{"id":14805,"date":"2015-11-23T09:15:42","date_gmt":"2015-11-23T17:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=14805"},"modified":"2016-11-24T04:39:20","modified_gmt":"2016-11-24T12:39:20","slug":"undercover-activism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/","title":{"rendered":"Undercover Activism 100+ Years Ago!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Today_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6we_would_like_to_jump_back_to_1914_to_one_of_the_first_successful_animal_cruelty_prosecutions_The_court_case_was_brought_by_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League_PADL\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Today: &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;we would like to jump back to 1914, to one of the first successful animal cruelty prosecutions. The court case was brought by the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League (PADL).<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_are_happy_to_discover_that_undercover_activism_for_the_benefit_of_animals_goes_back_more_than_100_years\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >We are happy to discover\u00a0that undercover activism for the benefit of animals goes back more than 100 years!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98Andrew_a_dealer_friend_in_the_UK_recently_discovered_this_original_postcard_of_%E2%80%98Choclat_and_sold_it_to_us\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >&#8216;Andrew&#8217;, a dealer friend in the UK, recently discovered this original postcard of &#8216;Choclat&#8217; and sold it to us.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Our_library_team_knew_of_the_legal_case_because_in_one_of_his_published_letters_copied_below_Ernest_Bell_had_described_the_case_as_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >Our library\u00a0team knew of the legal case because, in one of his published letters (copied below), Ernest Bell had described\u00a0the case as &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6the_first_of_its_kind%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >&#8216;&#8230;&#8230;the first of its kind&#8230;&#8230;&#8217;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Until_seeing_the_postcard_we_didnt_know_that_there_had_been_such_a_happy_ending_to_the_story_The_National_Canine_Defence_League_NCDL_had_rehomed_the_tiny_dog_people_had_started_to_call_him_%E2%80%98Choclat\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >Until seeing the postcard, we didn&#8217;t know that there had been such a happy ending to the story.\u00a0The National Canine Defence League (NCDL) had rehomed the tiny dog &amp; people\u00a0had started to call him &#8216;Choclat&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Andrew_also_sent_high_resolution_scans_of_the_postcard_to_us_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6to_ease_our_impatience_as_we_waited_to_receive_it_from_our_post_office_delivery_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >Andrew also sent high resolution scans of the postcard to us &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;to ease our impatience as we waited to receive it from our post office delivery friends!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Introducing_the_%E2%80%98Players_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >Introducing the &#8216;Players&#8217;: &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98Choclat_%E2%80%93_a_dog_forced_to_perform_He_was_%E2%80%98freed_from_his_abusers_in_1914_by_the_efforts_of_our_illustrious_AR_predecessors\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >&#8216;Choclat&#8217; &#8211; a dog forced to perform. He was &#8216;freed&#8217; from his abusers in 1914 by the efforts\u00a0of our illustrious AR predecessors.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Mrs_Albert_Bradshaw_%E2%80%93_AKA_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%98Anne_M_Tree_%E2%80%93_an_almost_forgotten_AR_pioneer_%E2%80%98Anne_was_also_remembered_this_year_on_p31_p56_of_the_truly_superb_new_book_%E2%80%93_The_Welfare_of_Performing_Animals_A_Historical_Perspective_%E2%80%93_by_%E2%80%93_David_A_H_Wilson_%E2%80%93_2015\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >Mrs Albert Bradshaw &#8211; AKA &#8211; &#8216;Anne M. Tree&#8217; &#8211; an almost forgotten AR pioneer.\u00a0&#8216;Anne&#8217; was also remembered this year on p31 &amp; p56 of the truly superb new book &#8211;\u00a0The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective &#8211; by &#8211; David A. H. Wilson &#8211; 2015.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98Anne_was_%E2%80%93_an_undercover_animal_rights_activist_100_years_ago_%E2%80%93_and_a_co-founder_of_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >&#8216;Anne&#8217; was &#8211; an undercover animal rights activist 100+ years ago &#8211; and a co-founder of\u00a0the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_have_not_yet_found_%E2%80%98Annes_photo_we_do_have_a_great_deal_more_information_about_her_this_we_will_share_in_future_articles\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >We have not yet found &#8216;Anne&#8217;s&#8217; photo, we do have a great deal\u00a0more information about her, this we will share in future articles.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Jessey_Wade_Ernest_Bell_John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_also_co-founders_active_members_of_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >Jessey Wade, Ernest Bell, John Galsworthy &#8211; also co-founders &amp; active members of\u00a0the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Les_Marcellis_%E2%80%93_a_team_of_European_performing_acrobats_Their_act_continued_with_changes_of_personnel_into_at_least_the_1960s\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >Les Marcellis &#8211; a team of European performing acrobats. Their act continued, with changes of personnel, into at least the 1960s.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Arthur_Case_%E2%80%93_a_veterinary_surgeon_%E2%80%93_called_as_an_expert_witness_Arthur_Case_was_also_sometimes_an_expert_witness_for_the_RSPCA_Read_about_Arthur_Case_testifying_for_the_RSPCA_in_a_1911_a_case_of_an_abused_lion_from_1911_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >Arthur Case &#8211; a veterinary surgeon &#8211; called as an expert witness. Arthur Case was also sometimes an expert witness for the RSPCA. Read about Arthur Case testifying for the RSPCA in a 1911 a case of an abused lion from 1911 &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#C_Rowland_Johns_%E2%80%93_and_the_team_at_NCDL_%E2%80%93_now_known_as_Dogs_Trust_Ernest_Bell_was_also_a_co-founder_of_NCDL\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >C. Rowland Johns\u00a0&#8211; and the team at NCDL &#8211; now known as Dogs Trust. Ernest Bell was also a co-founder of NCDL.