{"id":11382,"date":"2014-12-30T10:23:46","date_gmt":"2014-12-30T18:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=11382"},"modified":"2015-10-21T00:37:14","modified_gmt":"2015-10-21T07:37:14","slug":"veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/","title":{"rendered":"VEGANISM AND SCIENCE &#8211; AND A WARNING &#8211; From 1948"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11399 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James2.jpg\" alt=\"James2\" width=\"157\" height=\"275\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#_There_will_be_those_too_who_will_wish_to_supply_veganism_with_an_occult_philosophical_background_We_will_develop_some_sort_of_philosophy_of_life_and_in_any_organised_body_of_people_adopting_a_diet_based_on_moral_or_aesthetical_precepts_there_is_always_a_tendency_to_cultivate_a_philosophy_agreeing_with_and_justifying_their_practice_While_individuals_may_need_such_help_it_would_be_unwise_for_the_vegan_movement_to_develop_this_aspect_of_its_activity_This_is_not_the_right_century_for_mass_conversion_by_the_appeal_of_philosophy_or_religious_dogma_Keep_veganism_a_practice_based_on_ethics_aesthetics_humaneness_health_economics_and_science_We_shall_agree_on_this_and_we_shall_disagree_on_anything_else_%E2%80%93_MR_W_S_JAMES_MSc_Dept_of_Education_Bristol_University_%E2%80%93_writing_in_1948_He_was_a_member_of_the_Scientific_Sub-Committee_of_Vegetarian_Nutritional_Research_Centre_from_its_establishment_in_1959_and_Chairman_of_the_Centre_from_1964\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >~ There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else. ~ &#8211;\u00a0MR. W. S. JAMES, M.Sc., Dept. of Education, Bristol University &#8211; writing in 1948. He was a member of the Scientific Sub-Committee of\u00a0Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre from its establishment in 1959, and Chairman of the Centre from 1964.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Reintroducing_a_vegan_pioneer_%E2%80%93_W_S_James_MSc_Dept_of_Education_Bristol_University\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >Reintroducing a vegan pioneer &#8211;\u00a0W.\u00a0S.\u00a0James\u00a0M.Sc.,\u00a0Dept.\u00a0of\u00a0Education,\u00a0Bristol\u00a0University.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#He_was_very_active_in_the_1940s_%E2%80%93_through_to_the_early_1960s\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >He was very active in the 1940s &#8211; through to the early 1960s.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#In_the_article_W_S_James_is_talking_about_pure_science_%E2%80%93_not_%E2%80%98twisted_science_from_scientists_with_hidden_agendas_funded_by_unpleasant_industries\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >In the article W. S. James is\u00a0talking about pure science &#8211; not &#8216;twisted science&#8217; from scientists with hidden agendas, funded by unpleasant industries.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#A_deeply_sensible_individual_who_would_have_been_deeply_unimpressed_with_the_activities_of_the_many_%E2%80%98guru_syndrome_afflicted_21stC_%E2%80%98vegans_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6or_perhaps_%E2%80%98ve-gones_is_a_better_label_for_them\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >A deeply sensible individual who would have been deeply unimpressed with the activities of the many &#8216;guru syndrome afflicted&#8217; 21stC &#8216;vegans&#8217; &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;or perhaps &#8216;ve-gones&#8217; is a better label for them?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Now_%E2%80%93_in_full_%E2%80%93_one_of_our_favorite_old_articles_%E2%80%93_from_the_Spring_1948_issue_of_%E2%80%98The_Vegan_%E2%80%93_by_W_S_James\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >Now &#8211;\u00a0in full &#8211; one of our favorite old articles &#8211; from the Spring, 1948 issue of &#8216;The Vegan&#8217; &#8211; by W. S. James.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#We_have_carefully_transcribed_it_%E2%80%93_the_original_is_below\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >We have carefully transcribed it &#8211; the original is below.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Originally_in_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >Originally in &#8211;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#_VEGANISM_AND_SCIENCE_%E2%80%93_AND_A_WARNING\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >\u00a0VEGANISM AND SCIENCE &#8211; AND A WARNING<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#By_W_S_JAMES_MSc\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >By \u00a0W. S. JAMES, M.Sc.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#SCIENCE_is_based_on_facts_they_are_its_raw_material_and_without_observed_or_experimental_facts_scientific_methods_cannot_function_Its_method_is_to_collect_facts_classify_them_deduce_hypotheses_which_can_then_be_confirmed_or_rejected_by_testing_them_out_experimentally_Where_there_are_no_agreed_facts_to_work_on_there_can_be_no_science_Science_does_not_enter_the_moral_or_ethical_field_of_human_endeavour_and_while_it_may_tell_us_what_to_do_on_practical_grounds_it_can_never_tell_us_anything_about_moral_or_ethical_principles_In_particular_science_has_nothing_to_say_whether_it_is_morally_desirable_to_breed_animals_for_slaughter_feed_ourselves_on_the_cacarcasses_or_exploit_their_sex_functions_for_our_dairy_produce_Science_too_is_silent_on_aesthetic_questions_for_the_same_reason_that_there_are_no_agreed_facts_to_work_with_The_ugliness_of_the_slaughter-house_the_agony_of_the_animal_caught_in_the_trap_the_smell_in_the_butchers_shop_and_the_longings_of_the_milking_cow_for_the_lost_calf_all_escape_the_scientific_net_Science_does_not_deal_with_these_things_and_does_not_pretend_to_Science_has_never_claimed_to_advise_on_what_is_beautiful_or_ugly_or_what_is_right_or_wrong_it_is_just_a_technical_instrument_giving_knowledge_and_control_over_our_environment\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >SCIENCE is based on facts; they are its raw material, and without observed or experimental facts scientific