{"id":12923,"date":"2015-07-21T12:37:12","date_gmt":"2015-07-21T19:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=12923"},"modified":"2019-11-12T16:21:32","modified_gmt":"2019-11-13T00:21:32","slug":"socialism-veganism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/","title":{"rendered":"Socialism &#038; Veganism &#8211; Many Years Ago"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>We could add many more links &amp; notes to this blog piece. Vegetarianism, early veganism, the dawn of the animal rights movement, the roots of socialism, humanitarianism, the anti-vivisection movement, the suffragette movement, the anti-child labor movement &amp; closely related causes, in 1880s &amp; 1890s London, are most interesting topics to study.<\/p>\n<p>Probably 20% of our Ernest Bell Library collection is related in some way to these movements \/ causes &amp; to this period.<\/p>\n<p>Today I will focus on some of the roots of veganism, &amp; its connection with socialism.<\/p>\n<p>The &#8216;conflicts&#8217; \/ challenges are the same today as they were in the 1880s &#8211; the people, of course, are different.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8230;&#8230;but we can learn from the history.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\">In the next section the word &#8216;vegetarian&#8217; is primarily used. In the 1880s it was clearly understood that full vegetarianism excluded ALL animal products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#Some_quotes_important_ones_for_persons_interested_in_our_history\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >Some quotes, important ones for persons interested in our history<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#1928_%E2%80%93_a_time_in_between_two_Socialist_Governments\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >1928 &#8211; a time in between two Socialist Governments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#The_Socialist_not_a_Vegetarian\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >The Socialist not a Vegetarian<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#%E2%80%98Beasts_of_Burden\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >\u2018Beasts\u00a0of\u00a0Burden\u2019<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#16_Animals_and_the_origin_of_the_factory_system\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >1.6 Animals and the origin of the factory system<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_some_more_about_him\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >Henry S. Salt &#8211; some more about him<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#Our_Own_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >Our Own Projects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_quotes_important_ones_for_persons_interested_in_our_history\"><\/span>Some quotes, important ones for persons interested in our history<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Henry S. Salt explaining Socialism &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;the main contention of Socialists is that the land and the means of production belong rightfully to the people, and not to the present occupiers. If two parties claim one and the same property, it can hardly be called a theft to institute an enquiry as to which is the rightful owner, with a view to a possible restoration of the stolen goods.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&amp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;non-workers steal the produce of the labouring classes. The fact that individuals cannot remedy this systematic wrong does not in the least disprove the existence of the evil; at any rate they ought to have the grace to acknowledge the source from which their comforts are derived, and to join in the attempt to bring about as speedy a reform as possible. Unfortunately this is a course to which the capitalist classes seems specially disinclined. They insist that they are the rightful possessors of wealth which comes in to them without any labour on their part, and attempt to raise the cry of \u201cStop thief\u201d against those who venture even to investigate the origin of their wealth. Our capitalists persist to the bitter end in the fatuous assertion that to live idly on the labour of others is not the same thing as to steal.<\/span>\u00a0&#8211; Henry S. Salt &#8211; in his essay &#8211; &#8216;Thou Shalt Not Steal&#8217; &#8211;\u00a0Published: Justice, March 14, 1885 &#8211; No. 61 &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/bibliography\/essays\/thou-shalt-not-steal\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">here in full<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8230;all very good &#8211; but &#8216;how unfortunate&#8217; that Henry S. Salt also worked to establish <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/animals_rights_salt_1892\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Animals&#8217; Rights<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Henry Mayers Hyndman<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8216;s (in)famous quip from 1881 &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">I do not want the (socialist) movement to be a depository of old cranks, humanitarians, vegetarians, anti-vivisectionists, and anti-vaccinationists, arty-crafties and all the rest of them.<\/span>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Hyndman\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">H. M. Hyndman<\/a><\/span> (1842\u20131921) an English writer and politician, and the founder of the Social Democratic Federation and the National Socialist Party.<\/p>\n<p>Leon Trotsky &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;we were never concerned with the Kantian-priestly and vegetarian-Quaker prattle about the \u201csacredness of human life.<\/span> &#8211;\u00a0Terrorism and Communism : A Reply to Karl Kautsky (1920), Chapter 4: Communism<\/p>\n<p>Steve Best paraphrasing Marx &amp; Engels \u00a0&#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels lumped animal welfarists into the same petite-bourgeoisie or reactionary category with charity organizers, temperance fanatics, and na\u00efve reformists, failing to see that the animal welfare movement in the US, for instance, was a key politicizing cause for women whose struggle to reduce cruelty to animals was inseparable from their struggle against male violence and the exploitation of children.