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Ernest_Bells_published_letter_about_the_legal_case_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >Ernest Bell&#8217;s published letter about the legal case &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#August_8_1914_%E2%80%93_The_British_Journal_of_Nursing_%E2%80%93_p129_%E2%80%93_source\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >August 8, 1914 &#8211; The British Journal of Nursing &#8211; p129 &#8211; source.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Note_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >Note &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_Protection_of_Animals_Act_1911_c_27_is_an_Act_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_It_received_royal_assent_on_18_August_1911\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >The Protection of Animals Act 1911 (c. 27) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent on 18 August 1911.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_act_consolidated_several_previous_pieces_of_legislation_among_others_repealing_the_Cruelty_to_Animals_Act_1849_and_the_Wild_Animals_in_Captivity_Protection_Act_1900_It_was_itself_largely_repealed_and_replaced_by_the_Animal_Welfare_Act_2006_which_consolidated_many_different_forms_of_animal_welfare_legislation_%E2%80%93_Wiki_a_link_to_the_Act\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >The act consolidated several previous pieces of legislation, among others repealing the Cruelty to Animals Act 1849 and the Wild Animals in Captivity Protection Act 1900. It was itself largely repealed and replaced by the Animal Welfare Act 2006, which consolidated many different forms of animal welfare legislation. &#8211; Wiki &amp; a link to the Act.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_reverse_of_the_postcard_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >The reverse of the postcard &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#A_nice_addition_%E2%80%93_in_1915_%E2%80%98L_M_Hitchens_was_seemingly_working_on_rehoming_a_kitten_also_offering_to_take_it_to_its_new_%E2%80%98human_carer_%E2%80%98W_G_Lee_Esq\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >A nice addition &#8211; in 1915 &#8216;L. M. Hitchens&#8217; was seemingly working on rehoming a kitten &amp; also offering to take it to its new &#8216;human&#8217; carer &#8216;W. G. Lee Esq.&#8217; .<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Related_History_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >Related History &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Longer_extracts_from_%E2%80%93_The_Welfare_of_Performing_Animals_A_Historical_Perspective_%E2%80%93_by_%E2%80%93_David_A_H_Wilson_%E2%80%93_2015_We_have_ordered_a_copy_of_the_book\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >Longer extracts from &#8211;\u00a0The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective &#8211; by &#8211; David A. H. Wilson &#8211; 2015. We have ordered a copy of the book!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#P3032\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >P30\/32<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Bizarre_Beyond_Belief_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >Bizarre Beyond Belief &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#i\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#_The_case_involved_a_dog_balancing_and_climbing_an_oscillating_ladder\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >~ The case involved a dog balancing and climbing an oscillating ladder. ~<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#15_March_2016_%E2%80%93_update\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >15 March 2016 &#8211; update.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Just_discovered_%E2%80%93_in_the_May_1915_issues_of_%E2%80%98The_Animals_friend_journal_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >Just discovered &#8211; in the\u00a0May 1915 issues of &#8216;The Animals&#8217; friend&#8217; journal &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6on_behalf_of_those_who_are_trained_to_be_%E2%80%9Cperforming_animals%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >&#8230;&#8230;on behalf of those who are trained to be &#8220;performing animals.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#On_one_of_the_pages_of_this_interesting_Report_is_a_picture_of_poor_little_%E2%80%9CChoclat%E2%80%9D_the_performing_dog_whose_case_was_brought_into_court_by_the_League_and_the_Performing_Animals_Defence_Committee_To_have_rescued_him_from_a_wretched_existence_of_terror_and_handed_him_over_to_his_present_life_of_peace_and_contentment_is_a_matter_for_sincere_congratulation_and_we_hope_the_case_may_only_be_the_forerunner_of_others_of_the_kind\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >On one of the pages of this interesting Report is a picture of poor little &#8220;Choclat,&#8221; the performing dog whose case was brought into court by the League and the Performing Animals&#8217; Defence Committee. To have rescued him from a wretched existence of terror, and handed him over to his present life of peace and contentment, is a matter for sincere congratulation, and we hope the case may only be the forerunner of others of the kind.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_later_a_Nobel_Laureate_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >John Galsworthy &#8211; later a Nobel Laureate &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Treatment_of_animals_being_a_speech_delivered_at_the_Kensington_Town_Hall_on_December_15_1913_at_a_meeting_called_to_protest_against_cruelties_to_performing_animals_%E2%80%93_by_John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_The_%E2%80%9CA_F%E2%80%9D_pamphlet_series_%E2%80%93_London_Animals_Friend_Society1913_Ask_us_for_the_complete_pamphlet_as_a_15MB_pdf_file\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >Treatment of animals : being a speech delivered at the Kensington Town Hall on December 15, 1913, at a meeting called to protest against cruelties to performing animals &#8211;\u00a0by John Galsworthy &#8211;\u00a0The &#8220;A. F.