{"id":14716,"date":"2015-11-11T11:06:54","date_gmt":"2015-11-11T19:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=14716"},"modified":"2015-11-11T11:06:54","modified_gmt":"2015-11-11T19:06:54","slug":"do-animals-suffer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/","title":{"rendered":"Do Animals Suffer?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-F.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14717 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-F.jpg\" alt=\"Do Animals F\" width=\"580\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-F.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-F-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Do_Animals_Suffer_%E2%80%93_a_powerful_gruesome_image_of_118_years_ago\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Do Animals Suffer? &#8211; a powerful gruesome image of ~ 118 years ago.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_drawing_illustration_on_the_postcard_is_by_William_Small_%E2%80%93_artist_for_%E2%80%98The_Daily_Graphic_%E2%80%93_the_date_looks_like_1897\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >The\u00a0drawing \/ illustration on the postcard is by William Small &#8211; artist for &#8216;The Daily Graphic&#8217; &#8211; the date looks like 1897.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_original_postcard_is_in_the_collection_of_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_Scroll_down_this_page_for_a_larger_166_MB_version\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >The original postcard is in the collection of the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0Scroll down this page for a larger 1.66 MB version.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%98Death_Row_Ships\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >&#8216;Death Row&#8217; Ships<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Live_animals_were_being_shipped_for_slaughter_in_other_countries_There_were_campaigns_against_these_%E2%80%98cattle_ships_in_the_1890s_%E2%80%93_we_have_original_copies_of_related_booklets_pamphlets_from_The_Humanitarian_League\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >Live animals were being shipped for slaughter in other countries.\u00a0There were campaigns against these &#8216;cattle ships&#8217; in the 1890s &#8211; we have original copies of related booklets &amp; pamphlets from The Humanitarian League.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_19thC_early_20thC_vegetarians_vegans_cooperated_with_some_very_fine_artists_to_communicate_their_messages_Reproduced_as_a_postcard_by_%E2%80%98The_Vegetarian_Society%E2%80%98_in_Manchester_UK_Posted_from_Manchester_England_circa_1905_the_date_is_unclear\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >The 19thC &amp; early 20thC vegetarians &amp; vegans cooperated with some very fine artists to communicate their messages!\u00a0Reproduced as a postcard by &#8216;The Vegetarian Society&#8216; in Manchester, UK.\u00a0Posted from Manchester, England circa 1905, the date is unclear.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_early_1870s_%E2%80%93_up_until_WW1_%E2%80%93_was_a_dynamic_period_for_vegetarianism_animal_rights_activism\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >The early 1870s &#8211; up until WW1 &#8211; was a dynamic period for vegetarianism &amp; animal rights activism.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#There_were_100_vegetarians_%E2%80%98vegans_living_in_around_London_UK_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >There were 100% vegetarians \/ &#8216;vegans&#8217; living in &amp; around London, UK &#8211; more here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Francis_W_Newman_had_attempted_to_introduce_%E2%80%98veganism_in_The_Vegetarian_Society_UK_in_1871_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >Francis W. Newman had attempted to introduce &#8216;veganism&#8217; in The Vegetarian Society UK in 1871 &#8211; more\u00a0here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Ernest_Bell_was_%E2%80%98veganising_his_recipe_books_%E2%80%93_advising_about_removing_eggs_dairy_from_recipes_Henry_S_Salt_was_writing_about_%E2%80%98veganism_100_vegetarianism_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >Ernest Bell was &#8216;veganising&#8217; his recipe books &#8211; advising about removing eggs &amp; dairy from recipes.\u00a0Henry S. Salt was writing about &#8216;veganism&#8217; \/ 100% vegetarianism &#8211; more here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_original_Humanitarian_League_was_founded_in_1891_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >The original Humanitarian League was founded in 1891 &#8211; more here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Henry_S_Salt_had_written_the_book_%E2%80%98Animals_Rights_Ernest_Bell_had_published_it_in_1892_%E2%80%93_more_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >Henry S. Salt had written the book &#8216;Animals&#8217; Rights&#8217; &amp; Ernest Bell had published it in 1892 &#8211; more here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Today_in_2015_there_are_still_similar_terrible_ships_sailing_miserably_from_country_to_country\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >Today, in 2015, there are still similar terrible ships,\u00a0sailing miserably from country to country.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Artist_%E2%80%93_William_Small\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >The Artist &#8211; William Small<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#William_Small_1843-1929_was_a_Scot_Born_in_Edinburgh_on_27_May_1843_he_later_worked_in_that_city_as_a_hack-artist_designing_illustrations_of_bedsteads_and_gas_brackets_He_trained_at_the_Royal_Scottish_Academy_and_moved_to_London_in_1865_where_he_quickly_established_himself_as_a_versatile_painter_and_illustrator_In_his_paintings_he_was_mainly_concerned_with_rustic_themes_and_some_of_his_later_work_embodies_a_journalistic_representation_of_the_sufferings_of_the_poor_Painted_in_the_social_realist_style_of_Herkomer_and_Bastien-Lepage_these_paintings_are_still_collected_However_he_has_always_been_principally_known_as_an_illustrator_whose_work_bore_comparison_with_the_best_of_his_contemporaries_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >William Small (1843-1929)\u00a0was a Scot. Born in Edinburgh, on 27 May 1843, he later worked in that city as a hack-artist designing illustrations of bedsteads and gas brackets. He trained at the Royal Scottish Academy and moved to London in 1865, where he quickly established himself as a versatile painter and illustrator. In his paintings he was mainly concerned with rustic themes, and some of his later work embodies a journalistic representation of the sufferings of the poor. Painted in the social realist style of Herkomer and Bastien-Lepage, these paintings are still collected. However, he has always been principally known as an illustrator whose work bore comparison with the best of his contemporaries. &#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Graphic_The_Daily_Graphic\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >The Graphic \/ The Daily Graphic<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Graphic_was_founded_in_December_1869_by_William_Luson_Thomas_a_wood-engraver_who_believed_that_illustrations_had_the_power_to_influence_public_opinion_on_political_issues_He_later_recalled_%E2%80%9CThe_originality_of_the_scheme_consisted_in_establishing_a_weekly_illustrated_journal_open_to_all_artists_whatever_their_method_instead_of_confining_my_staff_to_draughtsmen_on_wood_as_had_been_hitherto_the_general_custom%E2%80%A6_it_was_a_bold_idea_to_attempt_a_new_journal_at_the_price_of_sixpence_a_copy_in_the_face_of_the_most_successful_and_firmly_established_paper_in_the_world_costing_then_only_fivepence%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >The Graphic was founded in December, 1869 by William Luson Thomas, a wood-engraver who believed that illustrations had the power to influence public opinion on political issues. He later recalled: &#8220;The originality of the scheme consisted in establishing a weekly illustrated journal open to all artists, whatever their method, instead of confining my staff to draughtsmen on wood as had been hitherto the general custom\u2026 it was a bold idea to attempt a new journal at the price of sixpence a copy in the face of the most successful and firmly established paper in the world, costing then only fivepence.