methods cannot function. It&#8217;s method is to collect facts, classify them, deduce hypotheses which can then be confirmed or rejected by testing them out experimentally. Where there are no agreed facts to work on, there can be no science. Science does not enter the moral or ethical field of human endeavour,\u00a0and, while it may tell us what to do on practical grounds, it can never tell us anything about moral or ethical principles. In particular, science has nothing to say whether it is morally desirable to breed animals for slaughter, feed ourselves on the cacarcasses or exploit their sex functions for our dairy produce. Science, too is silent on aesthetic questions, for the same reason that there are no agreed facts to work with. The ugliness of the slaughter-house, the agony of the animal caught in the trap, the smell in the butcher\u2019s shop, and the longings of the milking cow for the lost calf all escape the scientific net. Science does not deal with these things and does not pretend to. Science has never claimed to advise on what is beautiful or ugly, or what is right or wrong; it is just a technical instrument giving knowledge and control over our environment.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Both_vegetarianism_and_veganism_are_however_intimately_connected_with_moral_and_aesthetic_principles_and_seek_to_guide_humanity_in_its_spiritual_development_in_the_realms_of_value_They_have_contact_with_science_in_one_aspect_only_the_question_of_whether_the_diet_is_adequate_in_all_those_calories_vitamins_proteins_amino-acids_and_mineral_salts_which_science_has_found_to_be_necessary_Science_has_confirmed_the_self-sufficiency_of_both_the_vegetarian_and_also_the_vegan_diet_and_there_is_also_the_fact_that_vegans_do_live_successfully_on_their_diet_with_undiminished_physical_energy_Veganism_is_not_challenged_at_all_by_science_and_so_there_should_be_no_friction_What_the_vegan_discovers_to_be_the_Good_and_Beautiful_is_in_harmony_with_what_Science_says_is_True\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >Both vegetarianism and veganism are, however, intimately connected with moral and aesthetic principles and seek to guide humanity in its spiritual development in the realms of value. They have contact with science in one aspect only, the question of whether the diet is adequate in all those calories, vitamins, proteins, amino-acids and mineral salts which science has found to be necessary. Science has confirmed the self-sufficiency of both the vegetarian and also the vegan diet, and there is also the fact that vegans do live successfully on their diet with undiminished physical energy. Veganism is not challenged at all by science and so there should be no friction. What the vegan discovers to be the Good and Beautiful is in harmony with what Science says is True.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#While_that_might_have_been_the_end_of_this_article_a_warning_is_necessary_if_the_vegan_movement_is_to_avoid_the_embarrassments_and_setbacks_which_the_vegetarian_movement_has_suffered_There_are_those_in_the_vegetarian_movement_and_no_doubt_there_will_be_those_in_the_vegan_movement_who_oppose_scientific_thought_and_try_to_pick_a_quarrel_with_science_attempt_to_discredit_it_and_thereby_ridicule_their_own_movement_in_the_process_For_instance_there_are_magazines_both_in_this_country_and_abroad_nominally_supporting_vegetarianism_and_progressive_thought_but_which_actually_at_the_same_time_drag_in_astrology_and_horoscopes_If_such_articles_represented_only_so_much_waste_paper_it_would_not_be_so_bad_but_unfortunately_they_do_immeasurable_damage_to_the_cause_spreading_the_impression_that_vegetarianism_is_also_a_fatuous_cult_without_any_rational_foundation_Veganism_needs_to_avoid_this_sort_of_bunk_and_bathos_otherwise_it_will_scare_away_the_intellectually_minded_reformer_forever_And_there_are_other_stagnant_backwaters_lying_off_the_main_stream_of_progress_into_which_the_vegan_boat_may_easily_get_diverted_by_unscientific_navigation_In_the_vegetarian_world_can_be_found_curious_dietetic_theories_many_of_which_are_the_results_of_the_dictates_of_self-appointed_experts_in_dietetics_who_have_little_respect_for_the_facts_Veganism_should_beware_of_being_captured_by_one_of_these_cults_for_that_would_mean_the_end_of_veganism_as_a_vital_progressive_force_Conflict_with_science_then_through_the_adoption_of_superstition_or_unscientific_theories_must_be_avoided_if_veganism_is_to_become_the_growing_point_of_the_vegetarian_movement\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >While that might have been the end of this article, a warning is necessary if the vegan movement is to avoid the embarrassments and setbacks which the vegetarian movement has suffered. There are those in the vegetarian movement, and no doubt there will be those in the vegan movement, who oppose scientific thought and try to pick a quarrel with science, attempt to discredit it, and thereby ridicule their own movement in the process. For instance, there are magazines both in this country and abroad nominally supporting vegetarianism and progressive thought, but which actually at the same time drag in astrology and horoscopes! If such articles represented only so much waste paper, it would not be so bad, but, unfortunately, they do immeasurable damage to the cause, spreading the impression that vegetarianism is also a fatuous cult without any rational foundation. Veganism needs to avoid this sort of bunk and bathos, otherwise it will scare away the intellectually minded reformer forever. And there are other stagnant backwaters lying off the main stream of progress into which the vegan boat may easily get diverted by unscientific navigation. In the vegetarian world can be found curious dietetic theories, many of which are the results of the dictates of self-appointed experts in dietetics who have little respect for the facts. Veganism should beware of being captured by one of these cults, for that would mean the end of veganism as a vital, progressive force. Conflict with science, then, through the adoption of superstition or unscientific theories, must be avoided if veganism is to become the growing point of the vegetarian movement.