&#8221; pamphlet series &#8211;\u00a0London :Animals&#8217; Friend Society,[1913]. Ask us for the complete pamphlet as a 15MB .pdf file.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#To_go_deeper_into_the_history_of_the_PADL_the_NCDL_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >To go deeper into the history of the PADL &amp; the NCDL &#8211;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Much_more_about_the_PADL_Jessey_Wade_and_Ernest_Bell_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >Much more about the PADL, Jessey Wade and Ernest Bell &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Another_PADL_case_in_1921_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >Another PADL\u00a0case in 1921 &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_remaining_records_archives_of_the_PADL_are_held_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >The remaining records &amp; archives of the PADL are held in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_NCDL_is_now_called_Dogs_Trust_%E2%80%93_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_is_helping_them_to_build_up_their_historical_archives_%E2%80%93_their_current_website_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >The NCDL\u00a0is now called Dogs Trust &#8211; the Ernest Bell Library is helping them to build up their historical archives\u00a0&#8211; their current website &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#NCDL_190515_era_celebrity_supporters_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >NCDL 1905\/15 era celebrity supporters &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#NCDL_1909_postcards_more_on_Ernest_Bells_involvement_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >NCDL 1909 postcards &amp; more on Ernest Bell&#8217;s involvement &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#NCDL_19267_%E2%80%93_opposing_vivisection_of_animals_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >NCDL 1926\/7 &#8211; opposing vivisection of animals &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Our_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >Our Projects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_Henry_Salt_Archive_is_one_of_our_almost_completed_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >The Henry Salt Archive is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_Humanitarian_League_is_our_Hong_Kong_registered_charity_It_cares_for_The_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_was_conceived_in_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >The Humanitarian League is our Hong Kong registered charity. It cares for\u00a0The Ernest Bell Library, which\u00a0was conceived in 1934.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#The_library_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >The library\u00a0is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#the_history_of_Democratic_Socialism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\"  >the history of Democratic Socialism.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#pre-WW2_Trade_Union_badges_pins_ephemera\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\"  >pre-WW2 Trade Union badges \/ pins \/ ephemera.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-10\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#What_is_our_connection_with_HappyCow\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\"  >What is our connection with HappyCow?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#HappyCow_is_now_very_%E2%80%98vegan_focused_and_in_our_opinion_is_very_effective_at_promoting_vegan_businesses_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\"  >HappyCow is now very &#8216;vegan focused&#8217; and, in our opinion, is very\u00a0effective at promoting vegan businesses &amp; projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_have_been_writing_reviews_on_HappyCow_submitting_new_listings_edits_since_2007\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\"  >We have been writing reviews on HappyCow &amp; submitting new listings &amp; edits since 2007.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Our_library_team_cooperates_with_and_post_articles_to_HappyCow_primarily_because_the_site_is_busy_with_%E2%80%98our_kind_of_people_HappyCow_often_gets_1000000_visits_each_month_our_%E2%80%98message_gets_out_to_many_more_times_the_number_of_people_than_it_did_when_we_used_to_post_only_to_our_UK_based_site_%E2%80%93_wwwhenrysaltcouk\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\"  >Our library team cooperates with, and post articles to, HappyCow, primarily because the site is busy with &#8216;our kind of people&#8217;. HappyCow\u00a0often gets 1,000,000+ visits each month &amp; our &#8216;message&#8217; gets out to many more times the number of people than it did when we used to post only\u00a0to our UK based site &#8211; www.henrysalt.co.uk.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_are_deeply_attached_to_the_history_humanitarianism_%E2%80%93_and_especially_attached_to_the_history_of_veganism_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6which_is_know_by_many_different_names_around_the_world_In_1905_Ernest_Bell_referred_to_veganism_%E2%80%98animal_rights_related_plant_eating_as_the_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\"  >We are deeply attached to the history humanitarianism &#8211; and especially attached to the history of veganism\u00a0&#8211; &#8230;&#8230;which is know by many different names around the world.\u00a0In 1905 Ernest Bell referred to veganism \/ &#8216;animal rights related plant eating&#8217;\u00a0as the &#8211;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6wholesome_and_invigorating_diet_of_the_arboreal_ancestors_from_whom_we_inherit_our_canine_teeth_wrongly_so_called%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\"  >\u2018\u2026wholesome and invigorating diet of the arboreal ancestors from whom we inherit our canine teeth (wrongly so called),\u2026\u2019<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\"  >&#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Luckily_for_all_of_us_almost_40_years_later_Fay_K_G_Allan_Henderson_with_input_from_Dorothy_Donald_Watson_thought_up_the_terms_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\"  >Luckily for all of us, almost 40 years later, Fay K. &amp; G. Allan Henderson, with input from Dorothy &amp; Donald Watson thought up the terms &#8211;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%98Vegan_Veganism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\"  >&#8216;Vegan &amp; Veganism&#8217;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#We_now_have_more_than_100_blog_posts_visible_on_HappyCow\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\"  >We now have more than 100 blog posts visible on HappyCow.