<\/span> &#8211;\u00a0Rethinking Revolution: Animal Liberation, Human Liberation, and the Future of the Left &#8211; Steven Best &#8211;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.inclusivedemocracy.org\/journal\/vol2\/vol2_no3_Best_rethinking_revolution.htm\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\"> in full here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Sorry H. M. Hyndman, Trotsky, Marx &amp; Engels &#8211; but \u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Stephens_Salt\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Henry S. Salt<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>&amp; friends had other plans &#8211; for them it was Socialism for the benefit of both &#8216;humans &amp; other animals&#8217;!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>H. M. Hyndman emphasizes the importance of\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/friends\/james-leigh-joynes\/james-leigh-joynes-a-tribute\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">James Leigh Joynes<\/a><\/span> &amp; Henry S. Salt to Socialism &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Though the names of (J. L) Joynes and Salt are usually left out of the history of socialist movements, their contribution to the revival of Socialism in the early nineteenth-eighties was great (see H. M. Hyndman, &#8216;The Record of an Adventurous Life&#8217;). Their mere giving up of their Eton master-ships for the movement was significant enough as a victory to be boasted about in socialist public meetings; and their intellect and literary skills were also most welcomed in the movement. Salt &#8230; remained at the centre of the movement and regularly contributed to the major socialist journals. Salt was a writer of force and feeling, and his talents were always highly praised in socialist circles.<\/span>\u00a0&#8211; Chien-hui Li &#8211; in &#8211; &#8216;Henry Salt and the Humanitarian League&#8217; &#8211; see &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/reformer\/socialism\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/reformer\/socialism<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>H. M. Hyndman himself &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">One result of this meeting was to bring to us a knot of very clever enthusiastic young men who then were bringing out the Christian Socialist Joynes, Champion, and Frost, with them H. S. Salt and two or three more, were as promising and capable a set of men as ever threw in their lot with an advanced movement. Even their names are now almost forgotten, but the good work they did has survived both death and disappearance. J. L. Joynes had been a master at Eton and had given up his place on conscientious grounds. No more genial, fearless, and lovable personality ever took part in our movement than Joynes, and his literary ability was of great service. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230; His early and lamented death, I lay to the door of the vegetarians. Vegetarianism may keep a lot of useless people alive: it certainly killed a valuable and delightful personality in J. L. Joynes. Notwithstanding his chaff of &#8221;Quarrelsome Corpse Eaters,&#8221; as he called us flesh-consumers, he was taken and we were left \u2014 quarrelling.<\/span> &#8211;\u00a0H. M. Hyndman, &#8216;The Record of an Adventurous Life&#8217; &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/texts\/flipbook\/flippy.php?id=recordanadventu00hyndgoog\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">p280<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; scroll to find the page.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/0301.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13417 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/0301.jpg\" alt=\"0301\" width=\"506\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/0301.jpg 506w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/0301-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>H. M. Hyndman again &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">A list of our speakers and writers alone is even now sufficient to show where we were in those days. Morris, Bax, Champion, Quelch, Thome, Burns, Williams, Herbert Burrows, Joynes, Salt, Frost, Eleanor Marx, Keddell, Andreas Scheu, Annie Besant, Edward Aveling, Hobart, Hunter Watts, Helen Taylor, the Murrays \u2014 this made up, with others not named, a very strong combination indeed. Lee, our Secretary, also joined us at this time. It was reasonable, with such a group of men and women gathered round, an effective weekly journal, and with a well-organised centre as a rallying point, to believe that in a few years we might rival the strength and discipline of the German party, while possessing some of the life and unexpectedness of the French.<\/span> &#8211; H. M. Hyndman, &#8216;The Record of an Adventurous Life&#8217; &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/texts\/flipbook\/flippy.php?id=recordanadventu00hyndgoog\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">p 317 &amp; 318<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>&#8211; scroll to find the pages.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">So, though these individuals\u00a0were intolerant of vegetarians, many of the most important core supporters of early socialism in the UK were simultaneously &#8216;vegan-gelicals&#8217;, &amp; stalwarts also of the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/humanitarian-league\/what-it-is-and-what-it-is-not\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">&#8216;Humanitarian League&#8217;<\/a><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Remember that <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Marx\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Karl Marx<\/a><\/span> was living in London until his death in 1884, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eleanor_Marx\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Eleanor Marx<\/span> <\/a>was his daughter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">In 1849 he (Karl Marx) was exiled and moved to London together with his wife and children, where he continued writing and formulating his theories about social and economic activity. He also campaigned for socialism and became a significant figure in the International Workingmen&#8217;s Association. &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Marx\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Wiki<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1928_%E2%80%93_a_time_in_between_two_Socialist_Governments\"><\/span>1928 &#8211; a time in between two Socialist Governments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>J. L. Joynes would have &#8216;fitted right in&#8217; on 2015 Facebook with his &#8211; &#8216;Quarrelsome Corpse Eaters&#8217; quip!