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#There_will_be_those_too_who_will_wish_to_supply_veganism_with_an_occult_philosophical_background_We_will_develop_some_sort_of_philosophy_of_life_and_in_any_organised_body_of_people_adopting_a_diet_based_on_moral_or_aesthetical_precepts_there_is_always_a_tendency_to_cultivate_a_philosophy_agreeing_with_and_justifying_their_practice_While_individuals_may_need_such_help_it_would_be_unwise_for_the_vegan_movement_to_develop_this_aspect_of_its_activity_This_is_not_the_right_century_for_mass_conversion_by_the_appeal_of_philosophy_or_religious_dogma_Keep_veganism_a_practice_based_on_ethics_aesthetics_humaneness_health_economics_and_science_We_shall_agree_on_this_and_we_shall_disagree_on_anything_else\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Finally_there_are_those_who_attempt_to_invent_new_scientific_theories_for_themselves_and_for_the_movement_a_very_laudable_attitude_but_rarely_successful_except_by_the_most_gifted_Some_vegans_are_using_the_concept_of_%E2%80%9Canimal_vibrations%E2%80%9D_to_explain_things_Now_the_Scientist_is_very_clear_as_to_what_he_means_by_a_%E2%80%98%E2%80%9Dvibration%E2%80%9D_He_can_detect_it_with_physical_apparatus_measure_its_frequency_velocity_and_amplitude_But_%E2%80%9Canimal_vibrations%E2%80%9D_are_quite_unknown_to_him_there_may_be_such_things_but_they_have_not_yet_been_discovered_So_vegans_might_do_well_to_avoid_the_term_Also_dont_let_us_be_too_sure_yet_that_milk_is_the_cause_of_cancer_We_are_doing_right_in_collecting_evidence_for_this_view_but_not_in_maintaining_the_fact\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >Finally, there are those who attempt to invent new scientific theories for themselves and for the movement; a very laudable attitude, but rarely successful except by the most gifted. Some vegans are using the concept of &#8220;animal vibrations\u201d to explain things. Now the Scientist is very clear as to what he means by a &#8216;&#8221;vibration.&#8221; He can detect it with physical apparatus, measure its frequency, velocity and amplitude. But \u201canimal vibrations&#8221; are quite unknown to him: there may be such things, but they have not yet been discovered. So vegans might do well to avoid the term. Also, don&#8217;t let us be too sure yet that milk is the cause of cancer. We are doing right in collecting evidence for this view, but not in maintaining the fact.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_vegans_best_friend_is_the_chemist_Round_the_corner_of_economic_recovery_our_friend_is_waiting_to_flood_the_market_with_synthetic_plastics_to_replace_leather_fur_skins_bristles_catgut_bone_and_ivory_Here_is_the_way_and_it_would_be_a_poor_compliment_to_the_Scientist_if_the_vegan_were_to_accept_his_goods_gladly_and_at_the_same_time_adopt_unscientific_beliefs_naive_dogmas_or_a_superstitious_outlook_Veganism_has_everything_to_gain_by_a_wholehearted_scientific_attitude_and_everything_to_lose_by_an_unscientific_approach_Do_we_want_veganism_to_become_another_cult_or_aspect_of_vegetarianism_or_do_we_want_it_to_be_the_main_driving_force_of_the_whole_progressive_movement_At_the_moment_the_control_of_veganism_and_the_editorship_of_%E2%80%9CThe_Vegan%E2%80%9D_are_in_safe_hands_It_will_be_necessary_to_see_that_they_remain_in_safe_hands_if_veganism_is_to_be_a_significant_factor_influencing_our_national_life\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >The vegan\u2019s best friend is the chemist. Round the corner of economic recovery, our friend is waiting to flood the market with synthetic plastics to replace leather, fur, skins, bristles, catgut, bone and ivory. Here is the way, and it would be a poor compliment to the Scientist if the vegan were to accept his goods gladly and at the same time adopt unscientific beliefs, naive dogmas or a superstitious outlook. Veganism has everything to gain by a wholehearted scientific attitude, and everything to lose by an unscientific approach. Do we want veganism to become another cult or aspect of vegetarianism, or do we want it to be the main driving force of the whole progressive movement? At the moment the control of veganism and the editorship of \u201cThe Vegan\u201d are in safe hands. It will be necessary to see that they remain in safe hands if veganism is to be a significant factor influencing our national life.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#W_S_James\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >W. S. James<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Left_to_right_Dr_AGLong_Mr_WSJames_Dr_Frank_Wokes_Dr_EFSchumacher_and_Mr_JLucas_all_members_of_the_Editorial_Team_of_%E2%80%9CPlant_Foods_for_Human_Nutrition%E2%80%9D_Source\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >Left to right: Dr A.G.Long, Mr W.S.James, Dr Frank Wokes, Dr E.F.Schumacher and Mr J.Lucas, all members of the Editorial Team of &#8220;Plant Foods for Human Nutrition&#8221;. Source.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#If_anyone_has_other_articles_by_and_or_information_about_W_S_James_please_share_them_with_us\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >If anyone has other articles by and \/ or information about W. S. James, please share them with us.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_original_article_%E2%80%93_we_do_not_have_a_better_quality_copy\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >The original article &#8211; we do not have a better quality copy.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Read_the_full_issue_online_%E2%80%93_the_article_is_on_pages_6_7\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\"  >Read the full issue online\u00a0\u2013 the article is on pages 6 &amp; 7.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >\u00a0\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_has_a_passion_for_sharing_excellent_quality_vegan_articles_items_%E2%80%93_making_them_easily_available_to_21st_C_folk\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >The Ernest Bell Library has a passion for sharing excellent quality vegan articles \/ items \u2013 making them easily available to 21st C folk.