_men_express_against_eating_human_flesh_or_the_flesh_of_Horses_Dogs_Cats_or_other_animals_which_in_some_countries_it_is_not_customary_for_carnivorous_men_to_devour\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"tqgc-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">3. <em>Because<\/em> he feels the same abhorrence from devouring flesh in general that he hears carnivorous men express against eating human flesh, or the flesh of Horses, Dogs, Cats, or other animals which, in some countries, it is not customary for carnivorous men to devour.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"2rd89-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Because_Nature_seems_to_have_made_a_superabundant_provision_for_the_nourishment_of_frugivorous_animals_in_the_saccharine_matter_of_Roots_and_Fruits_in_the_farinaceous_matter_of_Grain_Seed_and_Pulse_and_in_the_oleaginous_matter_of_the_Stalks_Leaves_and_Pericarps_of_numerous_vegetables\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"2rd89-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">4. <em>Because<\/em> Nature seems to have made a superabundant provision for the nourishment of [frugivorous] animals in the saccharine matter of Roots and Fruits, in the farinaceous matter of Grain, Seed, and Pulse, and in the oleaginous matter of the Stalks, Leaves and Pericarps of numerous vegetables.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"54dd7-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Because_he_feels_an_utter_and_unconquerable_repugnance_against_receiving_into_his_stomach_the_flesh_or_juices_of_deceased_animal_organisation\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"54dd7-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">5. <em>Because<\/em> he feels an utter and unconquerable repugnance against receiving into his stomach the flesh or juices of deceased animal organisation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"8jgse-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Because_the_destruction_of_the_mechanical_organisation_of_vegetables_inflicts_no_sensible_suffering_not_violates_any_moral_feeling_while_vegetables_serve_to_sustain_his_health_strength_and_spirits_above_those_of_most_carnivorous_men\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"8jgse-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">6. <em>Because<\/em> the destruction of the mechanical organisation of vegetables inflicts no sensible suffering, not violates any moral feeling, while vegetables serve to sustain his health strength, and spirits above those of most carnivorous men.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"5aq4l-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Because_during_thirty_years_of_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_deceased_sensitive_beings_he_finds_that_he_has_not_suffered_a_days_serious_illness_that_his_animal_strength_and_vigour_have_been_equal_or_superior_to_that_of_other_men_and_that_his_mind_has_been_fully_equal_to_numerous_shocks_which_he_has_had_to_encounter_from_malice_envy_and_various_acts_of_turpitude_in_his_fellow-men\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"5aq4l-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">7. <em>Because<\/em> during thirty years of rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of deceased sensitive beings, he finds that he has not suffered a day&#8217;s serious illness, that his animal strength and vigour have been equal or superior to that of other men, and that his mind has been fully equal to numerous shocks which he has had to encounter from malice, envy, and various acts of turpitude in his fellow-men.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"8prhm-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Because_observing_that_carnivorous_propensities_among_animals_are_accompanied_by_a_total_want_of_sympathetic_feelings_and_gentle_sentiments_%E2%80%93_as_in_the_Hyena_the_Tiger_the_Vulture_the_eagle_the_Crocodile_and_the_Shark_%E2%80%93_he_conceives_that_the_practice_of_these_carnivorous_tyrants_affords_no_worthy_example_for_the_imitation_or_justification_of_rational_reflecting_and_conscientious_beings\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"8prhm-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">8. <em>Because<\/em> observing that carnivorous propensities among animals are accompanied by a total want of sympathetic feelings and gentle sentiments &#8211; as in the Hyena, the Tiger, the Vulture, the eagle, the Crocodile, and the Shark &#8211; he conceives that the practice of these carnivorous tyrants affords no worthy example for the imitation or justification of rational, reflecting, and conscientious beings.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"67qlp-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Because_he_observes_that_carnivorous_men_unrestrained_by_reflection_or_sentiment_even_refine_on_the_most_cruel_practices_of_the_most_savage_animals_of_other_species_and_apply_their_resources_of_mind_and_art_to_prolong_the_miseries_of_the_victims_of_their_appetites_%E2%80%93_bleeding_skinning_roasting_and_boiling_animals_alive_and_torturing_them_without_reservation_or_remorse_if_they_thereby_add_to_the_variety_or_the_delicacy_of_their_carnivorous_gluttony\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"67qlp-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">9. <em>Because<\/em> he observes that carnivorous men, unrestrained by reflection or sentiment, even refine on the most cruel practices of the most savage animals [of other species] and apply their resources of mind and art to prolong the miseries of the victims of their appetites &#8211; bleeding, skinning, roasting, and boiling animals alive, and torturing them without reservation or remorse, if they thereby add to the variety or the delicacy of their carnivorous gluttony.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"1dvrs-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Because_the_natural_sentiments_and_sympathies_of_human_beings_in_regard_to_the_killing_of_other_animals_are_generally_so_averse_from_the_practice_that_few_men_or_women_could_devour_the_animals_whom_they_might_be_obliged_themselves_to_kill_and_yet_they_forget_or_affect_to_forget_the_living_endearments_or_dying_sufferings_of_the_being_while_they_are_wantoning_over_his_remains\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"1dvrs-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">10. <em>Because<\/em> the natural sentiments and sympathies of human beings, in regard to the killing of other animals, are generally so averse from the practice that few men or women could devour the animals whom they might be obliged themselves to kill; and yet they forget, or affect to forget, the living endearments or dying sufferings of the being, while they are wantoning over his remains.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"4hkdh-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Because_the_human_stomach_appears_to_be_naturally_so_averse_from_receiving_the_remains_of_the_animals_that_few_people_could_partake_of_them_if_they_were_not_disguised_and_flavoured_by_culinary_preparation_yet_rational_beings_ought_to_feel_that_the_prepared_substances_are_not_the_less_what_they_truly_are_and_that_no_disguise_of_food_in_itself_loathsome_ought_to_delude_the_unsophisticated_perceptions_of_a_considerate_mind\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"4hkdh-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">11. <em>Because<\/em> the human stomach appears to be naturally so averse from receiving the remains of the animals, that few people could partake of them if they were not disguised and flavoured by culinary preparation; yet rational beings ought to feel that the prepared substances are not the less what they truly are, and that no disguise of food, in itself loathsome, ought to delude the unsophisticated perceptions of a considerate mind.