<\/p>\n<p>Henry S. Salt had his own style.<\/p>\n<p>Some verse &#8211; with an AABBA rhyming scheme &#8211; &#8230;laid out almost as a limerick!<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Socialist_not_a_Vegetarian\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">The Socialist not a Vegetarian<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">His theme is Exploitation: the rich Few<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"> Battening on labour of the Many. True\u2014<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"> But look within his larder. Will he dine<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"> Himself on limbs of slaughtered sheep and kine?<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"> Are <em>those<\/em> poor sufferers not exploited too?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Henry S. Salt <span class=\"lighten\">The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review, Vol. 25 No. 2, February 1928<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Some Vocabulary &#8211; Henry S. Salt was an Eton master &amp; a scholar of Greek &amp; Latin &#8211; his vocabulary was wide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">theme = topic\u00a0(a noun)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">batten = to strengthen (a verb) \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">battening on labour = becoming stronger by exploiting the working classes<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">larder = a room or large cupboard for storing food\u00a0(a noun)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">kine = cows\u00a0(a plural noun)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Some folk have a hard time with verse, so let&#8217;s put it into prose form (sorry Henry S. Salt).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">The socialist&#8217;s\u00a0theme is exploitation: the rich few battening on labour of the many.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">True &#8211; but look within his larder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Will he dine himself on limbs of slaughtered sheep and kine?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Are <em>those<\/em> poor sufferers not exploited too?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">More of Henry S. Salt&#8217;s verses &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/bibliography\/verses\/\" title=\"Henry Stephens Salt (1851\u20131939) was an English writer and social reformer\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 1928 Labour, when this was published, the UK&#8217;s most socialist party had been in opposition for 4 years &#8211; since 1924.\u00a0The General Strike had taken place in 1926.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Of course, the\u00a0quarrelsome\u00a0politicians of all persuasions were mainly munching on flesh, eggs &amp; dairy products!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0<strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/speciesandclass.com\/2014\/06\/27\/beasts-of-burden\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Beasts\u00a0of\u00a0Burden<\/a>\u2019<\/h1>\n<p>Coming more up-to-date &#8211; this is an influential vegan-socialist pamphlet, first published in late 1999 by Antagonism Press.<\/p>\n<p>Its authorship remains a\u00a0 mystery-<\/p>\n<p>The pamphlet was explicitly aimed at both socialists and animal advocates, in the hopes of beginning the process of unifying their respective struggles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/speciesandclass.com\/2014\/11\/11\/beasts-of-burden-was-influential-vegan-socialist-text\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">More comment here about the pamphlet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A section from &#8211; &#8216;Beasts of Burden&#8217; &#8211;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_Animals_and_the_origin_of_the_factory_system\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">1.6 Animals and the origin of the factory system<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Capitalism tries to squeeze the last drop of life out of human beings, intensifying the work process to eliminate all non-productive movements. It seeks the \u2018eradication of any uncontrolled movement of the hand, any unproductive glance of the eyes, any unwanted wandering of the mind\u2019. Similarly with animals, the aim is to eliminate everything that does not contribute to the final product, to turn them into machines for the conversion of feed into meat or other commodities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">With animals as with humans, the factory system aims to restrict the movement of the body to maximise profits. Factory farming was already established by Roman times; Plutarch writes that \u2018it is a common practice to stitch up the eyes of cranes and swans and shut them up in dark places to fatten\u2019. In seventeenth century England pigs, poultry and lambs were fattened by being confined indoors in darkness; \u2018Geese were thought to put on weight if the webs of their feet were nailed to the floor\u2019. Then as now, the movement of animals was restricted because it burned up calories and therefore slowed down weight gain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">The same basic techniques are still in use in modern factory farming, with the addition of new methods of confinement such as individual cages for chickens and piglets. It seems highly likely that the development of the factory for humans in the modern period was influenced by this long history of factory farming. The aim of the factory system was to concentrate human bodies in one place to increase control over their movements. The main difference from factory farms is that humans are only confined for part of the day; capitalism needs their bodies to last longer in order to maximise the labour it can extract from them. With animals, the aim is to fatten them for slaughter in the minimum time \u2013 broiler chickens, with a natural lifespan of seven years, are killed when they are seven weeks old.