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Most_early_books_magazines_on_veganism_were_originally_only_published_in_the_hundreds_or_in_the_low-thousands_of_copies\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >Most early books &amp; magazines on veganism were originally only published in the hundreds or in the low-thousands of copies.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Wars_weather_insects_careless_humans_etc_have_combined_to_make_many_of_them_very_hard_to_find\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >Wars, weather, insects, careless humans, etc. have combined to make many of them very hard to find.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Our_Projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >Our Projects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_Henry_Salt_Archive_is_one_of_our_almost_completed_projects\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >The Henry Salt Archive is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_Humanitarian_League_is_our_Hong_Kong_registered_charity\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >The Humanitarian League is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Library_was_conceived_in_1934_It_is_still_strong_active_eighty_years_later_%E2%80%93_its_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u00a0was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >It is long past time for the library to go online!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >&#8211; or message me \u00a0through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/ \n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#If_you_are_a_Tweeter_please_consider_sending_this_post_out_to_your_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >If you are a Tweeter, please consider sending this post out to your friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Thank_you\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >Thank you!\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#Photo_%E2%80%93_Donald_Watson_reads_the_1st_ever_copy_of_The_Vegan_News_Picture_by_Joe_Connolly_%E2%80%93_Veg_News\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >Photo \u2013\u00a0Donald Watson\u00a0reads the\u00a01st ever copy of The Vegan News\u00a0. (Picture by\u00a0Joe Connolly \u2013 Veg News)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_There_will_be_those_too_who_will_wish_to_supply_veganism_with_an_occult_philosophical_background_We_will_develop_some_sort_of_philosophy_of_life_and_in_any_organised_body_of_people_adopting_a_diet_based_on_moral_or_aesthetical_precepts_there_is_always_a_tendency_to_cultivate_a_philosophy_agreeing_with_and_justifying_their_practice_While_individuals_may_need_such_help_it_would_be_unwise_for_the_vegan_movement_to_develop_this_aspect_of_its_activity_This_is_not_the_right_century_for_mass_conversion_by_the_appeal_of_philosophy_or_religious_dogma_Keep_veganism_a_practice_based_on_ethics_aesthetics_humaneness_health_economics_and_science_We_shall_agree_on_this_and_we_shall_disagree_on_anything_else_%E2%80%93_MR_W_S_JAMES_MSc_Dept_of_Education_Bristol_University_%E2%80%93_writing_in_1948_He_was_a_member_of_the_Scientific_Sub-Committee_of_Vegetarian_Nutritional_Research_Centre_from_its_establishment_in_1959_and_Chairman_of_the_Centre_from_1964\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">~ There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else. ~<\/span> &#8211;\u00a0MR. W. S. JAMES, M.Sc., Dept. of Education, Bristol University &#8211; writing in 1948. He was a member of the Scientific Sub-Committee of\u00a0Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre from its establishment in 1959, and Chairman of the Centre from 1964.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h1>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reintroducing_a_vegan_pioneer_%E2%80%93_W_S_James_MSc_Dept_of_Education_Bristol_University\"><\/span>Reintroducing a vegan pioneer &#8211;\u00a0W.\u00a0S.\u00a0James\u00a0M.Sc.,\u00a0Dept.\u00a0of\u00a0Education,\u00a0Bristol\u00a0University.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_was_very_active_in_the_1940s_%E2%80%93_through_to_the_early_1960s\"><\/span>He was very active in the 1940s &#8211; through to the early 1960s.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_the_article_W_S_James_is_talking_about_pure_science_%E2%80%93_not_%E2%80%98twisted_science_from_scientists_with_hidden_agendas_funded_by_unpleasant_industries\"><\/span>In the article W. S. James is\u00a0talking about pure science &#8211; not &#8216;twisted science&#8217; from scientists with hidden agendas, funded by unpleasant industries.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_deeply_sensible_individual_who_would_have_been_deeply_unimpressed_with_the_activities_of_the_many_%E2%80%98guru_syndrome_afflicted_21stC_%E2%80%98vegans_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6or_perhaps_%E2%80%98ve-gones_is_a_better_label_for_them\"><\/span>A deeply sensible individual who would have been deeply unimpressed with the activities of the many &#8216;guru syndrome afflicted&#8217; 21stC &#8216;vegans&#8217; &#8211; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;or perhaps &#8216;ve-gones&#8217; is a better label for them?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Now_%E2%80%93_in_full_%E2%80%93_one_of_our_favorite_old_articles_%E2%80%93_from_the_Spring_1948_issue_of_%E2%80%98The_Vegan_%E2%80%93_by_W_S_James\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Now &#8211;<\/span>\u00a0in full &#8211; one of our favorite old articles &#8211; from the Spring, 1948 issue of &#8216;The Vegan&#8217; &#8211; by W. S. James.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_have_carefully_transcribed_it_%E2%80%93_the_original_is_below\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We have carefully transcribed it &#8211; the original is below.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Originally_in_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>Originally in &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Vegan1948.