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"akpt1-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Because_the_forty-seven_millions_of_acres_in_England_and_Wales_would_maintain_in_abundance_as_many_human_inhabitants_if_they_lived_wholly_on_grain_fruits_and_vegetables_but_they_sustain_only_twelve_millions_in_1811_scantily_while_animal_food_is_made_the_basis_of_human_subsistence\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"akpt1-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">12. <em>Because<\/em> the forty-seven millions of acres in England and Wales would maintain in abundance as many human inhabitants, if they lived wholly on grain, fruits, and vegetables; but they sustain only twelve millions [in 1811] scantily, while animal food is made the basis of human subsistence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"6n6mb-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Because_animals_do_not_present_or_contain_the_substance_of_food_in_mass_like_vegetables_every_part_of_their_economy_being_subservient_to_their_mere_existence_and_their_entire_frames_being_solely_composed_of_blood_necessary_for_life_of_bones_for_strength_of_muscles_for_motion_and_of_nerves_for_sensation\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"6n6mb-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">13. <em>Because<\/em> animals do not present or contain the substance of food in mass, like vegetables; every part of their economy being subservient to their mere existence, and their entire frames being solely composed of blood necessary for life, of bones for strength, of muscles for motion, and of nerves for sensation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"134dh-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Because_the_practice_of_killing_and_devouring_animals_can_be_justified_by_no_moral_plea_by_no_physical_benefit_nor_by_any_just_allegation_of_necessity_in_countries_where_there_is_abundance_of_vegetable_food_and_where_the_arts_of_gardening_and_husbandry_are_favoured_by_social_protection_and_by_the_genial_character_of_the_soil_and_climate\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"134dh-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">14. <em>Because<\/em> the practice of killing and devouring animals can be justified by no moral plea, by no physical benefit, nor by any just allegation of necessity in countries where there is abundance of vegetable food, and where the arts of gardening and husbandry are favoured by social protection, and by the genial character of the soil and climate.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"eg282-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Because_wherever_the_number_an_hostility_of_predatory_land_animals_might_so_tend_to_prevent_the_cultivation_of_vegetable_food_as_to_render_it_necessary_to_destroy_and_perhaps_to_eat_them_there_could_in_that_case_exist_no_necessity_for_destroying_the_animated_existences_of_the_distinct_elements_of_air_and_water_and_as_in_most_civilised_countries_there_exist_no_land_animals_besides_those_which_are_properly_bred_for_slaughter_or_luxury_of_course_the_destruction_of_mammals_and_birds_in_such_countries_must_be_ascribed_either_to_unthinking_wantonness_or_to_carnivorous_gluttony\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"eg282-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">15. <em>Because<\/em> wherever the number an hostility of predatory land animals might so tend to prevent the cultivation of vegetable food as to render it necessary to destroy and, perhaps, to eat them, there could in that case exist no necessity for destroying the animated existences of the distinct elements of air and water; and, as in most civilised countries, there exist no land animals besides those which are properly bred for slaughter or luxury, of course the destruction of mammals and birds in such countries must be ascribed either to unthinking wantonness or to carnivorous gluttony.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 60px;\" data-offset-key=\"8ckjn-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_Because_the_stomachs_of_locomotive_beings_appear_to_have_been_provided_for_the_purpose_of_conveying_about_with_the_moving_animal_nutritive_substances_analogous_in_effect_to_the_soil_in_which_are_fixed_the_roots_of_plants_and_therefore_nothing_ought_to_be_introduced_into_the_stomach_for_digestion_and_for_absorption_by_the_lacteals_or_roots_of_the_animal_system_but_the_natural_bases_of_simple_nutrition_%E2%80%93_as_the_saccharine_the_oleagious_and_the_farinaceous_matter_of_the_vegetable_kingdom\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"8ckjn-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16. <em>Because<\/em> the stomachs of locomotive beings appear to have been provided for the purpose of conveying about with the moving animal nutritive substances, analogous in effect to the soil in which are fixed the roots of plants and, therefore, nothing ought to be introduced into the stomach for digestion and for absorption by the lacteals, or roots of the animal system, but the natural bases of simple nutrition &#8211; as the saccharine, the oleagious, and the farinaceous matter of the vegetable kingdom.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thanks_to_Google_Search_wwwarchiveorg_%E2%80%93_we_now_know_that_Howard_Williams_had_edited_22_%E2%80%98Reasons%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6_down_to_just_16\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thanks to Google Search &amp; www.archive.org &#8211; \u00a0we now know that Howard Williams had edited 22\u00a0&#8216;Reasons&#8230;&#8230;&#8217; down to just 16.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Howard_Williams_removed_censored_the_racist_colonialist_points_made_them_more_suitable_for_his_1880s_humanitarian_readers_an_early_example_of_%E2%80%98political_correctness\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Howard Williams\u00a0removed \/ censored\u00a0the racist &amp; colonialist points =<\/span> made them more suitable for\u00a0his 1880s humanitarian readers\u00a0=\u00a0 an early example of &#8216;political correctness&#8217;.<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Golden_rules_of_social_philosophy_by_Phillips_Richard_Sir_Published_1826_Publisher_London_Printed_for_the_author\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"51ea6-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><em>Golden rules of social philosophy<\/em>; by Phillips, Richard, Sir,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"5gf2s-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Published 1826,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"8caol-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">P<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ublisher London, Printed for the author.