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">The origins of assembly line production are to be found in the US beef packing yards of the late 19th century: \u2018The packing houses were the first American industry to create assembly lines, unable to cope with the constant stream of cattle coming in every day the packinghouse giants hit on a way of streamlining the slaughter process \u2013 they invented the conveyor belt\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">A 1942 publication, financed by a meat-packing company, says: \u2018The slaughtered animals, suspended head downwards from a moving chain, or conveyor, pass from worker to worker, each of whom performs some particular step in the process. So efficient has this procedure proved to be that it has been adopted by many other industries, as for example in the assembling of automobiles\u2019. Henry Ford acknowledged that the idea for the automobile assembly line \u2018came in a general way from the overhead trolley that the Chicago packers used in dressing beef\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">As Carol Adams observes it is appropriate that the slaughterhouse has been used \u2018as trope for treatment of the worker in a modern capitalist society\u2019 in works like Upton Sinclair\u2019s \u2018the Jungle\u2019 and Bertolt Brecht\u2019s \u2018Saint Joan of the Stockyards\u2019. Aside from the historic link, both the animal and the assembly line worker are treated as \u2018an inert, unthinking object, whose creative, bodily, emotional needs are ignored\u2019, while the dismemberment of the animal\u2019s body is echoed by the \u2018fragmentation of the individual\u2019s work\u2019 on the assembly line\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read the pamphlet \u2018Beasts\u00a0of\u00a0Burden\u2019 &#8211; in full &#8211; with sources given &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/speciesandclass.com\/2014\/06\/27\/beasts-of-burden\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_some_more_about_him\"><\/span>Henry S. Salt &#8211; some more about him<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Salt.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12927 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Salt.jpg\" alt=\"Salt\" width=\"549\" height=\"762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Salt.jpg 581w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Salt-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/life\/biography\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, before returning to Eton as a master. However, from about 1880 largely through his brother-in-law and fellow Eton master J.L. Joynes, he was introduced to the leading social reformers of the day including Henry George, William Morris and Edward Carpenter; and the then unknown George Bernard Shaw. Also, by gradual degrees he was beginning to question his diet and developing an interest in vegetarianism.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">Henry S. Salt (1851-1939)<\/a><\/span>\u00a0&#8211; was an educationalist at Eton in the UK, a socialist &amp; a vegetarian, b<span style=\"color: #000000;\">y 1884 the conviction had grown in Henry S. Salt that Eton masters (teachers) &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8230;were but cannibals in cap and gown &#8211; almost literally cannibals, as devouring the flesh and blood of animals \u2026 and indirectly cannibals, as living by the sweat and toil of the classes that do the hard work of the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; writing in his autobiography &#8211;\u00a0Seventy Years Among Savages by Henry S. Salt. Published 1921 by Allen &amp; Unwin, London.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Read\u00a0the entire book &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/seventyyearsamon00salt#page\/n5\/mode\/2up\" title=\"Seventy years among savages by Henry S. Salt. Published 1921 by Allen &amp; Unwin\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external nofollow\">online<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0068.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12929 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0068.jpg\" alt=\"seventyyearsamon00salt_0068\" width=\"549\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0068.jpg 582w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0068-174x300.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0007.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12928 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0007.jpg\" alt=\"seventyyearsamon00salt_0007\" width=\"549\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0007.jpg 582w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyearsamon00salt_0007-174x300.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">A reminder &#8211; Henry S. Salt on\u00a0&#8216;veganism&#8217;. He knew the goal very well indeed, talking about flesh, egg, milk free living.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8220;We fully admit that they are in advance of their fellows. We regard them as pioneers, who are now anticipating a future phase of our movement.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This was in <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/full-of-beans\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1899<\/a><\/span>!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_Own_Projects\"><\/span>Our Own Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>was conceived in 1934.