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8429 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Vegan1948.jpg\" alt=\"Vegan1948\" width=\"578\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Vegan1948.jpg 578w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Vegan1948-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Vegan1948-195x110.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/a><\/h5>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_VEGANISM_AND_SCIENCE_%E2%80%93_AND_A_WARNING\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0VEGANISM AND SCIENCE &#8211; AND A WARNING<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"By_W_S_JAMES_MSc\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">By \u00a0W. S. JAMES, M.Sc.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SCIENCE_is_based_on_facts_they_are_its_raw_material_and_without_observed_or_experimental_facts_scientific_methods_cannot_function_Its_method_is_to_collect_facts_classify_them_deduce_hypotheses_which_can_then_be_confirmed_or_rejected_by_testing_them_out_experimentally_Where_there_are_no_agreed_facts_to_work_on_there_can_be_no_science_Science_does_not_enter_the_moral_or_ethical_field_of_human_endeavour_and_while_it_may_tell_us_what_to_do_on_practical_grounds_it_can_never_tell_us_anything_about_moral_or_ethical_principles_In_particular_science_has_nothing_to_say_whether_it_is_morally_desirable_to_breed_animals_for_slaughter_feed_ourselves_on_the_cacarcasses_or_exploit_their_sex_functions_for_our_dairy_produce_Science_too_is_silent_on_aesthetic_questions_for_the_same_reason_that_there_are_no_agreed_facts_to_work_with_The_ugliness_of_the_slaughter-house_the_agony_of_the_animal_caught_in_the_trap_the_smell_in_the_butchers_shop_and_the_longings_of_the_milking_cow_for_the_lost_calf_all_escape_the_scientific_net_Science_does_not_deal_with_these_things_and_does_not_pretend_to_Science_has_never_claimed_to_advise_on_what_is_beautiful_or_ugly_or_what_is_right_or_wrong_it_is_just_a_technical_instrument_giving_knowledge_and_control_over_our_environment\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">SCIENCE is based on facts; they are its raw material, and without observed or experimental facts scientific methods cannot function. It&#8217;s method is to collect facts, classify them, deduce hypotheses which can then be confirmed or rejected by testing them out experimentally. Where there are no agreed facts to work on, there can be no science. Science does not enter the moral or ethical field of human endeavour,\u00a0and, while it may tell us what to do on practical grounds, it can never tell us anything about moral or ethical principles. In particular, science has nothing to say whether it is morally desirable to breed animals for slaughter, feed ourselves on the cacarcasses or exploit their sex functions for our dairy produce. Science, too is silent on aesthetic questions, for the same reason that there are no agreed facts to work with. The ugliness of the slaughter-house, the agony of the animal caught in the trap, the smell in the butcher\u2019s shop, and the longings of the milking cow for the lost calf all escape the scientific net. Science does not deal with these things and does not pretend to. Science has never claimed to advise on what is beautiful or ugly, or what is right or wrong; it is just a technical instrument giving knowledge and control over our environment.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Both_vegetarianism_and_veganism_are_however_intimately_connected_with_moral_and_aesthetic_principles_and_seek_to_guide_humanity_in_its_spiritual_development_in_the_realms_of_value_They_have_contact_with_science_in_one_aspect_only_the_question_of_whether_the_diet_is_adequate_in_all_those_calories_vitamins_proteins_amino-acids_and_mineral_salts_which_science_has_found_to_be_necessary_Science_has_confirmed_the_self-sufficiency_of_both_the_vegetarian_and_also_the_vegan_diet_and_there_is_also_the_fact_that_vegans_do_live_successfully_on_their_diet_with_undiminished_physical_energy_Veganism_is_not_challenged_at_all_by_science_and_so_there_should_be_no_friction_What_the_vegan_discovers_to_be_the_Good_and_Beautiful_is_in_harmony_with_what_Science_says_is_True\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Both vegetarianism and veganism are, however, intimately connected with moral and aesthetic principles and seek to guide humanity in its spiritual development in the realms of value. They have contact with science in one aspect only, the question of whether the diet is adequate in all those calories, vitamins, proteins, amino-acids and mineral salts which science has found to be necessary. Science has confirmed the self-sufficiency of both the vegetarian and also the vegan diet, and there is also the fact that vegans do live successfully on their diet with undiminished physical energy. Veganism is not challenged at all by science and so there should be no friction. What the vegan discovers to be the Good and Beautiful is in harmony with what Science says is True.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"While_that_might_have_been_the_end_of_this_article_a_warning_is_necessary_if_the_vegan_movement_is_to_avoid_the_embarrassments_and_setbacks_which_the_vegetarian_movement_has_suffered_There_are_those_in_the_vegetarian_movement_and_no_doubt_there_will_be_those_in_the_vegan_movement_who_oppose_scientific_thought_and_try_to_pick_a_quarrel_with_science_attempt_to_discredit_it_and_thereby_ridicule_their_own_movement_in_the_process_For_instance_there_are_magazines_both_in_this_country_and_abroad_nominally_supporting_vegetarianism_and_progressive_thought_but_which_actually_at_the_same_time_drag_in_astrology_and_horoscopes_If_such_articles_represented_only_so_much_waste_paper_it_would_not_be_so_bad_but_unfortunately_they_do_immeasurable_damage_to_the_cause_spreading_the_impression_that_vegetarianism_is_also_a_fatuous_cult_without_any_rational_foundation_Veganism_needs_to_avoid_this_sort_of_bunk_and_bathos_otherwise_it_will_scare_away_the_intellectually_minded_reformer_forever_And_there_are_other_stagnant_backwaters_lying_off_the_main_stream_of_progress_into_which_the_vegan_boat_may_easily_get_diverted_by_unscientific_navigation_In_the_vegetarian_world_can_be_found_curious_dietetic_theories_many_of_which_are_the_results_of_the_dictates_of_self-appointed_experts_in_dietetics_who_have_little_respect_for_the_facts_Veganism_should_beware_of_being_captured_by_one_of_these_cults_for_that_would_mean_the_end_of_veganism_as_a_vital_progressive_force_Conflict_with_science_then_through_the_adoption_of_superstition_or_unscientific_theories_must_be_avoided_if_veganism_is_to_become_the_growing_point_of_the_vegetarian_movement\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">While