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0An online copy of the original book. Originally with\u00a0&#8217;22 Reasons&#8217; &#8211;\u00a0pages 347 to 356 &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/goldenrulesofsoc00phil#page\/346\/mode\/2up\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6and_we_also_now_know_that_Sir_Richard_Phillips_talked_about_his_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;and, we also now know that Sir Richard Phillips talked about\u00a0his &#8211; <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6forty-six_years_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_deceased_sensitive_beings%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">~\u00a0<span data-offset-key=\"7ml27-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"> &#8230;forty-six years&#8217; rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of deceased sensitive beings,&#8230;&#8230; ~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_1826_%E2%80%93_minus_46_1780_%E2%80%93_so_he_probably_changed_in_1780\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"7ml27-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">&#8211; 1826 &#8211; minus 46 = 1780 &#8211;\u00a0so he probably changed in 1780!<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"For_historical_academic_interest_we_have_added_the_full_set_of_22_original_points_at_the_bottom_of_this_blog_post\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">For historical \/ academic interest, we have added the full set of 22 original points, at the bottom of this blog post.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"8ckjn-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_%E2%80%93_Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_%E2%80%93_the_connection_with_Sir_Richard_Phillips\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley &#8211; Percy Bysshe Shelley &#8211; the connection with Sir Richard Phillips<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"8ckjn-0-0\">\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal yiv0069351230yui_3_2_0_18_1327711314275107\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sir_Richard_Phillips_worked_with_the_freethinker_William_Godwin_Godwins_daughter_Mary_became_Mary_Shelley\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sir Richard Phillips\u00a0worked with the\u00a0freethinker William Godwin. Godwin&#8217;s\u00a0daughter Mary became Mary Shelley.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-editor=\"a57ph\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"c6ifd-0-0\">\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"c6ifd-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"c6ifd-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;&#8230;from the writings of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Jefferson_Hogg\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Thomas Jefferson Hogg <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(1792<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2013 1862) &#8211; talking about Mary and<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Percy Bysshe Shelley\u2019s<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">dairy-free (almost &#8211; it was given to guests) &amp;\u00a0eggs-free\u00a0&amp; meat-free living.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-offset-key=\"c6ifd-0-0\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"c6ifd-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">\u201cI conformed, not through faith, but for good fellowship. Certainly their vegetable dinners were delightful. Flesh never appeared; nor eggs bodily in their individual capacity, nor butter in the gross: the two latter were admitted into cookery, but as sparingly as possible, under protest, as culinary aids not approved of, and soon to be dispensed with. Cheese was under the ban. Milk and cream might not be taken unreservedly; however, they were allowed in puddings, and to be poured sparingly into tea, as an indulgence to the weakness of neophytes.\u201d~ \u00a0&#8211; <\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1legf-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Thomas Jefferson Hogg &#8211; 1813 ~<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0&#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldvegfest.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=118:john-frank-newton-and-the-vegan-commune-of-1813&amp;catid=11&amp;Itemid=185\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"drrlo-0-0\">\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mary_Shelley_later_conceived_of_a_%E2%80%98vegan_monster\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mary Shelley later conceived of a &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster<\/span>.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Here_Victor_Frankensteins_monster_is_speaking_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here, Victor Frankenstein&#8217;s monster is speaking &#8211; <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CMy_food_is_not_that_of_man_I_do_not_destroy_the_lamb_and_the_kid_to_glut_my_appetite_acorns_and_berries_afford_me_sufficient_nourishment_My_companion_will_be_of_the_same_nature_as_myself_and_will_be_content_with_the_same_fare_We_shall_make_our_bed_of_dried_leaves_the_sun_will_shine_on_us_as_on_man_and_will_ripen_our_food_The_picture_I_present_to_you_is_peaceful_and_human_and_you_must_feel_that_you_could_deny_it_only_in_the_wantonness_of_power_and_cruelty_Pitiless_as_you_have_been_towards_me_I_now_see_compassion_in_your_eyes_let_me_seize_the_favourable_moment_and_persuade_you_to_promise_what_I_so_ardently_desire%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"bj8u5-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">&#8220;My food is not that of man; I do not destroy the lamb and the kid to glut my appetite; acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment. My companion will be of the same nature as myself, and will be content with the same fare. We shall make our bed of dried leaves; the sun will shine on us as on man, and will ripen our food. The picture I present to you is peaceful and human, and you must feel that you could deny it only in the wantonness of power and cruelty. Pitiless as you have been towards me, I now see compassion in your eyes; let me seize the favourable moment, and persuade you to promise what I so ardently desire.&#8221; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"This_is_in_Chapter_17_of_%E2%80%93_Frankenstein_or_the_modern_Prometheus_By_Mrs_Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley_London_Printed_for_Lackington_Hughes_Harding_Mavor_Jones_1818\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"bj8u5-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is\u00a0in Chapter 17 of &#8211;<\/span> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"9aq1v-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><em>Frankenstein; or, the modern Prometheus.<\/em> By Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"afq6e-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">London : Printed for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, &amp; Jones 1818.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"yiv0069351230MsoNormal\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">For\u00a0additional excellent\u00a0analysis, refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carol_J._Adams\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Carol J. Adams<\/a> &#8211; <span data-offset-key=\"18pmq-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">Chapter 6 of <em>The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory<\/em> &#8211; pages 108-119 &#8211; <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span data-offset-key=\"9ahnq-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">~ Literary critics identify in Frankenstein a distillation of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley&#8217;s life and learning, an interweaving of biography and bibliography. Through her father, William Godwin, Mary Shelley met many notable vegetarians, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vegsource.com\/john-davis\/john-frank-newton---and-the-vegan-commune-of-1813.