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Thomas_recruited_a_team_of_gifted_artists_including_Luke_Fildes_Hubert_von_Herkomer_Frederick_Walker_Frank_Holl_Arthur_Boyd_Houghton_John_Millais_Frederic_Leighton_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_and_William_Small_When_it_was_first_started_the_journal_was_produced_in_a_rented_house_However_by_1882_the_company_owned_three_buildings_twenty_printing_machines_and_employed_over_1000_people_The_Christmas_edition_printed_in_colour_and_costing_a_shilling_was_particularly_popular_selling_over_500000_copies_in_Britain_and_the_USA_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >Thomas recruited a team of gifted artists including Luke Fildes, Hubert von Herkomer, Frederick Walker, Frank Holl, Arthur Boyd Houghton, John Millais, Frederic Leighton, Lawrence Alma-Tadema and William Small. When it was first started, the journal was produced in a rented house. However, by 1882 the company owned three buildings, twenty printing machines and employed over 1,000 people. The Christmas edition, printed in colour and costing a shilling, was particularly popular, selling over 500,000 copies in Britain and the USA. &#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Reverse_of_the_postcard_is_also_very_interesting\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >The Reverse of the postcard is also very interesting<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Publisher\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >Publisher<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_VegSocUK_%E2%80%93_see_their_archives_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >The VegSocUK &#8211; see their archives &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_postcards_originally_cost_1_12d_for_6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >The postcards originally cost\u00a01 &amp; 1\/2d \u00a0for 6!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Just_14_of_an_old_penny_each\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >Just 1\/4 of an old penny each.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#You_could_buy_960_cards_for_100_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6or_635_cards_for_US_100\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >You could buy 960 cards for\u00a0\u00a3 1.00 &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;.or 635 cards for US$ 1.00.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Postcards_were_the_emails_of_that_period\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >Postcards were the &#8217;emails&#8217; of that period.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Postcards_were_also_amazingly_effective_propaganda_tools\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >Postcards were also amazingly effective propaganda tools.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Just_imagine_%E2%80%93_this_one_has_survived_for_100_years_we_are_still_inspired_by_it\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >Just imagine &#8211; this one has survived for ~100 years &amp; we are still inspired by it!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_date\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >The date?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Illegible_on_the_postmark\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >Illegible on the postmark.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Edward_VII_12d_Yellow_Green_postage_stamp_was_issued_on_26th_November_1904_was_sold_until_his_death_in_1910\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >The Edward VII 1\/2d Yellow Green postage stamp was issued on 26th November 1904 &amp; was sold until his death in 1910.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Who_was_the_sender\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >Who was the sender?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_recognise_the_handwriting_of_Albert_Broadbent_%E2%80%93_he_has_initialled_the_message_with_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%98A_B\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >We recognise the handwriting of Albert Broadbent &#8211; he has initialled the message with &#8211; &#8216;A B&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#_Albert_Broadbent_became_the_Secretary_of_the_Vegetarian_Society_Manchester_in_1895_He_had_already_been_actively_involved_for_at_least_two_years_with_the_Vegetarian_Federal_Union_which_was_attempting_to_bring_all_vegetarian_societies_together_He_is_recorded_as_having_attended_all_VFU_meetings_from_1893_in_several_parts_of_the_UK_and_was_present_in_Liverpool_to_see_off_the_delegates_to_the_International_Vegetarian_Congress_in_Chicago_in_July_1893_and_there_again_to_welcome_them_home_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >~ Albert Broadbent became the Secretary of the Vegetarian Society (Manchester) in 1895. He had already been actively involved, for at least two years, with the Vegetarian Federal Union which was attempting to bring all vegetarian societies together. He is recorded as having attended all VFU meetings from 1893, in several parts of the UK, and was present in Liverpool to see off the delegates to the International Vegetarian Congress in Chicago, in July 1893, and there again to welcome them home. ~ &#8211; more.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_like_Albert\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >We like Albert!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Albert_organising_Vegetarian_Summer_School_Holidays_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >Albert organising Vegetarian Summer School Holidays &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Albert_discussing_salads_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >Albert discussing salads &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Albert_erecting_running_%E2%80%98pre-fab_vegetarian_restaurants_at_exhibitions_%E2%80%93_discussed_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >Albert erecting &amp; running &#8216;pre-fab&#8217; vegetarian restaurants at exhibitions &#8211; discussed here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Albert_working_with_different_vegetarian_organisations_%E2%80%93_touched_on_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >Albert working with different vegetarian organisations &#8211; touched on here.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Who_was_the_recipient\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >Who was the recipient?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_are_not_sure_whether_this_%E2%80%98Miss_Sexton_was_the_sister_or_the_daughter_of_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >We are not sure whether this &#8216;Miss Sexton&#8217; was the sister, or the daughter of: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Alexander_Humboldt_Sexton_FIC_FCS_FRSE_Professor_of_Metallurgy_in_the_Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Technical_College_Past_President_West_of_Scotland_Iron_and_Steel_Institute\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >Alexander Humboldt Sexton F.I.