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-11\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#If_anyone_would_like_more_information_about_our_projects_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\"  >If anyone would like more information about our projects, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\"  >&#8211; or message me \u00a0through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/ \n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\"  >\u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#April_May_2007_%E2%80%93_Satya\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\"  >April \/ May 2007 \u2013 Satya<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#Q_Colleen_Patrick-Goudreau_%E2%80%93_You_use_the_phrase_%E2%80%9Chistorical_amnesia%E2%80%9D_to_refer_to_the_fact_that_contemporary_animal_activists%E2%80%94and_society_as_a_whole%E2%80%94know_nothing_of_the_legacy_of_animal_activism_in_the_US_What_are_some_of_the_effects_of_having_%E2%80%9Chistorical_amnesia%E2%80%9D_Why_is_it_so_important_to_know_our_legacy\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\"  >Q) Colleen Patrick-Goudreau \u2013 You use the phrase \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d to refer to the fact that contemporary animal activists\u2014and society as a whole\u2014know nothing of the legacy of animal activism in the U.S. What are some of the effects of having \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d? Why is it so important to know our legacy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/#A_Diane_Beers_%E2%80%93_Animal_advocacy_has_an_amazing_history_yet_it_is_essentially_an_untold_story_African_American_activists_will_often_say_%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D_Indeed_if_activists_dont_know_the_history_of_their_cause_they_can_have_no_sense_of_their_movements_struggles_long-term_strategies_achievements_and_heroes_In_addition_they_cant_promote_their_long_impressive_movement_to_the_public_and_their_opponents%E2%80%94the_meat_industry_medical_research_industry_and_the_government%E2%80%94will_fill_the_void_They_have_been_the_ones_most_aggressively_and_successfully_constructing_negative_images_and_outright_myths_of_animal_advocacy_that_the_public_often_believes\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\"  >A)\u00a0Diane Beers \u2013\u00a0Animal advocacy has an amazing history, yet it is essentially an untold story. African American activists will often say, \u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d Indeed, if activists don\u2019t know the history of their cause, they can have no sense of their movement\u2019s struggles, long-term strategies, achievements and heroes. In addition, they can\u2019t promote their long impressive movement to the public, and their opponents\u2014the meat industry, medical research industry and the government\u2014will fill the void. They have been the ones most aggressively and successfully constructing negative images and outright myths of animal advocacy that the public often believes.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Today_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6we_would_like_to_jump_back_to_1914_to_one_of_the_first_successful_animal_cruelty_prosecutions_The_court_case_was_brought_by_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League_PADL\"><\/span>Today: &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;we would like to jump back to 1914, to one of the first successful animal cruelty prosecutions. The court case was brought by the <em>Performing and Captive Animals Defence League<\/em> (PADL).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_happy_to_discover_that_undercover_activism_for_the_benefit_of_animals_goes_back_more_than_100_years\"><\/span>We are happy to discover\u00a0that <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">undercover activism for the benefit of animals goes back more than 100 years!<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Andrew_a_dealer_friend_in_the_UK_recently_discovered_this_original_postcard_of_%E2%80%98Choclat_and_sold_it_to_us\"><\/span>&#8216;Andrew&#8217;, a dealer friend in the UK, recently discovered this original postcard of &#8216;Choclat&#8217; and sold it to us.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatF580.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14806 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatF580.jpg\" alt=\"ChoclatF580\" width=\"580\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatF580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatF580-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_library_team_knew_of_the_legal_case_because_in_one_of_his_published_letters_copied_below_Ernest_Bell_had_described_the_case_as_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Our library\u00a0team knew of the legal case because, in one of his published letters (copied below), Ernest Bell had described\u00a0the case as &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6the_first_of_its_kind%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8216;&#8230;&#8230;the first of its kind&#8230;&#8230;&#8217; <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Until_seeing_the_postcard_we_didnt_know_that_there_had_been_such_a_happy_ending_to_the_story_The_National_Canine_Defence_League_NCDL_had_rehomed_the_tiny_dog_people_had_started_to_call_him_%E2%80%98Choclat\"><\/span>Until seeing the postcard, we didn&#8217;t know that there had been such a happy ending to the story.\u00a0The <em>National Canine Defence League<\/em> (NCDL) had rehomed the tiny dog &amp; people\u00a0had started to call him &#8216;Choclat&#8217;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Andrew_also_sent_high_resolution_scans_of_the_postcard_to_us_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6to_ease_our_impatience_as_we_waited_to_receive_it_from_our_post_office_delivery_friends\"><\/span>Andrew also sent high resolution scans of the postcard to us &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;to ease our impatience as we waited to receive it from our post office delivery friends!