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">John Frank Newton<\/a>, author of <em>The Return to Nature<\/em>; or, <em>A Defence of the Vegetable Regimen<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/history\/england19a\/ritson.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Joseph Ritson<\/a>, his publisher Sir Richard Phillips, and, of course, Percy Shelley, who had authored <em>A Vindication of Natural Diet<\/em> and the visionary and vegetarian <em>Queen Mab<\/em>. ~ <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span>&amp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-offset-key=\"ep6kp-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_That_Victor_goes_to_slaughterhouses_not_only_incorporates_into_the_novel_the_anathema_with_which_vegetarians_beheld_it_but_suggestively_implies_the_Creature_was_herbivorous_Since_it_is_only_herbivorous_animals_who_are_consumed_by_humans_the_remnants_gathered_by_Victor_from_the_slaughterhouse_would_have_been_parts_from_herbivorous_bodies_Thus_at_least_a_portion_of_the_Creature_was_anatomically_vegetarian_Romantic_vegetarians_held_that_humans_did_not_have_a_carnivorous_body_ill_health_consequently_resulted_from_meat_eating_In_what_would_become_a_standard_vegetarian_argument_Rousseau_discussed_the_physiological_disposition_of_the_body_to_a_vegetable_diet_Like_herbivorous_animals_humans_had_flat_teeth_The_intestines_as_well_did_not_resemble_those_of_carnivorous_animals_By_positing_the_Creatures_creation_in_part_from_the_slaughterhouse_Mary_Shelley_circumvents_the_anatomical_argument_that_vegetarians_of_this_time_found_compelling_and_their_critics_ludicrous\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ep6kp-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">~ That Victor goes to slaughterhouses not only incorporates into the novel the anathema with which vegetarians beheld it, but suggestively implies the Creature was herbivorous. Since it is only herbivorous animals who are consumed by humans, the remnants gathered by Victor from the slaughterhouse would have been parts from herbivorous bodies. Thus, at least a portion of the Creature was anatomically vegetarian. Romantic vegetarians held that humans did not have a carnivorous body; ill health consequently resulted from meat eating. In what would become a standard vegetarian argument, Rousseau discussed the physiological disposition of the body to a vegetable diet. Like herbivorous animals, humans had flat teeth. The intestines, as well, did not resemble those of carnivorous animals. By positing the Creature&#8217;s creation in part from the slaughterhouse, Mary Shelley circumvents the anatomical argument that vegetarians of this time found compelling and their critics ludicrous. ~<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right; padding-left: 30px;\"><span data-offset-key=\"9ahnq-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9ahnq-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">much more from Carol J. Adams &#8211; a delightful read &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/knarf.english.upenn.edu\/Articles\/adams.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-editor=\"19nsu\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"dqtq7-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;..<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>&#8230;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-2\"><\/span>..<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_1808_print_at_higher_resolution_%E2%80%93_click_on_it_to_see_it_all_%E2%80%93_click_again_to_enlarge_it\"><\/span>The 1808 print at higher resolution &#8211; click on it to see it all &#8211; click again to enlarge it.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16095\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16095\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession.jpg\" alt=\"Triumphal Procession\" width=\"1408\" height=\"797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession.jpg 1408w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession-1024x580.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession-195x110.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2026.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">..<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_full_set_of_Sir_Richard_Phillips_22_original_points_These_were_written_down_190_years_ago\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The full set of Sir Richard Phillips&#8217; 22 original points.\u00a0These were written down 190 years ago. <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WARNING_%E2%80%93_There_is_colonialism_and_racism_included_in_these\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">WARNING &#8211; There is colonialism and racism included in these.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\">Original &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/goldenrulesofsoc00phil#page\/346\/mode\/2up\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden1-1.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16234\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16234 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Golden1\" width=\"580\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden1-1.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden1-1-300x42.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"THE_AUTHORS_REASONS_FOR_NOT_EATING_ANIMAL_FOOD\"><\/span>THE AUTHOR&#8217;S REASONS FOR NOT EATING ANIMAL FOOD.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden2.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16216\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16216 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden2.jpg\" alt=\"Golden2\" width=\"580\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden2.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden2-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I\"><\/span>I.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_being_mortal_himself_and_holding_his_life_on_the_same_uncertain_and_precarious_tenure_as_all_other_sensitive_beings_he_does_not_feel_himself_justified_by_any_alleged_superiority_or_inequality_of_condition_in_destroying_the_vital_enjoyment_of_any_other_mortal_except_in_the_necessary_defence_of_his_own_life\"><\/span>Because, being mortal himself, and holding his life on the same uncertain and precarious tenure as all other sensitive beings, he does not feel himself justified, by any alleged superiority, or inequality of condition, in destroying the vital enjoyment of any other mortal, except in the necessary defence of his own life.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II\"><\/span>II.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_desire_of_life_is_so_paramount_and_so_affectingly_cherished_by_all_sensitive_beings_that_he_cannot_reconcile_it_to_his_feelings_to_destroy_or_become_a_voluntary_party_in_the_destruction_of_any_living_creature_however_much_in_his_power_or_apparently_insignificant\"><\/span>Because the desire of life is so paramount, and so affectingly cherished by all sensitive beings, that he cannot reconcile it to his feelings to destroy, or become a voluntary party in the destruction of, any living creature, however much in his power, or apparently insignificant.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden3.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16217\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16217 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden3.jpg\" alt=\"Golden3\" width=\"580\" height=\"834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden3.