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.E. Professor of Metallurgy in the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College; Past President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#From_the_%E2%80%93_Herald_of_the_Golden_Age_%E2%80%93_issue_for_July_1902_%E2%80%93_too_faded_to_scan_succesfully_%E2%80%93_see_page_80_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >From\u00a0the &#8211; Herald of the Golden Age &#8211; issue for July 1902 &#8211; too faded to scan succesfully &#8211; see page 80 &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Transcribed_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >Transcribed &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Food_Reform_in_Paisley_Food_Reform_was_the_subject_of_a_public_Meeting_held_under_the_auspices_of_the_Scottish_Society_in_the_Town_Hall_Paisley_on_Thursday_June_12th_Provost_Wilson_occupied_the_chair_and_he_was_supported_on_the_platform_by_Provost_Clarke_Bailie_MacGalium_Mrs_Laurie_Glasgow_Miss_Sexton_Glasgow_Prof_A_Humboldt_Sexton_Glasgow_Mr_Albert_Broadbent_Manchester_Mr_James_Meldrum_Millitsen_Park_and_the_Rev_Charles_A_Hall_Paisley_Provost_Wilson_said_he_was_not_a_vegetarian_but_he_had_great_sympathy_with_the_movement_for_reforming_the_dietary_of_the_people_and_was_pleased_to_preside_at_a_meeting_held_in_advocacy_of_a_purer_diet_He_said_much_was_heard_about_the_evils_of_over-drinking_but_he_thought_too_little_was_under-stood_about_the_evils_of_over-eating_The_matter_of_proper_diet_did_not_get_the_care_and_consideration_that_ought_to_be_given_to_it_Prof_A_Humboldt_Sexton_spoke_of_the_unnecessary_habit_of_flesh-eating_There_were_whole_nations_living_without_flesh-meat_Dr_Haig_had_demonstrated_that_a_great_many_physical_evils_were_due_to_flesh-eating_and_moreover_that_men_could_not_only_live_but_live_healthier_and_better_lives_without_fish_flesh_or_fowl_If_people_would_consent_to_live_on_the_rational_diet_life_would_be_prolonged_and_health_and_strength_improved_in_every_way\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >Food Reform in Paisley Food Reform was the subject of a public Meeting held under the auspices of the Scottish Society in the Town Hall, Paisley, on Thursday, June 12th. Provost Wilson occupied the chair, and he was supported on the platform by Provost Clarke, Bailie, MacGalium, Mrs. Laurie (Glasgow), Miss Sexton (Glasgow), Prof. A. Humboldt Sexton (Glasgow), Mr. Albert Broadbent (Manchester), Mr. James Meldrum (Millitsen Park), and the Rev. Charles A. Hall (Paisley). Provost Wilson said he was not a vegetarian but he had great sympathy with the movement for reforming the dietary of the people, and was pleased to preside at a meeting held in advocacy of a purer diet. He said much was heard about the evils of over-drinking, but, he thought, too little was under-stood about the evils of over-eating. The matter of proper diet did not get the care and consideration that ought to be given to it. Prof. A. Humboldt Sexton spoke of the unnecessary habit of flesh-eating. There were whole nations living without flesh-meat. Dr. Haig had demonstrated that a great many physical evils were due to flesh-eating, and, moreover, that men could not only live, but live healthier and better lives, without fish, flesh, or fowl. If people would consent to live on the rational diet, life would be prolonged and health and strength improved in every way.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Dr_Alexander_Haig_FECP_the_leading_physician_of_one_of_the_great_London_hospitals_has_written\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >Dr. Alexander Haig, F.E.C.P., the leading physician of one of the great London hospitals, has written :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%9CThat_it_is_easily_possible_to_sustain_life_on_the_products_of_the_vegetable_kingdom_needs_no_demonstration_for_physiologists_even_if_the_majority_of_the_human_race_were_not_constantly_engaged_in_demonstrating_it_and_my_researches_show_not_only_that_it_is_possible_but_that_it_is_infinitely_preferable_in_every_way_and_produces_superior_powers_both_of_mind_and_body%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_quoted_in_%E2%80%93_Vegetarianism_and_its_occult_meanings_%E2%80%93_by_%E2%80%93_C_W_Leadbeater_%E2%80%93_1913\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >&#8220;That it is easily possible to sustain life on the products of the vegetable kingdom needs no demonstration for physiologists, even if the majority of the human race were not constantly engaged in demonstrating it; and my researches show, not only that it is possible, but that it is infinitely preferable in every way, and produces superior powers, both of mind and body.&#8221; &#8211; quoted in &#8211;\u00a0Vegetarianism and its occult meanings. &#8211; by &#8211; C. W. Leadbeater &#8211; 1913<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#More_from_the_same_book_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >More from the same book &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#On_the_same_subject_Dr_Alexander_Haig_whom_we_have_already_quoted_writes_%E2%80%9CThe_effect_of_getting_free_from_uric_acid_has_been_to_make_my_bodily_powers_quite_as_great_as_they_were_fifteen_years_ago_I_scarcely_believe_that_even_fifteen_years_ago_I_could_have_undertaken_the_exercise_in_which_I_now_indulge_with_absolute_impunity_%E2%80%93_with_freedom_from_fatigue_and_distress_at_the_time_and_from_stiffness_next_day_Indeed_I_often_say_that_it_is_impossible_now_to_tire_me_and_relatively_I_believe_this_is_true%E2%80%9D_This_distinguished_physician_became_a_vegetarian_because_from_his_study_of_the_diseases_caused_by_the_presence_of_uric_acid_in_the_system_he_discovered_that_flesh-eating_was_the_chief_source_of_this_deadly_poison_Another_interesting_point_which_he_mentions_is_that_his_change_of_diet_brought_about_in_him_a_distinct_change_of_disposition_%E2%80%93_that_whereas_before_he_found_himself_constantly_nervous_and_irritable_he_now_became_much_steadier_and_calmer_and_less_angry_he_fully_realises_that_this_is_due_to_the_change_in_his_food\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >On the same subject Dr. Alexander Haig, whom we have already quoted, writes: \u201cThe effect of getting free from uric acid has been to make my bodily powers quite as great as they were fifteen years ago; I scarcely believe that even fifteen years ago I could have undertaken the exercise in which I now indulge with absolute impunity \u2013 with freedom from fatigue and distress at the time and from stiffness next day. Indeed I often say that it is impossible now to tire me, and relatively I believe this is true.\u201d This distinguished physician became a vegetarian because, from his study of the diseases caused by the presence of uric acid in the system, he discovered that flesh-eating was the chief source of this deadly poison. Another interesting point which he mentions is that his change of diet brought about in him a distinct change of disposition \u2013 that whereas before he found himself constantly nervous and irritable, he now became much steadier and calmer and less angry; he fully realises that this is due to the change in his food.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Dr_Alexander_Haigs_famous_book_on_%E2%80%98Uric_Acid_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >Dr. Alexander Haig&#8217;s famous book on &#8216;Uric Acid&#8217; &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#A_Humboldt_Sexton_%E2%80%93_more\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >A. Humboldt Sexton &#8211; more.