that might have been the end of this article, a warning is necessary if the vegan movement is to avoid the embarrassments and setbacks which the vegetarian movement has suffered. There are those in the vegetarian movement, and no doubt there will be those in the vegan movement, who oppose scientific thought and try to pick a quarrel with science, attempt to discredit it, and thereby ridicule their own movement in the process. For instance, there are magazines both in this country and abroad nominally supporting vegetarianism and progressive thought, but which actually at the same time drag in astrology and horoscopes! If such articles represented only so much waste paper, it would not be so bad, but, unfortunately, they do immeasurable damage to the cause, spreading the impression that vegetarianism is also a fatuous cult without any rational foundation. Veganism needs to avoid this sort of bunk and bathos, otherwise it will scare away the intellectually minded reformer forever. And there are other stagnant backwaters lying off the main stream of progress into which the vegan boat may easily get diverted by unscientific navigation. In the vegetarian world can be found curious dietetic theories, many of which are the results of the dictates of self-appointed experts in dietetics who have little respect for the facts. Veganism should beware of being captured by one of these cults, for that would mean the end of veganism as a vital, progressive force. Conflict with science, then, through the adoption of superstition or unscientific theories, must be avoided if veganism is to become the growing point of the vegetarian movement.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_will_be_those_too_who_will_wish_to_supply_veganism_with_an_occult_philosophical_background_We_will_develop_some_sort_of_philosophy_of_life_and_in_any_organised_body_of_people_adopting_a_diet_based_on_moral_or_aesthetical_precepts_there_is_always_a_tendency_to_cultivate_a_philosophy_agreeing_with_and_justifying_their_practice_While_individuals_may_need_such_help_it_would_be_unwise_for_the_vegan_movement_to_develop_this_aspect_of_its_activity_This_is_not_the_right_century_for_mass_conversion_by_the_appeal_of_philosophy_or_religious_dogma_Keep_veganism_a_practice_based_on_ethics_aesthetics_humaneness_health_economics_and_science_We_shall_agree_on_this_and_we_shall_disagree_on_anything_else\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a <em>practice<\/em> based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Finally_there_are_those_who_attempt_to_invent_new_scientific_theories_for_themselves_and_for_the_movement_a_very_laudable_attitude_but_rarely_successful_except_by_the_most_gifted_Some_vegans_are_using_the_concept_of_%E2%80%9Canimal_vibrations%E2%80%9D_to_explain_things_Now_the_Scientist_is_very_clear_as_to_what_he_means_by_a_%E2%80%98%E2%80%9Dvibration%E2%80%9D_He_can_detect_it_with_physical_apparatus_measure_its_frequency_velocity_and_amplitude_But_%E2%80%9Canimal_vibrations%E2%80%9D_are_quite_unknown_to_him_there_may_be_such_things_but_they_have_not_yet_been_discovered_So_vegans_might_do_well_to_avoid_the_term_Also_dont_let_us_be_too_sure_yet_that_milk_is_the_cause_of_cancer_We_are_doing_right_in_collecting_evidence_for_this_view_but_not_in_maintaining_the_fact\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Finally, there are those who attempt to invent new scientific theories for themselves and for the movement; a very laudable attitude, but rarely successful except by the most gifted. Some vegans are using the concept of &#8220;animal vibrations\u201d to explain things. Now the Scientist is very clear as to what he means by a &#8216;&#8221;vibration.&#8221; He can detect it with physical apparatus, measure its frequency, velocity and amplitude. But \u201canimal vibrations&#8221; are quite unknown to him: there <em>may<\/em> be such things, but they have not yet been discovered. So vegans might do well to avoid the term. Also, don&#8217;t let us be too sure yet that milk is the cause of cancer. We are doing right in collecting evidence for this view, but not in maintaining the fact.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_vegans_best_friend_is_the_chemist_Round_the_corner_of_economic_recovery_our_friend_is_waiting_to_flood_the_market_with_synthetic_plastics_to_replace_leather_fur_skins_bristles_catgut_bone_and_ivory_Here_is_the_way_and_it_would_be_a_poor_compliment_to_the_Scientist_if_the_vegan_were_to_accept_his_goods_gladly_and_at_the_same_time_adopt_unscientific_beliefs_naive_dogmas_or_a_superstitious_outlook_Veganism_has_everything_to_gain_by_a_wholehearted_scientific_attitude_and_everything_to_lose_by_an_unscientific_approach_Do_we_want_veganism_to_become_another_cult_or_aspect_of_vegetarianism_or_do_we_want_it_to_be_the_main_driving_force_of_the_whole_progressive_movement_At_the_moment_the_control_of_veganism_and_the_editorship_of_%E2%80%9CThe_Vegan%E2%80%9D_are_in_safe_hands_It_will_be_necessary_to_see_that_they_remain_in_safe_hands_if_veganism_is_to_be_a_significant_factor_influencing_our_national_life\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">The vegan\u2019s best friend is the chemist. Round the corner of economic recovery, our friend is waiting to flood the market with synthetic plastics to replace leather, fur, skins, bristles, catgut, bone and ivory. Here is the way, and it would be a poor compliment to the Scientist if the vegan were to accept his goods gladly and at the same time adopt unscientific beliefs, naive dogmas or a superstitious outlook. Veganism has everything to gain by a wholehearted scientific attitude, and everything to lose by an unscientific approach. Do we want veganism to become another cult or aspect of vegetarianism, or do we want it to be the main driving force of the whole progressive movement? At the moment the control of veganism and the editorship of \u201cThe Vegan\u201d are in safe hands. It will be necessary to see that they remain in safe hands if veganism is to be a significant factor influencing our national life.