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden3-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III\"><\/span>III.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_he_perceives_in_nature_a_gradation_of_existence_subordinate_and_successive_by_which_atoms_form_the_granular_and_crystallized_masses_of_inert_matter_these_forming_vegetation_and_vegetables_forming_animalization_and_this_succession_with_some_exceptions_unworthy_of_moral_example_is_the_general_chain_of_all_existence\"><\/span>Because he perceives in nature a gradation of existence, subordinate and successive, by which atoms form the granular and crystallized masses of inert matter, these forming vegetation, and vegetables forming animalization; and this succession, with some exceptions, unworthy of moral example, is the general chain of all existence.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV\"><\/span>IV.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_nature_appears_to_have_made_a_super-abundant_provision_for_the_nourishment_of_animals_in_the_saccharine_matter_of_roots_and_fruits_in_the_farinaceous_matter_of_grain_seed_and_pulse_and_in_the_oleaginous_matter_of_the_stalks_leaves_and_pericarps_of_numerous_vegetables\"><\/span>Because nature appears to have made a super-abundant provision for the nourishment of animals in the saccharine matter of roots and fruits; in the farinaceous matter of grain, seed, and pulse; and in the oleaginous matter of the stalks, leaves, and pericarps, of numerous vegetables.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V\"><\/span>V.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_destruction_of_the_mechanical_organization_of_vegetables_inflicts_no_sensitive_suffering_nor_violates_any_moral_feeling_while_vegetables_serve_to_render_his_own_health_strength_and_spirits_better_than_those_of_most_carnivorous_men\"><\/span>Because the destruction of the mechanical organization of vegetables inflicts no sensitive suffering, nor violates any moral feeling; while vegetables serve to render his own health, strength, and spirits, better than those of most carnivorous men.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden5.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16238\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16238 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden5.jpg\" alt=\"Golden5\" width=\"580\" height=\"819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden5.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden5-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VI\"><\/span>VI.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_in_the_hope_of_emancipating_himself_from_the_sensual_and_selfish_instincts_which_govern_the_human_race_he_yields_to_his_moral_and_mental_convictions_setting_at_defiance_all_those_considerations_about_health_and_vigour_which_have_been_pressed_upon_him_by_the_intellectual_darkness_and_unfeeling_assumptions_of_the_medical_and_philosophical_schools\"><\/span>Because, in the hope of emancipating himself from the sensual and selfish instincts which govern the human race, he yields to his moral and mental convictions, setting at defiance all those considerations about health and vigour which have been pressed upon him by the intellectual darkness and unfeeling assumptions of the medical and philosophical schools.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VII\"><\/span>VII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_he_feels_an_utter_and_unconquerable_repugnance_against_applying_to_his_palate_masticating_with_his_teeth_or_receiving_into_his_stomach_the_flesh_or_juices_of_deceased_animal_organizations\"><\/span>Because he feels an utter and unconquerable repugnance against applying to his palate, masticating with his teeth, or receiving into his stomach, the flesh or juices of deceased animal organizations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VIII\"><\/span>VIII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_against_devouring_flesh_in_general_he_feels_the_same_abhorrence_which_he_hears_carnivorous_persons_express_against_eating_human_flesh_or_the_flesh_of_dogs_cats_horses_or_other_animals_which_in_some_countries_it_is_customary_for_the_carnivorous_to_devour\"><\/span>Because, against devouring flesh in general, he feels the same abhorrence which he hears carnivorous persons express against eating human flesh, or the flesh of dogs, cats, horses, or other animals, which in some countries it is customary for the carnivorous to devour.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden6.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16239\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16239 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden6.jpg\" alt=\"Golden6\" width=\"580\" height=\"804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden6.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden6-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IX\"><\/span>IX.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_he_observes_that_carnivorous_men_unrestrained_by_reflection_or_sentiment_even_refine_on_the_cruel_practices_of_the_most_savage_animals_and_apply_their_resources_of_mind_and_art_to_prolong_the_miseries_of_the_victims_of_their_appetites_skinning_roasting_and_boiling_animals_alive_and_torturing_them_without_reservation_or_remorse_if_they_add_thereby_to_the_variety_or_the_delicacy_of_their_carnivorous_gluttonies\"><\/span>Because he observes that carnivorous men, unrestrained by reflection or sentiment, even refine on the cruel practices of the most savage animals; and apply their resources of mind and art to prolong the miseries of the victims of their appetites, skinning, roasting, and boiling, animals alive, and torturing them without reservation or remorse, if they add thereby to the variety or the delicacy of their carnivorous gluttonies.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"X\"><\/span>X.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_observing_that_carnivorous_propensities_among_animals_are_accompanied_by_a_total_want_of_sympathetic_feelings_and_humane_sentiments_as_in_the_hyena_the_tyger_the_vulture_the_eagle_the_crocodile_and_the_shark_he_conceives_that_the_practices_of_those_carnivorous_brutes_afford_no_worthy_example_for_the_imitation_or_justification_of_rational_reflecting_and_conscientious_beings\"><\/span>Because, observing that carnivorous propensities among animals are accompanied by a total want of sympathetic feelings and humane sentiments, as in the hyena, the tyger, the vulture, the eagle, the crocodile, and the shark; he conceives that the practices of those carnivorous brutes afford no worthy example for the imitation or justification of rational, reflecting, and conscientious, beings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XI\"><\/span>XI.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_during_forty-six_years_rigid_abstinence_from_the_flesh_and_juices_of_de\"><\/span>Because, during forty-six years&#8217; rigid abstinence from the flesh and juices of de-<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden7.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16240\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16240 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden7.jpg\" alt=\"Golden7\" width=\"580\" height=\"795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden7.