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#WORKS_by_Prof_HUMBOLDT_SEXTON_FIC_FCS_FRSE_Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Technical_College\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >WORKS by Prof. HUMBOLDT SEXTON, F.I.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.E., Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#OUTLINES_OF_QUANTITATIVE_ANALYSIS_With_Illustrations_THIRD_EDITION_Crownn_8vo_Cloth_3_s_%E2%80%9CA_practical_work_by_a_practical_man_will_further_the_attainment_of_accuracy_and_method%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Journal_of_Education_%E2%80%9D_An_admirable_little_volume_well_fulfils_its_purpose%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Schoolmaster_%E2%80%9CA_compact_laboratory_guide_for_beginners_was_wanted_and_the_want_has_been_well_supplied_A_good_and_usef_ul_book_%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Lancet\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >OUTLINES OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. With Illustrations. THIRD EDITION. Crownn 8vo, Cloth, 3 s. &#8220;A practical work by a practical man . . . will further the attainment of accuracy and method.&#8221; \u2014 Journal of Education. &#8221; An admirable little volume . . . well fulfils its purpose.&#8221; \u2014 Schoolmaster. &#8220;A compact laboratory guide for beginners was wanted, and the want has been well supplied. . . . A good and usef ul book. &#8221; \u2014 Lancet.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#By_the_same_Author_OUTLINES_OF_QUALITATIVE_ANALYSIS_With_Illustrations_THIRD_EDITION_Crown_Svo_Cloth_3s_6d_%E2%80%9D_The_work_of_a_thoroughly_practical_chemist_and_one_which_may_be_unhesitatingly_recommended%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_British_Medical_Journal_%E2%80%9CCompiled_with_great_care_and_will_supply_a_want%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Journal_of_Education\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >By the same Author. OUTLINES OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. With Illustrations. THIRD EDITION. Crown Svo, Cloth, 3s. 6d. &#8221; The work of a thoroughly practical chemist . . . and one which may be unhesitatingly recommended.&#8221; \u2014 British Medical Journal. &#8220;Compiled with great care, and will supply a want.&#8221; \u2014 Journal of Education.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_postcard_as_a_larger_file_%E2%80%93_click_to_open\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >The postcard as a larger file &#8211; click to open<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Our_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >Our Projects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Henry_Salt_Archive_is_one_of_our_almost_completed_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >The Henry Salt Archive is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Humanitarian_League_is_our_Hong_Kong_registered_charity\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >The Humanitarian League is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_was_conceived_in_1934_It_is_still_strong_very_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\"  >the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\"  >We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\"  >It is long past time for the library to go online!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\"  >If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\"  >&#8211; or message me \u00a0through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/ \n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#If_you_are_a_Tweeter_please_consider_sending_this_post_out_to_your_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\"  >If you are a Tweeter, please consider sending this post out to your friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#Thank_you\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\"  >Thank you!\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-10\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Animals_Suffer_%E2%80%93_a_powerful_gruesome_image_of_118_years_ago\"><\/span>Do Animals Suffer? &#8211; a powerful gruesome image of ~ 118 years ago.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_drawing_illustration_on_the_postcard_is_by_William_Small_%E2%80%93_artist_for_%E2%80%98The_Daily_Graphic_%E2%80%93_the_date_looks_like_1897\"><\/span>The\u00a0drawing \/ illustration on the postcard is by William Small &#8211; artist for &#8216;The Daily Graphic&#8217; &#8211; the date looks like 1897.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>The original postcard is in the collection of the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0Scroll down this page for a larger 1.66 MB version.<\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Death_Row_Ships\"><\/span>&#8216;Death Row&#8217; Ships<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4>Live animals were being shipped for slaughter in other countries.\u00a0There were campaigns against these &#8216;cattle ships&#8217; in the 1890s &#8211; we have original copies of related booklets &amp; pamphlets from <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/humanitarian-league\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The 19thC &amp; early 20thC vegetarians &amp; vegans cooperated with some very fine artists to communicate their messages!\u00a0Reproduced as a postcard by &#8216;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/history\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Vegetarian Society<\/a><\/span>&#8216; in Manchester, UK.\u00a0Posted from Manchester, England circa 1905, the date is unclear.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_early_1870s_%E2%80%93_up_until_WW1_%E2%80%93_was_a_dynamic_period_for_vegetarianism_animal_rights_activism\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The early 1870s &#8211; up until WW1 &#8211; was a dynamic period for vegetarianism &amp; animal rights activism. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There were 100% vegetarians \/ &#8216;vegans&#8217; living in &amp; around London, UK &#8211; more<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/london-vegans-meeting-in-1856-elizabeth-and-william-horsell-plus-many-of-their-friends\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Francis W. Newman had attempted to introduce &#8216;veganism&#8217; in The Vegetarian Society UK in 1871 &#8211; more<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-a-life-containing-no-logical-contradictions\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ernest Bell was &#8216;veganising&#8217; his recipe books &#8211; advising about removing eggs &amp; dairy from recipes.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Henry S. Salt was writing about &#8216;veganism&#8217; \/ 100% vegetarianism &#8211; more<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The original Humanitarian League was founded in 1891 &#8211; more<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/humanitarian-league\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Henry S. Salt had written the book &#8216;Animals&#8217; Rights&#8217; &amp; Ernest Bell had published it in 1892 &#8211; more<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/animals_rights_salt_1892\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_14736\" style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Sheep_Ship_2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14736\" class=\"wp-image-14736 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Sheep_Ship_2.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep_Ship_2\" width=\"580\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Sheep_Ship_2.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Sheep_Ship_2-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ship carrying sheep from Australia docked in Oman. Date 3 October 2005. Tom Jervis from UK. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Livestock_carrier<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Today_in_2015_there_are_still_similar_terrible_ships_sailing_miserably_from_country_to_country\"><\/span>Today, in 2015, there are still similar terrible ships,\u00a0sailing miserably from country to country.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Artist_%E2%80%93_William_Small\"><\/span>The Artist &#8211; William Small<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">William Small (1843-1929)\u00a0was a Scot. Born in Edinburgh, on 27 May 1843, he later worked in that city as a hack-artist designing illustrations of bedsteads and gas brackets. He trained at the Royal Scottish Academy and moved to London in 1865, where he quickly established himself as a versatile painter and illustrator. In his paintings he was mainly concerned with rustic themes, and some of his later work embodies a journalistic representation of the sufferings of the poor. Painted in the social realist style of Herkomer and Bastien-Lepage, these paintings are still collected. However, he has always been principally known as an illustrator whose work bore comparison with the best of his contemporaries. &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.victorianweb.org\/victorian\/art\/illustration\/small\/index.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_14721\" style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14721\" class=\"wp-image-14721 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan.jpg\" alt=\"Samaritan\" width=\"580\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14721\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Good Samaritan by William Small Leicester Arts and Museums Service Date painted: 1899 Oil on canvas, 155.5 x 230 cm Collection: Leicester Arts and Museums Service (c) Leicester Arts and Museums Service; Supplied by The Public Catalogue Foundation http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/arts\/yourpaintings\/paintings\/the-good-samaritan-80989<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_14722\" style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14722\" class=\"wp-image-14722 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan2.jpg\" alt=\"Samaritan2\" width=\"580\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan2.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Samaritan2-300x204.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14722\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An etching of &#8211; The Good Samaritan by William Small &#8211; date unknown.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_14723\" style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Lilies.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14723\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14723\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Lilies.jpg\" alt=\"Lilies Artist: William Small (1843-1929) Engraver: The Dalziels 1866 Frontispiece, 1866 Good Words Illustration of the following lines from &quot;Lilies&quot; by H. R. Haweis quoted below. Wood engraving 6 1\/2 x 4 1\/2 inches Image scan and text by Simon Cooke. http:\/\/www.victorianweb.org\/art\/illustration\/small\/2.html\" width=\"580\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Lilies.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Lilies-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14723\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lilies<br \/>Artist: William Small (1843-1929)<br \/>Engraver: The Dalziels<br \/>1866<br \/>Frontispiece, 1866 Good Words<br \/>Illustration of the following lines from &#8220;Lilies&#8221; by H. R. Haweis quoted below.<br \/>Wood engraving<br \/>6 1\/2 x 4 1\/2 inches<br \/>Image scan and text by Simon Cooke.<br \/>http:\/\/www.victorianweb.org\/art\/illustration\/small\/2.html<\/p><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Graphic_The_Daily_Graphic\"><\/span>The Graphic \/ The Daily Graphic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Graphic.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14724 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Graphic.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic\" width=\"580\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Graphic.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Graphic-300x106.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nThe Graphic was founded in December, 1869 by William Luson Thomas, a wood-engraver who believed that illustrations had the power to influence public opinion on political issues. He later recalled: &#8220;The originality of the scheme consisted in establishing a weekly illustrated journal open to all artists, whatever their method, instead of confining my staff to draughtsmen on wood as had been hitherto the general custom\u2026 it was a bold idea to attempt a new journal at the price of sixpence a copy in the face of the most successful and firmly established paper in the world, costing then only fivepence.&#8221;<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">Thomas recruited a team of gifted artists including Luke Fildes, Hubert von Herkomer, Frederick Walker, Frank Holl, Arthur Boyd Houghton, John Millais, Frederic Leighton, Lawrence Alma-Tadema and William Small. When it was first started, the journal was produced in a rented house. However, by 1882 the company owned three buildings, twenty printing machines and employed over 1,000 people. The Christmas edition, printed in colour and costing a shilling, was particularly popular, selling over 500,000 copies in Britain and the USA. &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/Jgraphic.htm\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Reverse_of_the_postcard_is_also_very_interesting\"><\/span>The Reverse of the postcard is also very interesting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-R.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14719 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-R.jpg\" alt=\"Do Animals R\" width=\"580\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-R.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-R-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Publisher\"><\/span>Publisher<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/VegSoc.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14738 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/VegSoc.jpg\" alt=\"VegSoc\" width=\"580\" height=\"59\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/VegSoc.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/VegSoc-300x31.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_14739\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14739\" class=\"wp-image-14739 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef.jpg\" alt=\"1905-farthing-ef\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-115x115.jpg 115w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-120x120.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One Farthing &#8211; United Kingdom. Value 1\u2044960 pound sterling.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_14740\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14740\" class=\"wp-image-14740 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1.jpg\" alt=\"1905-farthing-ef (1)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1-90x90.jpg 90w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1-115x115.jpg 115w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/1905-farthing-ef-1-120x120.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14740\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1905 Farthing. Edge Plain. Composition Bronze. Mass 2.83 g. Diameter 20.19 mm.