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"W_S_James\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">W. S. James<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11383 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James.jpg\" alt=\"James\" width=\"600\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/James-300x229.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Left to right: Dr A.G.Long, Mr W.S.James, Dr Frank Wokes, Dr E.F.Schumacher and Mr J.Lucas, all members of the Editorial Team of &#8220;Plant Foods for Human Nutrition&#8221;. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/science\/scivu\/scivu682.html\" title=\"The purpose lying behind the work of the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre has always included a real concern for the underfed and starving members of the human family in its widest concept...\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Source<\/a>.<\/i><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_has_other_articles_by_and_or_information_about_W_S_James_please_share_them_with_us\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If anyone has other articles by and \/ or information about W. S. James, please share them with us.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_original_article_%E2%80%93_we_do_not_have_a_better_quality_copy\"><\/span>The original article &#8211; we do not have a better quality copy.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/TheVeganSpring1948.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8423 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/TheVeganSpring1948.jpg\" alt=\"TheVeganSpring1948\" width=\"578\" height=\"907\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/TheVeganSpring1948.jpg 578w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/TheVeganSpring1948-191x300.jpg 191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/61.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/61.jpg\" alt=\"6\" width=\"580\" height=\"927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/61.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/61-188x300.jpg 188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/71.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11397 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/71.jpg\" alt=\"7\" width=\"580\" height=\"931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/71.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/71-187x300.jpg 187w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/issuu.com\/vegan_society\/docs\/the-vegan-spring-1948\" title=\"Donald Watson article Spring 1948 - The Vegan - p6 &amp; 7\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Read the full issue online<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 the article is on pages 6 &amp; 7.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"In 1934 Henry S. Salt originally suggested the establishment of the Ernest Bell Library as a fitting memorial to him. In this Library the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Mr. Bell was so deeply interested would be collected and made available.\"  target=\"_blank\"><strong><em>The Ernest Bell Library<\/em><\/strong><\/a> has a passion for sharing excellent quality vegan articles \/ items \u2013 making them easily available to 21st C folk.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Most_early_books_magazines_on_veganism_were_originally_only_published_in_the_hundreds_or_in_the_low-thousands_of_copies\"><\/span>Most early books &amp; magazines on veganism were originally only published in the hundreds or in the low-thousands of copies.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wars_weather_insects_careless_humans_etc_have_combined_to_make_many_of_them_very_hard_to_find\"><\/span>Wars, weather, insects, careless humans, etc. have combined to make many of them very hard to find.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_Projects\"><\/span>Our Projects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/info\/\" title=\"The Henry S. Salt Archive is run and maintained by the site editors on the behalf of its patrons. However, we welcome and encourage anyone interested in the project to contribute.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">The Henry Salt Archive<\/a><\/em><\/strong> is one of our, almost completed, projects.<\/h4>\n<h4><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/reviews\/the-humanitarian-league-kowloon-39395\" title=\"Operating in Hong Kong alongside 'The Ernest Bell Memorial Library.' Republishing classic humanitarian books &amp; pamphlets. The Humanitarian League has been established to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. \"  target=\"_blank\">The Humanitarian League<\/a><\/strong><\/em> is our Hong Kong registered charity.<\/h4>\n<h4><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\">The Ernest Bell Library<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>was conceived in 1934. It is still strong &amp; active eighty years later \u2013\u00a0\u00a0its primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\"><\/span>the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span>There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span>We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\"><\/span>It is long past time for the library to go online!