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden7-219x300.jpg 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ceased_sensitive_beings_he_finds_that_he_has_suffered_but_one_months_serious_illness_that_his_animal_strength_and_vigour_have_been_equal_or_superior_to_that_of_his_contemporaries_and_that_his_mind_has_been_fully_equal_to_numerous_shocks_which_it_has_had_to_encounter_from_innumerable_cases_of_turpitude_in_his_fellow-men\"><\/span>ceased sensitive beings, he finds that he has suffered but one month&#8217;s serious illness; that his animal strength and vigour have been equal, or superior, to that of his contemporaries; and that his mind has been fully equal to numerous shocks, which it has had to encounter, from innumerable cases of turpitude in his fellow-men.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XII\"><\/span>XII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_natural_sentiments_and_sympathies_of_human_beings_in_regard_to_the_killing_of_other_animals_are_generally_so_averse_to_the_practice_that_few_men_or_women_could_devour_the_animals_which_they_might_be_obliged_themselves_to_kill_yet_they_forget_or_affect_to_forget_the_living_endearments_or_dying_sufferings_of_the_creature_while_they_are_wantoning_over_his_remains\"><\/span>Because the natural sentiments and sympathies of human beings, in regard to the killing of other animals, are generally so averse to the practice, that few men or women could devour the animals which they might be obliged themselves to kill; yet they forget, or affect to forget, the living endearments or dying sufferings of the creature, while they are wantoning over his remains.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XIII\"><\/span>XIII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_human_stomach_appears_to_be_naturally_so_averse_to_the_remains_of_animals_that_few_could_partake_of_them_if_they_were_not_disguised_and_flavoured_by_culinary_preparation_yet_rational_creatures_ought_to_feel\"><\/span>Because the human stomach appears to be naturally so averse to the remains of animals, that few could partake of them if they were not disguised and flavoured by culinary preparation; yet rational creatures ought to feel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden8.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16241\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16241 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden8.jpg\" alt=\"Golden8\" width=\"580\" height=\"803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden8.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden8-217x300.jpg 217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"that_the_prepared_substances_are_not_the_less_what_they_truly_are_and_none_but_savages_could_devour_raw_flesh_or_kill_and_eat_on_the_spot_the_quivering_warm_flesh_of_their_victims_in_itself_loathsome\"><\/span>that the prepared substances are not the less what they truly are, and none but savages could devour raw flesh, or kill and eat on the spot the quivering warm flesh of their victims, in itself loathsome.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XIV\"><\/span>XIV.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_forty-seven_millions_of_acres_in_England_and_Wales_would_maintain_in_abundance_as_many_human_inhabitants_if_they_lived_wholly_on_grain_fruits_and_vegetables_but_they_sustain_only_fifteen_millions_scantily_while_animal_food_is_made_the_basis_of_human_subsistence\"><\/span>Because the forty-seven millions of acres in England and Wales would maintain in abundance as many human inhabitants, if they lived wholly on grain, fruits, and vegetables; but they sustain only fifteen millions scantily, while animal food is made the basis of human subsistence.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XV\"><\/span>XV.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_animals_do_not_present_or_contain_the_substance_of_food_in_mass_like_vegetables_every_part_of_their_economy_being_subservient_to_their_own_existence_and_their_entire_frames_being_solely_composed_of_blood_necessary_for_life_of_bones_for_strength_of_muscles_for_motion_and_of_nerves_for_sensation_just_like_ourselves\"><\/span>Because animals do not present or contain the substance of food in mass, like vegetables; every part of their economy being subservient to their own existence; and their entire frames being solely composed of blood necessary for life, of bones for strength, of muscles for motion, and of nerves for sensation, just like ourselves.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XVI\"><\/span>XVI.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_practice_of_killing_and_devouring_animals_can_be_justified_by_no_moral_plea\"><\/span>Because the practice of killing and devouring animals can be justified by no moral plea,<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden9.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16242\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16242 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden9.jpg\" alt=\"Golden9\" width=\"580\" height=\"831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden9.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden9-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"by_no_physical_benefit_nor_by_any_allegation_of_necessity_in_countries_where_there_is_abundance_of_vegetable_food_and_where_the_arts_of_gardening_and_husbandry_are_favoured_by_social_protection_and_by_the_genial_character_of_the_soil_and_climate_for_man_is_either_not_indigenous_in_climates_which_produce_no_vegetation_or_has_neglected_to_migrate_from_countries_whose_physical_character_has_changed\"><\/span>by no physical benefit, nor by any allegation of necessity, in countries where there is abundance of vegetable food; and where the arts of gardening and husbandry are favoured by social protection, and by the genial character of the soil and climate: for man is either not indigenous in climates which produce no vegetation, or has neglected to migrate from countries whose physical character has changed.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XVII\"><\/span>XVII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_in_morals_universally_the_moral_sense_governs_practices_without_regard_to_possible_inconveniences_while_assumed_inconveniences_are_not_in_any_case_admitted_as_justifications_of_practices_either_unjust_or_immoral_It_is_not_the_duty_or_in_the_power_of_man_to_regulate_the_universe_but_it_is_his_duty_to_respect_his_own_moral_sentiments_and_leave_to_powers_above_his_own_the_balancing_of_nature_and_the_harmonizing_of_existence\"><\/span>Because in morals, universally, the moral sense governs practices without regard to possible inconveniences ; while assumed inconveniences are not in any case admitted as justifications of practices either unjust or immoral. It is not the duty, or in the power of man, to regulate the universe; but it is his duty to respect his own moral sentiments, and leave to powers above his own, the balancing of nature, and the harmonizing of existence.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XVIII\"><\/span>XVIII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_practices_of_savages_and_of_savage_ancestry_in_killing_and_eating_animals\"><\/span>Because the practices of savages, and of savage ancestry, in killing and eating animals,<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden10.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16243\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16243 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden10.jpg\" alt=\"Golden10\" width=\"580\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden10.