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\">The VegSocUK &#8211; see their archives &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/sslpage.aspx?pid=852\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_postcards_originally_cost_1_12d_for_6\"><\/span>The postcards originally cost\u00a01 &amp; 1\/2d \u00a0for 6!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Just_14_of_an_old_penny_each\"><\/span>Just 1\/4 of an old penny each.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"You_could_buy_960_cards_for_100_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6or_635_cards_for_US_100\"><\/span>You could buy 960 cards for\u00a0\u00a3 1.00 &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;.or 635 cards for US$ 1.00.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Postcards_were_the_emails_of_that_period\"><\/span>Postcards were the &#8217;emails&#8217; of that period.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Postcards_were_also_amazingly_effective_propaganda_tools\"><\/span>Postcards were also amazingly effective propaganda tools.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Just_imagine_%E2%80%93_this_one_has_survived_for_100_years_we_are_still_inspired_by_it\"><\/span>Just imagine &#8211; this one has survived for ~100 years &amp; we are still inspired by it!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_date\"><\/span>The date?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Illegible_on_the_postmark\"><\/span>Illegible on the postmark.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Edward_VII_12d_Yellow_Green_postage_stamp_was_issued_on_26th_November_1904_was_sold_until_his_death_in_1910\"><\/span>The Edward VII 1\/2d Yellow Green postage stamp was issued on 26th November 1904 &amp; was sold until his death in 1910.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_was_the_sender\"><\/span>Who was the sender?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_recognise_the_handwriting_of_Albert_Broadbent_%E2%80%93_he_has_initialled_the_message_with_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%98A_B\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We recognise the handwriting of Albert Broadbent &#8211; he has initialled the message with &#8211; &#8216;A B&#8217;.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14728 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB.jpg\" alt=\"AB\" width=\"88\" height=\"50\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">~ Albert Broadbent became the Secretary of the Vegetarian Society (Manchester) in 1895. He had already been actively involved, for at least two years, with the Vegetarian Federal Union which was attempting to bring all vegetarian societies together. He is recorded as having attended all VFU meetings from 1893, in several parts of the UK, and was present in Liverpool to see off the delegates to the International Vegetarian Congress in Chicago, in July 1893, and there again to welcome them home. ~<\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/members\/council\/albert-broadbent.html\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_like_Albert\"><\/span>We like Albert!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Albert organising Vegetarian Summer School Holidays &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegetarian-summer-school\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>Albert discussing salads &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/life-without-salads-giving-up-flesh\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>Albert erecting &amp; running &#8216;pre-fab&#8217; vegetarian restaurants at exhibitions &#8211; discussed <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/uk-vegetarian-restaurant-chain-almost-120-years-ago\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>Albert working with different vegetarian organisations &#8211; touched on <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/art-for-the-benefit-of-animals\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_was_the_recipient\"><\/span>Who was the recipient?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-address.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14731 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-address.jpg\" alt=\"AB address\" width=\"580\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-address.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-address-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-note.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14730 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-note.jpg\" alt=\"AB note\" width=\"580\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-note.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/AB-note-300x231.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_not_sure_whether_this_%E2%80%98Miss_Sexton_was_the_sister_or_the_daughter_of_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are not sure whether this &#8216;Miss Sexton&#8217; was the sister, or the daughter of: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"3th8d-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3th8d\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alexander_Humboldt_Sexton_FIC_FCS_FRSE_Professor_of_Metallurgy_in_the_Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Technical_College_Past_President_West_of_Scotland_Iron_and_Steel_Institute\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"3th8d-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3th8d.0:$3th8d-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$3th8d.0:$3th8d-0-0.0\">Alexander Humboldt Sexton F.I.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.E. Professor of Metallurgy in the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College; Past President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute.<\/span><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"6v7fr-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$6v7fr.0:$6v7fr-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"1ecda-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1ecda\"><span data-offset-key=\"1ecda-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1ecda.0:$1ecda-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1ecda.0:$1ecda-0-0.0\">From\u00a0the &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Order_of_the_Golden_Age\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">H<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">erald of the Golden Age<\/span><\/a> &#8211; issue for July 1902 &#8211; too faded to scan succesfully &#8211; see page 80 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/heraldofgoldenjul1902exetuoft#page\/80\/mode\/2up\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"7ngpk-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ngpk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transcribed_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Transcribed &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"7ngpk-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ngpk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Food_Reform_in_Paisley_Food_Reform_was_the_subject_of_a_public_Meeting_held_under_the_auspices_of_the_Scottish_Society_in_the_Town_Hall_Paisley_on_Thursday_June_12th_Provost_Wilson_occupied_the_chair_and_he_was_supported_on_the_platform_by_Provost_Clarke_Bailie_MacGalium_Mrs_Laurie_Glasgow_Miss_Sexton_Glasgow_Prof_A_Humboldt_Sexton_Glasgow_Mr_Albert_Broadbent_Manchester_Mr_James_Meldrum_Millitsen_Park_and_the_Rev_Charles_A_Hall_Paisley_Provost_Wilson_said_he_was_not_a_vegetarian_but_he_had_great_sympathy_with_the_movement_for_reforming_the_dietary_of_the_people_and_was_pleased_to_preside_at_a_meeting_held_in_advocacy_of_a_purer_diet_He_said_much_was_heard_about_the_evils_of_over-drinking_but_he_thought_too_little_was_under-stood_about_the_evils_of_over-eating_The_matter_of_proper_diet_did_not_get_the_care_and_consideration_that_ought_to_be_given_to_it_Prof_A_Humboldt_Sexton_spoke_of_the_unnecessary_habit_of_flesh-eating_There_were_whole_nations_living_without_flesh-meat_Dr_Haig_had_demonstrated_that_a_great_many_physical_evils_were_due_to_flesh-eating_and_moreover_that_men_could_not_only_live_but_live_healthier_and_better_lives_without_fish_flesh_or_fowl_If_people_would_consent_to_live_on_the_rational_diet_life_would_be_prolonged_and_health_and_strength_improved_in_every_way\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\" data-offset-key=\"7ngpk-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ngpk.0:$7ngpk-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$7ngpk.0:$7ngpk-0-0.0\">Food Reform in Paisley Food Reform was the subject of a public Meeting held under the auspices of the Scottish Society in the Town Hall, Paisley, on Thursday, June 12th. Provost Wilson occupied the chair, and he was supported on the platform by Provost Clarke, Bailie, MacGalium, Mrs. Laurie (Glasgow), Miss Sexton (Glasgow), Prof. A. Humboldt Sexton (Glasgow), Mr. Albert Broadbent (Manchester), Mr. James Meldrum (Millitsen Park), and the Rev. Charles A. Hall (Paisley). Provost Wilson said he was not a vegetarian but he had great sympathy with the movement for reforming the dietary of the people, and was pleased to preside at a meeting held in advocacy of a purer diet. He said much was heard about the evils of over-drinking, but, he thought, too little was under-stood about the evils of over-eating. The matter of proper diet did not get the care and consideration that ought to be given to it. Prof. A. Humboldt Sexton spoke of the unnecessary habit of flesh-eating. There were whole nations living without flesh-meat. Dr. Haig had demonstrated that a great many physical evils were due to flesh-eating, and, moreover, that men could not only live, but live healthier and better lives, without fish, flesh, or fowl. If people would consent to live on the rational diet, life would be prolonged and health and strength improved in every way.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dr_Alexander_Haig_FECP_the_leading_physician_of_one_of_the_great_London_hospitals_has_written\"><\/span>Dr. Alexander Haig, F.E.C.P., the leading physician of one of the great London hospitals, has written :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CThat_it_is_easily_possible_to_sustain_life_on_the_products_of_the_vegetable_kingdom_needs_no_demonstration_for_physiologists_even_if_the_majority_of_the_human_race_were_not_constantly_engaged_in_demonstrating_it_and_my_researches_show_not_only_that_it_is_possible_but_that_it_is_infinitely_preferable_in_every_way_and_produces_superior_powers_both_of_mind_and_body%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_quoted_in_%E2%80%93_Vegetarianism_and_its_occult_meanings_%E2%80%93_by_%E2%80%93_C_W_Leadbeater_%E2%80%93_1913\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;That it is easily possible to sustain life on the products of the vegetable kingdom needs no demonstration for physiologists, even if the majority of the human race were not constantly engaged in demonstrating it; and my researches show, not only that it is possible, but that it is infinitely preferable in every way, and produces superior powers, both of mind and body.&#8221;<\/span> &#8211; quoted in &#8211;\u00a0Vegetarianism and its occult meanings. &#8211; by &#8211; C. W. Leadbeater &#8211; 1913<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_from_the_same_book_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>More from the same book &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_the_same_subject_Dr_Alexander_Haig_whom_we_have_already_quoted_writes_%E2%80%9CThe_effect_of_getting_free_from_uric_acid_has_been_to_make_my_bodily_powers_quite_as_great_as_they_were_fifteen_years_ago_I_scarcely_believe_that_even_fifteen_years_ago_I_could_have_undertaken_the_exercise_in_which_I_now_indulge_with_absolute_impunity_%E2%80%93_with_freedom_from_fatigue_and_distress_at_the_time_and_from_stiffness_next_day_Indeed_I_often_say_that_it_is_impossible_now_to_tire_me_and_relatively_I_believe_this_is_true%E2%80%9D_This_distinguished_physician_became_a_vegetarian_because_from_his_study_of_the_diseases_caused_by_the_presence_of_uric_acid_in_the_system_he_discovered_that_flesh-eating_was_the_chief_source_of_this_deadly_poison_Another_interesting_point_which_he_mentions_is_that_his_change_of_diet_brought_about_in_him_a_distinct_change_of_disposition_%E2%80%93_that_whereas_before_he_found_himself_constantly_nervous_and_irritable_he_now_became_much_steadier_and_calmer_and_less_angry_he_fully_realises_that_this_is_due_to_the_change_in_his_food\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On the same subject Dr. Alexander Haig, whom we have already quoted, writes:<\/span> \u201cThe effect of getting free from uric acid has been to make my bodily powers quite as great as they were fifteen years ago; I scarcely believe that even fifteen years ago I could have undertaken the exercise in which I now indulge with absolute impunity \u2013 with freedom from fatigue and distress at the time and from stiffness next day. Indeed I often say that it is impossible now to tire me, and relatively I believe this is true.\u201d <span style=\"color: #000000;\">This distinguished physician became a vegetarian because, from his study of the diseases caused by the presence of uric acid in the system, he discovered that flesh-eating was the chief source of this deadly poison. Another interesting point which he mentions is that his change of diet brought about in him a distinct change of disposition \u2013 that whereas before he found himself constantly nervous and irritable, he now became much steadier and calmer and less angry; he fully realises that this is due to the change in his food. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\">Dr. Alexander Haig&#8217;s famous book on &#8216;Uric Acid&#8217; &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/uricacidanepito01haiggoog\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"4svb9-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$4svb9\"><span data-offset-key=\"4svb9-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$4svb9.0:$4svb9-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$4svb9.0:$4svb9-0-0.0\">A. Humboldt Sexton &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/b20386205\/b20386205_djvu.txt\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">more<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"73l7m-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$73l7m\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WORKS_by_Prof_HUMBOLDT_SEXTON_FIC_FCS_FRSE_Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Technical_College\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"73l7m-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$73l7m.0:$73l7m-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$73l7m.0:$73l7m-0-0.0\">WORKS by Prof. HUMBOLDT SEXTON, F.I.C., F.C.S., F.R.S.E., Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"1fdhi-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1fdhi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OUTLINES_OF_QUANTITATIVE_ANALYSIS_With_Illustrations_THIRD_EDITION_Crownn_8vo_Cloth_3_s_%E2%80%9CA_practical_work_by_a_practical_man_will_further_the_attainment_of_accuracy_and_method%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Journal_of_Education_%E2%80%9D_An_admirable_little_volume_well_fulfils_its_purpose%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Schoolmaster_%E2%80%9CA_compact_laboratory_guide_for_beginners_was_wanted_and_the_want_has_been_well_supplied_A_good_and_usef_ul_book_%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Lancet\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"1fdhi-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1fdhi.0:$1fdhi-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$1fdhi.0:$1fdhi-0-0.0\">OUTLINES OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. With Illustrations. THIRD EDITION. Crownn 8vo, Cloth, 3 s. &#8220;A practical work by a practical man . . . will further the attainment of accuracy and method.