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introducing_the_%E2%80%98Players_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Introducing the &#8216;Players&#8217;: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Choclat_%E2%80%93_a_dog_forced_to_perform_He_was_%E2%80%98freed_from_his_abusers_in_1914_by_the_efforts_of_our_illustrious_AR_predecessors\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">&#8216;Choclat&#8217;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a dog forced to perform. He was &#8216;freed&#8217; from his abusers in 1914 by the efforts\u00a0of our illustrious AR predecessors.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Mrs Albert Bradshaw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; AKA &#8211; &#8216;Anne M. Tree&#8217; &#8211; an almost forgotten AR pioneer.\u00a0&#8216;Anne&#8217; was also remembered this year on p31 &amp; p56 of the truly superb new book &#8211;\u00a0<em>The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective<\/em> &#8211; by &#8211; David A. H. Wilson &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783662458334\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">2015<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14842 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw2.jpg\" alt=\"Bradshaw2\" width=\"580\" height=\"61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw2.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw2-300x32.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Anne_was_%E2%80%93_an_undercover_animal_rights_activist_100_years_ago_%E2%80%93_and_a_co-founder_of_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League\"><\/span>&#8216;Anne&#8217; was &#8211; <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">an undercover animal rights activist 100+ years ago<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; and a co-founder of\u00a0the <em>Performing and Captive Animals Defence League<\/em>.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14824 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw.jpg\" alt=\"Bradshaw\" width=\"580\" height=\"61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bradshaw-300x32.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_have_not_yet_found_%E2%80%98Annes_photo_we_do_have_a_great_deal_more_information_about_her_this_we_will_share_in_future_articles\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We have not yet found &#8216;Anne&#8217;s&#8217; photo, we do have a great deal\u00a0more information about her, this we will share in future articles.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jessey_Wade_Ernest_Bell_John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_also_co-founders_active_members_of_the_Performing_and_Captive_Animals_Defence_League\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Jessey Wade<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\">Ernest Bell<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\">John Galsworthy<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; also co-founders &amp; active members of\u00a0the <em>Performing and Captive Animals Defence League<\/em>.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_Marcellis_%E2%80%93_a_team_of_European_performing_acrobats_Their_act_continued_with_changes_of_personnel_into_at_least_the_1960s\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Les Marcellis<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a team of European performing acrobats. Their act continued, with changes of personnel, into at least the 1960s.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Arthur Case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a veterinary surgeon &#8211; called as an expert witness. Arthur Case was also sometimes an expert witness for the RSPCA. Read about Arthur Case testifying for the RSPCA in a 1911 a case of an abused lion from 1911 &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/ndp\/del\/article\/5305222\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Rowland_Johns_%E2%80%93_and_the_team_at_NCDL_%E2%80%93_now_known_as_Dogs_Trust_Ernest_Bell_was_also_a_co-founder_of_NCDL\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">C. Rowland Johns<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; and the team at NCDL &#8211; now known as Dogs Trust. Ernest Bell was also a co-founder of NCDL.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ernest_Bells_published_letter_about_the_legal_case_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ernest Bell&#8217;s published letter about the legal case &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">August 8, 1914 &#8211; The British Journal of Nursing &#8211; p129 &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk\/data\/VOLUME053-1914\/page129-volume53-8thaugust1914.pdf\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">source<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14810 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL1.png\" alt=\"ChoclatL1\" width=\"446\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL1.png 446w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL1-300x217.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14811 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL2.png\" alt=\"ChoclatL2\" width=\"460\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL2.png 460w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatL2-300x241.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Note_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Note &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Protection_of_Animals_Act_1911_c_27_is_an_Act_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_It_received_royal_assent_on_18_August_1911\"><\/span><em>The Protection of Animals Act 1911<\/em> (c. 27) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent on 18 August 1911.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">The act consolidated several previous pieces of legislation, among others repealing the <em>Cruelty to Animals Act 1849<\/em> and the <em>Wild Animals in Captivity Protection Act 1900<\/em>. It was itself largely repealed and replaced by the <em>Animal Welfare Act 2006<\/em>, which consolidated many different forms of animal welfare legislation. &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protection_of_Animals_Act_1911\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Wiki &amp; a link to the Act<\/a>.<\/span><\/h5>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_reverse_of_the_postcard_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>The reverse of the postcard &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatR580.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14813 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatR580.jpg\" alt=\"ChoclatR580\" width=\"580\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatR580.