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden10-219x300.jpg 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"are_not_entitled_to_more_respect_among_civilized_men_than_the_practices_of_many_nations_even_at_this_day_in_killing_and_eating_either_their_enemies_or_their_way-laid_neighbours_and_so_forcible_is_custom_that_the_laws_of_civilization_against_murder_appear_to_be_insufficient_in_deterring_the_practice_of_cannibalism_among_some_black_tribes_in_the_British_colonies\"><\/span>are not entitled to more respect among civilized men, than the practices of many nations, even at this day, in killing and eating either their enemies or their way-laid neighbours; and so forcible is custom, that the laws of civilization against murder appear to be insufficient in deterring the practice of cannibalism among some black tribes in the British colonies.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XIX\"><\/span>XIX.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_custom_has_so_misled_men_and_so_hardened_their_hearts_against_sympathy_for_the_sufferings_of_creatures_in_their_power_and_unprotected_by_law_that_killing_and_maiming_is_denominated_sport_and_skill_in_such_practices_placed_even_on_a_level_with_the_liberal_arts_and_sciences_insomuch_that_man_is_the_terror_of_all_other_animals_and_the_merciless_tyrant_of_the_whole_animated_creation\"><\/span>Because custom has so misled men, and so hardened their hearts against sympathy for the sufferings of creatures in their power and unprotected by law, that killing and maiming is denominated sport, and skill in such practices placed even on a level with the liberal arts and sciences, insomuch that man is the terror of all other animals, and the merciless tyrant of the whole animated creation.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XX\"><\/span>XX.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_all_such_practices_as_hunting_shooting_fowling_fishing_badger-baiting_cock-fighting_bull-baiting_rook_and_gull_shooting_c_c_deprive_men_of_that_sympathy_and\"><\/span>Because all such practices as hunting, shooting, fowling, fishing, badger-baiting, cock-fighting, bull-baiting, rook and gull shooting, &amp;c. &amp;c. deprive men of that sympathy and<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden11.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16244\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16244 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden11.jpg\" alt=\"Golden11\" width=\"580\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden11.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden11-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden12.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-16245\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16245 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden12.jpg\" alt=\"Golden12\" width=\"580\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden12.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Golden12-300x108.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sense_of_mutual_justice_which_in_their_intercourse_with_one_another_ought_to_be_as_operative_as_law_and_the_energies_of_which_are_essential_to_the_happiness_of_society\"><\/span>sense of mutual justice, which, in their intercourse with one another, ought to be as operative as law, and the energies of which are essential to the happiness of society.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XXI\"><\/span>XXI.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_whenever_the_number_and_hostility_of_predatory_land_animals_might_so_tend_to_prevent_the_cultivation_of_vegetable_food_as_to_render_it_indispensible_to_destroy_them_in_self-defence_there_could_even_in_that_case_exist_no_necessity_to_destroy_the_animated_existences_in_water_and_as_in_most_civilized_countries_there_exist_no_land-animals_besides_those_which_are_purposely_bred_for_slaughter_or_luxury_of_course_all_destruction_in_such_countries_must_arise_either_from_unthinking_wantonness_or_carnivorous_gluttony\"><\/span>Because whenever the number and hostility of predatory land animals might so tend to prevent the cultivation of vegetable food, as to render it indispensible to destroy them in self-defence, there could even in that case exist no necessity to destroy the animated existences in water; and, as in most civilized countries there exist no land-animals besides those which are purposely bred for slaughter or luxury, of course all destruction in such countries must arise either from unthinking wantonness or carnivorous gluttony.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XXII\"><\/span>XXII.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Because_the_stomachs_of_locomotive_beings_appear_to_have_been_provided_for_the_purpose_of_conveying_about_with_the_moving_animal_nutritive_substances_analogous_in_effect_to_the_soil_in_which_are_fixed_the_roots_of_plants_and_consequently_nothing_ought_to_be_introduced_into_the_stomach_for_digestion_and_for_absorption_by_the_lacteals_or_roots_of_the_animal_system_but_the_natural_bases_of_simple_nutrition_as_the_saccharine_the_oleaginous_and_the_farinaceous_matter_of_the_vegetable_kingdom\"><\/span>Because the stomachs of locomotive beings appear to have been provided for the purpose of conveying about, with the moving animal, nutritive substances, analogous in effect to the soil in which are fixed the roots of plants; and, consequently, nothing ought to be introduced into the stomach for digestion and for absorption by the lacteals, or roots of the animal system, but the natural bases of simple nutrition, as the saccharine, the oleaginous, and the farinaceous, matter of the vegetable kingdom.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_1mf _1mj\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-offset-key=\"3fqu8-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_3_Main_Projects\"><\/span>Our 3 Main Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/span> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/span> is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/friends\/ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"7ut4h-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ut4h\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"7ut4h-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ut4h.0:$7ut4h-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ut4h.0:$7ut4h-0-0.0\">Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"ccdnr-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ccdnr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ccdnr-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ccdnr.0:$ccdnr-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ccdnr.0:$ccdnr-0-0.0\">Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"19vng-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$19vng\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"19vng-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$19vng.0:$19vng-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$19vng.0:$19vng-0-0.0\">Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"2t8qf-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$2t8qf\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"2t8qf-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$2t8qf.0:$2t8qf-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$2t8qf.0:$2t8qf-0-0.0\">Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"cduhd-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$cduhd\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"cduhd-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$cduhd.0:$cduhd-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$cduhd.0:$cduhd-0-0.0\">Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"3jtv9-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3jtv9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"3jtv9-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3jtv9.0:$3jtv9-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3jtv9.0:$3jtv9-0-0.0\">We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"6jbn3-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$6jbn3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6jbn3-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$6jbn3.0:$6jbn3-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$6jbn3.0:$6jbn3-0-0.0\">There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"dphi-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$dphi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"dphi-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$dphi.0:$dphi-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$dphi.0:$dphi-0-0.0\">We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"ffptj-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ffptj\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"ffptj-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ffptj.0:$ffptj-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ffptj.0:$ffptj-0-0.0\">It is long past time for the library to go online!