&#8221; \u2014 Journal of Education. &#8221; An admirable little volume . . . well fulfils its purpose.&#8221; \u2014 Schoolmaster. &#8220;A compact laboratory guide for beginners was wanted, and the want has been well supplied. . . . A good and usef ul book. &#8221; \u2014 Lancet.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"_209g _2vxa\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\" data-block=\"true\" data-offset-key=\"53n30-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$53n30\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"By_the_same_Author_OUTLINES_OF_QUALITATIVE_ANALYSIS_With_Illustrations_THIRD_EDITION_Crown_Svo_Cloth_3s_6d_%E2%80%9D_The_work_of_a_thoroughly_practical_chemist_and_one_which_may_be_unhesitatingly_recommended%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_British_Medical_Journal_%E2%80%9CCompiled_with_great_care_and_will_supply_a_want%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_Journal_of_Education\"><\/span><span data-offset-key=\"53n30-0-0\" data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$53n30.0:$53n30-0-0\"><span data-reactid=\".4a.1.0.1.0.0.$editor0.0.0.$53n30.0:$53n30-0-0.0\">By the same Author. OUTLINES OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. With Illustrations. THIRD EDITION. Crown Svo, Cloth, 3s. 6d. &#8221; The work of a thoroughly practical chemist . . . and one which may be unhesitatingly recommended.&#8221; \u2014 British Medical Journal. &#8220;Compiled with great care, and will supply a want.&#8221; \u2014 Journal of Education.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-7\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_postcard_as_a_larger_file_%E2%80%93_click_to_open\"><\/span>The postcard as a larger file &#8211; click to open<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large.jpg\" alt=\"Do Animals large\" width=\"1643\" height=\"1042\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large.jpg 1643w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Do-Animals-large-1024x649.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1643px) 100vw, 1643px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-8\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_Projects\"><\/span>Our Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/info\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/span> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/em><\/span> is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; very active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\"><\/span>the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span>There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span>We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\"><\/span>It is long past time for the library to go online!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>nd so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Henry S. Salt \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\">writing<\/a><\/span> in September 1934<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">com<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me \u00a0through<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0HappyCow<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong><a title=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10408 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg\" alt=\"TweetThis\" width=\"577\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg 577w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis-300x69.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_you_are_a_Tweeter_please_consider_sending_this_post_out_to_your_friends\"><\/span><strong>If you are a Tweeter, please consider sending this post out to your friends.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thank_you\"><\/span><strong>Thank you!\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-10\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do Animals Suffer? &#8211; a powerful gruesome image of ~ 118 years ago. The\u00a0drawing \/ illustration on the postcard is by William Small &#8211; artist for &#8216;The Daily Graphic&#8217; &#8211; the date looks like 1897. The original postcard is in the collection of the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0Scroll down this page for a larger 1.66 MB version. &#8216;Death Row&#8217; Ships Live animals were being shipped for slaughter in other countries.\u00a0There were campaigns against these &#8216;cattle ships&#8217; in the 1890s &#8211; we have original copies of related booklets &amp; pamphlets from The Humanitarian League. The 19thC &amp; early 20thC vegetarians &amp; vegans cooperated with some very fine artists to communicate their messages!\u00a0Reproduced as a postcard by &#8216;The Vegetarian Society&#8216; in Manchester, UK.\u00a0Posted from Manchester, England circa 1905, the date is unclear. The early 1870s &#8211; up until WW1 &#8211; was a dynamic period for vegetarianism &amp; animal rights activism. There were 100% vegetarians \/ &#8216;vegans&#8217; living in &amp; around London, UK &#8211; more here. Francis W. Newman had attempted to introduce &#8216;veganism&#8217; in The Vegetarian Society UK in 1871 &#8211; more\u00a0here. Ernest Bell was &#8216;veganising&#8217; his recipe books &#8211; advising about removing eggs &amp; dairy from recipes.\u00a0Henry S. Salt was writing about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":14744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2274,2275],"tags":[2300,2450,2448,2452,1152,2451,2447,1714,2449,2446],"class_list":["post-14716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-albert-broadbent","tag-alexander-humboldt-sexton","tag-cattle-ships","tag-dr-alexander-haig","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-prof-a-humboldt-sexton","tag-the-daily-graphic","tag-the-humanitarian-league","tag-the-vegetarian-society","tag-william-small"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Do Animals Suffer? - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/do-animals-suffer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do Animals Suffer? - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do Animals Suffer? &#8211; a powerful gruesome image of ~ 118 years ago. The\u00a0drawing \/ illustration on the postcard is by William Small &#8211; artist for &#8216;The Daily Graphic&#8217; &#8211; the date looks like 1897. The original postcard is in the collection of the Ernest Bell Library.\u00a0Scroll down this page for a larger 1.66 MB version. &#8216;Death Row&#8217; Ships Live animals were being shipped for slaughter in other countries.\u00a0There were campaigns against these &#8216;cattle ships&#8217; in the 1890s &#8211; we have original copies of related booklets &amp; pamphlets from The Humanitarian League. The 19thC &amp; early 20thC vegetarians &amp; vegans cooperated with some very fine artists to communicate their messages!\u00a0Reproduced as a postcard by &#8216;The Vegetarian Society&#8216; in Manchester, UK.\u00a0Posted from Manchester, England circa 1905, the date is unclear. The early 1870s &#8211; up until WW1 &#8211; was a dynamic period for vegetarianism &amp; animal rights activism. 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