\u00a0It is strong &amp; active 80+ years later. We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Henry S. Salt \u2013 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">writing<\/a><\/span> in September 1934<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/info\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/span> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/em><\/span> is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">com<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211; or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" title=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">message me<\/span><\/a> through\u00a0HappyCow<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We could add many more links &amp; notes to this blog piece. Vegetarianism, early veganism, the dawn of the animal rights movement, the roots of socialism, humanitarianism, the anti-vivisection movement, the suffragette movement, the anti-child labor movement &amp; closely related causes, in 1880s &amp; 1890s London, are most interesting topics to study. Probably 20% of our Ernest Bell Library collection is related in some way to these movements \/ causes &amp; to this period. Today I will focus on some of the roots of veganism, &amp; its connection with socialism. The &#8216;conflicts&#8217; \/ challenges are the same today as they were in the 1880s &#8211; the people, of course, are different. &#8230;&#8230;but we can learn from the history. In the next section the word &#8216;vegetarian&#8217; is primarily used. In the 1880s it was clearly understood that full vegetarianism excluded ALL animal products. &#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Some quotes, important ones for persons interested in our history Henry S. Salt explaining Socialism &#8211; &#8230;the main contention of Socialists is that the land and the means of production belong rightfully to the people, and not to the present occupiers. If two parties claim one and the same property, it can hardly be called a theft [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":12931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[2143,2142,1152,1107,2144,1957,2141],"class_list":["post-12923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-cathy-jamieson-mp-vegan","tag-chris-williamson-mp-vegan","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-henry-s-salt","tag-kerry-mccarthy-mp-vegan","tag-seventy-years-among-savages","tag-tony-benn"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Socialism &amp; Veganism - Many Years Ago - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Socialism &amp; Veganism - Many Years Ago - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We could add many more links &amp; notes to this blog piece. Vegetarianism, early veganism, the dawn of the animal rights movement, the roots of socialism, humanitarianism, the anti-vivisection movement, the suffragette movement, the anti-child labor movement &amp; closely related causes, in 1880s &amp; 1890s London, are most interesting topics to study. Probably 20% of our Ernest Bell Library collection is related in some way to these movements \/ causes &amp; to this period. Today I will focus on some of the roots of veganism, &amp; its connection with socialism. The &#8216;conflicts&#8217; \/ challenges are the same today as they were in the 1880s &#8211; the people, of course, are different. &#8230;&#8230;but we can learn from the history. In the next section the word &#8216;vegetarian&#8217; is primarily used. In the 1880s it was clearly understood that full vegetarianism excluded ALL animal products. &#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Some quotes, important ones for persons interested in our history Henry S. Salt explaining Socialism &#8211; &#8230;the main contention of Socialists is that the land and the means of production belong rightfully to the people, and not to the present occupiers. If two parties claim one and the same property, it can hardly be called a theft [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-21T19:37:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-11-13T00:21:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyears-mini.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"582\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"252\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Socialism &#038; Veganism &#8211; Many Years Ago\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-21T19:37:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-11-13T00:21:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/\"},\"wordCount\":2412,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/seventyyears-mini.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cathy Jamieson MP vegan\",\"Chris Williamson MP vegan\",\"Ernest Bell Library\",\"Henry S. 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Henry S. Salt Archive - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Humanitarian League - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Ernest Bell Library - archive manager. Collecting &amp; republishing historical material of vegetarianism and other humanitarian movements. Running the 'Hum-an-imal Badge Co.'.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/members\/profile\/JohnnySensible\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/johnnysensible\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Socialism & Veganism - Many Years Ago - HappyCow","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/socialism-veganism\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Socialism & Veganism - Many Years Ago - HappyCow","og_description":"We could add many more links &amp; notes to this blog piece. Vegetarianism, early veganism, the dawn of the animal rights movement, the roots of socialism, humanitarianism, the anti-vivisection movement, the suffragette movement, the anti-child labor movement &amp; closely related causes, in 1880s &amp; 1890s London, are most interesting topics to study. Probably 20% of our Ernest Bell Library collection is related in some way to these movements \/ causes &amp; to this period. Today I will focus on some of the roots of veganism, &amp; its connection with socialism. The &#8216;conflicts&#8217; \/ challenges are the same today as they were in the 1880s &#8211; the people, of course, are different. &#8230;&#8230;but we can learn from the history. In the next section the word &#8216;vegetarian&#8217; is primarily used. In the 1880s it was clearly understood that full vegetarianism excluded ALL animal products. &#8212;&#8212;&#8212; Some quotes, important ones for persons interested in our history Henry S. 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