<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"b29q5-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$b29q5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_center_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\" data-offset-key=\"b29q5-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$b29q5.0:$b29q5-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$b29q5.0:$b29q5-0-0.0\">\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of center for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: right;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"ptfd-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ptfd\"><span data-offset-key=\"ptfd-0-0\" data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ptfd.0:$ptfd-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".0.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$ptfd.0:$ptfd-0-0.0\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">Henry S. Salt<\/a><\/span> \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note &#8211; we use &#8216;vegan&#8217; and &#8216;vegans&#8217; in inverted commas here, because we are discussing a period long before the word vegan came into existence. Even the word vegetarian was not yet in use. Pythagorean &amp; Vegetable Eater \/ Eating\u00a0&#8211; these were the commonly used terms. &#8230;&#8230; Our\u00a0history is rich indeed. Circa 200 years ago in the UK &#8211; There had recently been a &#8216;vegan&#8217; (or close to vegan) Sheriff of London &#8211; Sir Richard Phillips. At potlucks you might\u00a0have got\u00a0to sit &amp; chat with\u00a0the Shelleys. We love the genius of\u00a0Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,\u00a0thinking up\u00a0the &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster\u00a0of\u00a0Victor Frankenstein. &#8230;&#8230;&#8217;vegans&#8217; were being &#8216;ribbed&#8217; by carnists. This 208 years old print is in our Ernest Bell Library. It &#8216;links&#8217; us to\u00a0these great thinkers, who were both humanitarians, and\u00a0very often\u00a0vegetarians,\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;apparently coming\u00a0close to\u00a0what we now call veganism. All discussed more below&#8230;&#8230; TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF THE HOG IN ARMOUR. The Print Explained Sir Richard Phillips was being satirized in a drawing by Samuel de Wilde, which had been commissioned &amp; published by Samuel Tipper. Sir Richard Phillips was a\u00a0recently knighted Sheriff of London and also a publisher. Here he is shown as the hog being carried by some of his hack writers. Phillips had been attacked [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":16098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[1152,2679,2680,2703,2702,2676,2678,2683,2677,2684,2674,2681,2682,2675],"class_list":["post-16079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-frankenstein-vegan","tag-howard-williams","tag-john-frank-newton","tag-joseph-ritson","tag-mary-shelley","tag-mary-wollstonecraft-shelley","tag-or-monthly-meteor","tag-percy-bysshe-shelley","tag-samuel-tipper","tag-sir-richard-phillips","tag-the-ethics-of-diet","tag-the-satirist","tag-william-godwin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Satire, Thinking And Literature - &#039;Vegans&#039; From 200 Years Ago - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Satire, Thinking And Literature - &#039;Vegans&#039; From 200 Years Ago - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note &#8211; we use &#8216;vegan&#8217; and &#8216;vegans&#8217; in inverted commas here, because we are discussing a period long before the word vegan came into existence. Even the word vegetarian was not yet in use. Pythagorean &amp; Vegetable Eater \/ Eating\u00a0&#8211; these were the commonly used terms. &#8230;&#8230; Our\u00a0history is rich indeed. Circa 200 years ago in the UK &#8211; There had recently been a &#8216;vegan&#8217; (or close to vegan) Sheriff of London &#8211; Sir Richard Phillips. At potlucks you might\u00a0have got\u00a0to sit &amp; chat with\u00a0the Shelleys. We love the genius of\u00a0Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,\u00a0thinking up\u00a0the &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster\u00a0of\u00a0Victor Frankenstein. &#8230;&#8230;&#8217;vegans&#8217; were being &#8216;ribbed&#8217; by carnists. This 208 years old print is in our Ernest Bell Library. It &#8216;links&#8217; us to\u00a0these great thinkers, who were both humanitarians, and\u00a0very often\u00a0vegetarians,\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;apparently coming\u00a0close to\u00a0what we now call veganism. All discussed more below&#8230;&#8230; TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF THE HOG IN ARMOUR. The Print Explained Sir Richard Phillips was being satirized in a drawing by Samuel de Wilde, which had been commissioned &amp; published by Samuel Tipper. Sir Richard Phillips was a\u00a0recently knighted Sheriff of London and also a publisher. Here he is shown as the hog being carried by some of his hack writers. Phillips had been attacked [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-09T19:39:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-05-10T07:58:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Triumphal-Procession-mini.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegan-satire\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Satire, Thinking And Literature &#8211; 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Pythagorean &amp; Vegetable Eater \/ Eating\u00a0&#8211; these were the commonly used terms. &#8230;&#8230; Our\u00a0history is rich indeed. Circa 200 years ago in the UK &#8211; There had recently been a &#8216;vegan&#8217; (or close to vegan) Sheriff of London &#8211; Sir Richard Phillips. At potlucks you might\u00a0have got\u00a0to sit &amp; chat with\u00a0the Shelleys. We love the genius of\u00a0Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,\u00a0thinking up\u00a0the &#8216;vegan&#8217; monster\u00a0of\u00a0Victor Frankenstein. &#8230;&#8230;&#8217;vegans&#8217; were being &#8216;ribbed&#8217; by carnists. This 208 years old print is in our Ernest Bell Library. It &#8216;links&#8217; us to\u00a0these great thinkers, who were both humanitarians, and\u00a0very often\u00a0vegetarians,\u00a0&#8230;&#8230;apparently coming\u00a0close to\u00a0what we now call veganism. All discussed more below&#8230;&#8230; TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF THE HOG IN ARMOUR. 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