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library_which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature_and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>nd so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Henry S. Salt \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\">writing<\/a> in September 1934<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-5\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">com<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me \u00a0through<span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0HappyCow<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible_%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong><a title=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10408 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg\" alt=\"TweetThis\" width=\"577\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis.jpg 577w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/TweetThis-300x69.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_you_are_a_Tweeter_please_consider_sending_this_post_out_to_your_friends\"><\/span><strong>If you are a Tweeter, please consider sending this post out to your friends.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thank_you\"><\/span><strong>Thank you!\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/DW1.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/DW1.jpg\" alt=\"DW1\" width=\"579\" height=\"368\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Photo \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Watson\" title=\"Donald Watson (2 September 1910 \u2013 16 November 2005) coined the word vegan and founded the Vegan Society.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Donald Watson<\/a>\u00a0reads the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ukveggie.com\/vegan_news\/\" title=\"NO. 1. NOVEMBER 1944.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">1st ever copy of The Vegan News<\/a>\u00a0. (Picture by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/vegnews.com\/pages\/page.do?pageId=10\" title=\"Joseph Connelly Publisher + Co-Creator\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Joe Connolly \u2013 Veg News<\/a>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>~ There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else. ~ &#8211;\u00a0MR. W. S. JAMES, M.Sc., Dept. of Education, Bristol University &#8211; writing in 1948. He was a member of the Scientific Sub-Committee of\u00a0Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre from its establishment in 1959, and Chairman of the Centre from 1964. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 Reintroducing a vegan pioneer &#8211;\u00a0W.\u00a0S.\u00a0James\u00a0M.Sc.,\u00a0Dept.\u00a0of\u00a0Education,\u00a0Bristol\u00a0University. He was very active in the 1940s &#8211; through to the early 1960s. In the article W. S. James is\u00a0talking about pure science &#8211; not &#8216;twisted science&#8217; from scientists with hidden agendas, funded by unpleasant [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":11910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,3,2275],"tags":[2018,2017,1152,2019,2020,2022,2016],"class_list":["post-11382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegan","category-vegetarian-history","tag-dr-e-f-schumacher","tag-dr-frank-wokes","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-mr-j-lucas","tag-plant-foods-for-human-nutrition","tag-vegetarian-nutritional-research-centre","tag-w-s-james"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>VEGANISM AND SCIENCE - AND A WARNING - From 1948 - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"VEGANISM AND SCIENCE - AND A WARNING - From 1948 - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"~ There will be those, too, who will wish to supply veganism with an occult philosophical background. We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else. ~ &#8211;\u00a0MR. W. S. JAMES, M.Sc., Dept. of Education, Bristol University &#8211; writing in 1948. He was a member of the Scientific Sub-Committee of\u00a0Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre from its establishment in 1959, and Chairman of the Centre from 1964. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 Reintroducing a vegan pioneer &#8211;\u00a0W.\u00a0S.\u00a0James\u00a0M.Sc.,\u00a0Dept.\u00a0of\u00a0Education,\u00a0Bristol\u00a0University. He was very active in the 1940s &#8211; through to the early 1960s. In the article W. S. James is\u00a0talking about pure science &#8211; not &#8216;twisted science&#8217; from scientists with hidden agendas, funded by unpleasant [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-12-30T18:23:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-21T07:37:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Screen-Shot-2014-12-30-at-10.23.17-AM.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1172\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"876\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"VEGANISM AND SCIENCE &#8211; AND A WARNING &#8211; From 1948\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-12-30T18:23:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-21T07:37:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/\"},\"wordCount\":1818,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/veganism-and-science-and-a-warning-from-1948\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Screen-Shot-2014-12-30-at-10.23.17-AM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Dr E.F.Schumacher\",\"Dr Frank Wokes\",\"Ernest Bell Library\",\"Mr J.Lucas\",\"Plant Foods for Human Nutrition\",\"Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre\",\"W. 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We will develop some sort of philosophy of life and, in any organised body of people adopting a diet based on moral or aesthetical precepts, there is always a tendency to cultivate a philosophy agreeing with and justifying their practice. While individuals may need such help, it would be unwise for the vegan movement to develop this aspect of its activity. This is not the right century for mass conversion by the appeal of philosophy or religious dogma. Keep veganism a practice based on ethics, aesthetics, humaneness, health, economics and science. We shall agree on this; and we shall disagree on anything else. ~ &#8211;\u00a0MR. W. S. JAMES, M.Sc., Dept. of Education, Bristol University &#8211; writing in 1948. 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