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatR580-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_nice_addition_%E2%80%93_in_1915_%E2%80%98L_M_Hitchens_was_seemingly_working_on_rehoming_a_kitten_also_offering_to_take_it_to_its_new_%E2%80%98human_carer_%E2%80%98W_G_Lee_Esq\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A nice addition &#8211; in 1915 &#8216;L. M. Hitchens&#8217; was seemingly working on rehoming a kitten &amp; also offering to take it to its new &#8216;human&#8217; carer &#8216;W. G. Lee Esq.&#8217; .<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_History_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Related History &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Longer extracts from &#8211;\u00a0<em>The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective<\/em> &#8211; by &#8211; David A. H. Wilson &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783662458334\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">2015<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We have ordered a copy of the book!<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"P3032\"><\/span>P30\/32<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14807 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1.png\" alt=\"Choclat1\" width=\"688\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1.png 688w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1-300x222.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat2.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14808 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat2.png\" alt=\"Choclat2\" width=\"689\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat2.png 689w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat2-300x234.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat3.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14836 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat3.png\" alt=\"Choclat3\" width=\"454\" height=\"22\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat3.png 454w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat3-300x15.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bizarre_Beyond_Belief_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bizarre Beyond Belief &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatFLadder.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14815\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatFLadder.jpg\" alt=\"ChoclatFLadder\" width=\"100\" height=\"286\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_The_case_involved_a_dog_balancing_and_climbing_an_oscillating_ladder\"><\/span>~ The case involved a dog balancing and climbing an oscillating ladder. ~<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_March_2016_%E2%80%93_update\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">15 March 2016 &#8211; update.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Just_discovered_%E2%80%93_in_the_May_1915_issues_of_%E2%80%98The_Animals_friend_journal_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Just discovered &#8211; in the\u00a0May 1915 issues of &#8216;The Animals&#8217; friend&#8217; journal &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1915.jpg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-15690\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15690 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1915.jpg\" alt=\"Choclat1915\" width=\"580\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1915.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Choclat1915-300x253.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6on_behalf_of_those_who_are_trained_to_be_%E2%80%9Cperforming_animals%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8230;&#8230;on behalf of those who are trained to be &#8220;performing animals.&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_one_of_the_pages_of_this_interesting_Report_is_a_picture_of_poor_little_%E2%80%9CChoclat%E2%80%9D_the_performing_dog_whose_case_was_brought_into_court_by_the_League_and_the_Performing_Animals_Defence_Committee_To_have_rescued_him_from_a_wretched_existence_of_terror_and_handed_him_over_to_his_present_life_of_peace_and_contentment_is_a_matter_for_sincere_congratulation_and_we_hope_the_case_may_only_be_the_forerunner_of_others_of_the_kind\"><\/span>On one of the pages of this interesting Report is a picture of poor little &#8220;Choclat,&#8221; the performing dog whose case was brought into court by the League and the Performing Animals&#8217; Defence Committee. To have rescued him from a wretched existence of terror, and handed him over to his present life of peace and contentment, is a matter for sincere congratulation, and we hope the case may only be the forerunner of others of the kind.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_later_a_Nobel_Laureate_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">John Galsworthy &#8211; later a Nobel Laureate &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Treatment.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14816 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Treatment.png\" alt=\"Treatment\" width=\"580\" height=\"828\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Treatment.png 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Treatment-210x300.png 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 90px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"65lpb-0-0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatment_of_animals_being_a_speech_delivered_at_the_Kensington_Town_Hall_on_December_15_1913_at_a_meeting_called_to_protest_against_cruelties_to_performing_animals_%E2%80%93_by_John_Galsworthy_%E2%80%93_The_%E2%80%9CA_F%E2%80%9D_pamphlet_series_%E2%80%93_London_Animals_Friend_Society1913_Ask_us_for_the_complete_pamphlet_as_a_15MB_pdf_file\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span data-offset-key=\"65lpb-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\"><em>Treatment of animals : being a speech delivered at the Kensington Town Hall on December 15, 1913, at a meeting called to protest against cruelties to performing animals<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6g0o9-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">by John Galsworthy &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"9ja09-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">The &#8220;A. F.&#8221; pamphlet series &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"15jbr-0-0\"><span data-text=\"true\">London :Animals&#8217; Friend Society,[1913]. Ask us for the complete pamphlet as a 15MB .pdf file.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_go_deeper_into_the_history_of_the_PADL_the_NCDL_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To go deeper into the history of the PADL &amp; the NCDL &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Much more about the PADL, Jessey Wade and Ernest Bell &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/the-brown-linties-by-jessey-wade-featuring-ernest-bell-as-mr-friend\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Another PADL\u00a0case in 1921 &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/performing-seals-uk-royalty-ar-activists\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_remaining_records_archives_of_the_PADL_are_held_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The remaining records &amp; archives of the PADL are held in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/NCDLtext.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14819 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/NCDLtext.jpg\" alt=\"NCDLtext\" width=\"580\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/NCDLtext.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/NCDLtext-300x87.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The NCDL\u00a0is now called <em>Dogs Trust<\/em> &#8211; the Ernest Bell Library is helping them to build up their historical archives\u00a0&#8211; their current website &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dogstrust.org.uk\/about-us\/our-history\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NCDL 1905\/15 era celebrity supporters &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/edith-cole-william-wallace-kelly-anti-vivisection-celebrities\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NCDL 1909 postcards &amp; more on Ernest Bell&#8217;s involvement &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NCDL 1926\/7 &#8211; opposing vivisection of animals &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/bob-a-london-wolfhound-mongrel-escapes-from-a-famous-vivisectors-clutches\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_Projects\"><\/span>Our Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/info\/\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/strong> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/h4>\n<h4><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/strong><\/em> is our Hong Kong registered charity. It cares for\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/span>, which\u00a0was conceived in 1934.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_library_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>The library\u00a0is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\"><\/span>the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_history_of_Democratic_Socialism\"><\/span>the history of Democratic Socialism.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pre-WW2_Trade_Union_badges_pins_ephemera\"><\/span>pre-WW2 Trade Union badges \/ pins \/ ephemera.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span>There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an <em>Ernest Bell Library<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>nd so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Henry S. Salt \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\">writing<\/a><\/span> in September 1934<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-10\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_our_connection_with_HappyCow\"><\/span>What is our connection with HappyCow?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HappyCow_is_now_very_%E2%80%98vegan_focused_and_in_our_opinion_is_very_effective_at_promoting_vegan_businesses_projects\"><\/span>HappyCow is now very &#8216;vegan focused&#8217; and, in our opinion, is very\u00a0effective at promoting vegan businesses &amp; projects.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_have_been_writing_reviews_on_HappyCow_submitting_new_listings_edits_since_2007\"><\/span>We have been writing reviews on HappyCow &amp; submitting new listings &amp; edits since 2007.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Our library team cooperates with, and post articles to, HappyCow, primarily because the site is busy with &#8216;our kind of people&#8217;. HappyCow\u00a0often gets 1,000,000+ visits each month &amp; our &#8216;message&#8217; gets out to many more times the number of people than it did when we used to post only\u00a0to our UK based site &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">www.henrysalt.co.uk<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_deeply_attached_to_the_history_humanitarianism_%E2%80%93_and_especially_attached_to_the_history_of_veganism_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6which_is_know_by_many_different_names_around_the_world_In_1905_Ernest_Bell_referred_to_veganism_%E2%80%98animal_rights_related_plant_eating_as_the_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are deeply attached to the history humanitarianism &#8211; and especially attached to the history of veganism\u00a0&#8211; &#8230;&#8230;which is know by many different names around the world.\u00a0In 1905 Ernest Bell referred to veganism \/ &#8216;animal rights related plant eating&#8217;\u00a0as the &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98%E2%80%A6wholesome_and_invigorating_diet_of_the_arboreal_ancestors_from_whom_we_inherit_our_canine_teeth_wrongly_so_called%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u2018\u2026wholesome and invigorating diet of the arboreal ancestors from whom we inherit our canine teeth (wrongly so called),\u2026\u2019 <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>&#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">more<\/a><\/span>.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Luckily_for_all_of_us_almost_40_years_later_Fay_K_G_Allan_Henderson_with_input_from_Dorothy_Donald_Watson_thought_up_the_terms_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Luckily for all of us, almost 40 years later, Fay K. &amp; G. Allan Henderson, with input from Dorothy &amp; Donald Watson thought up the terms &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Vegan_Veganism\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8216;Vegan &amp; Veganism&#8217;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_now_have_more_than_100_blog_posts_visible_on_HappyCow\"><\/span>We now have more than 100 blog posts visible on HappyCow.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-11\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_would_like_more_information_about_our_projects_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>If anyone would like more information about our projects, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">com<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me \u00a0through<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0HappyCow<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong><a title=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CA_people_without_a_history_is_like_a_tree_without_roots%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><em>\u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d<\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><em>April \/ May 2007 \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.satyamag.com\/apr07\/goudreau.html\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"April\/May 2007 Know Your History The Satya Interview with Diane Beers By Colleen Patrick-Goudreau\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Satya<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Q)<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.joyfulvegan.com\/\" title=\"Colleen Patrick-Goudreau\u2019s compassionate living philosophy is propelling plant-based eating into the mainstream and forever changing how we regard animals.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau<\/a> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2013 You use the phrase \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d to refer to the fact that contemporary animal activists\u2014and society as a whole\u2014know nothing of the legacy of animal activism in the U.S. What are some of the effects of having \u201chistorical amnesia\u201d? Why is it so important to know our legacy?<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">A)\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/idratherbewithmydog.net\/professor-with-a-big-heart\/\" title=\"Diane Beers, teacher and writer and lifelong animal lover. I was the kid who brought home the strays \u2013thanks to mom for always letting me do so\u2013volunteered at shelters, and now teach about the history of animal rights. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Diane Beers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2013\u00a0Animal advocacy has an amazing history, yet it is essentially an untold story. African American activists will often say, \u201cA people without a history is like a tree without roots.\u201d Indeed, if activists don\u2019t know the history of their cause, they can have no sense of their movement\u2019s struggles, long-term strategies, achievements and heroes. In addition, they can\u2019t promote their long impressive movement to the public, and their opponents\u2014the meat industry, medical research industry and the government\u2014will fill the void. They have been the ones most aggressively and successfully constructing negative images and outright myths of animal advocacy that the public often believes.<\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today: &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;we would like to jump back to 1914, to one of the first successful animal cruelty prosecutions. The court case was brought by the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League (PADL). We are happy to discover\u00a0that undercover activism for the benefit of animals goes back more than 100 years! &#8216;Andrew&#8217;, a dealer friend in the UK, recently discovered this original postcard of &#8216;Choclat&#8217; and sold it to us. Our library\u00a0team knew of the legal case because, in one of his published letters (copied below), Ernest Bell had described\u00a0the case as &#8211; &#8216;&#8230;&#8230;the first of its kind&#8230;&#8230;&#8217; Until seeing the postcard, we didn&#8217;t know that there had been such a happy ending to the story.\u00a0The National Canine Defence League (NCDL) had rehomed the tiny dog &amp; people\u00a0had started to call him &#8216;Choclat&#8217;. Andrew also sent high resolution scans of the postcard to us &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;to ease our impatience as we waited to receive it from our post office delivery friends! \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 Introducing the &#8216;Players&#8217;: &#8211; &#8216;Choclat&#8217; &#8211; a dog forced to perform. He was &#8216;freed&#8217; from his abusers in 1914 by the efforts\u00a0of our illustrious AR predecessors. Mrs Albert Bradshaw &#8211; AKA &#8211; &#8216;Anne M. Tree&#8217; &#8211; an almost [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":14806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7,2274,2275],"tags":[2465,2469,2471,2470,2472,1092,1152,1107,1170,2467,2468,2464,1366,2463,2466],"class_list":["post-14805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-rights","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-anne-m-tree","tag-arthur-case","tag-c-r-johns","tag-c-rowland-johns","tag-dogs-trust","tag-ernest-bell","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-henry-s-salt","tag-jessey-wade","tag-john-galsworthy","tag-les-marcellis","tag-mrs-albert-bradshaw","tag-national-canine-defence-league","tag-performing-and-captive-animals-defence-league","tag-the-welfare-of-performing-animals-a-historical-perspective"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Undercover Activism 100+ Years Ago! - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Undercover Activism - one of the first successful animal cruelty prosecutions brought by the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League (PADL).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vegans, AR groups &amp; AR activists cooperating closely! A tale of undercover animal rights activism from 100+ years ago - with a happy ending!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Undercover Activism - one of the first successful animal cruelty prosecutions brought by the Performing and Captive Animals Defence League (PADL).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/undercover-activism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-23T17:15:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-11-24T12:39:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ChoclatF580.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"373\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Vegans, AR groups &amp; AR activists cooperating closely! 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