{"id":10457,"date":"2014-09-23T09:49:59","date_gmt":"2014-09-23T16:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/?p=10457"},"modified":"2016-07-24T03:09:18","modified_gmt":"2016-07-24T10:09:18","slug":"maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/","title":{"rendered":"Maverick Humanitarians &#8211; Early Vegans &#8211; Milk-Addiction &#8211; Anti-Vivisectionists"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#More_Etymology_%E2%80%93_Early_Vegans_and_Not\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\"  >More Etymology &#8211;\u00a0Early Vegans (and Not)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Josiah_Oldfield_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_Milk_Egg_Addiction\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\"  >Josiah Oldfield &amp; M K Gandhi &#8211; Milk &amp; Egg Addiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#_Dugald_Semple_Henry_S_Salt\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\"  >\u00a0Dugald Semple &amp; Henry S. Salt\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Our_predecessor_humanitarians_vegans_and_almost-vegans_anti-vivisectionists_animal_rights_activists_etc_have_included_some_of_the_greatest_minds_of_the_19th_20th_centuries\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\"  >Our predecessor humanitarians, vegans (and almost-vegans), anti-vivisectionists, animal rights activists, etc. have \u00a0included some of the greatest minds of the 19th &amp; 20th centuries.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Here_I_reflect_on_a_few_of_my_favorite_individuals_%E2%80%93_delightful_mavericks\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\"  >Here I reflect on a few of my favorite individuals &#8211; delightful mavericks.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#All_of_the_printed_items_quoted_illustrated_here_are_being_cared_for_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\"  >All of the printed items quoted \/ illustrated here are being cared for in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Left_%E2%80%93_Josiah_Oldfield_Right_%E2%80%93_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_circa_1890\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\"  >Left &#8211;\u00a0Josiah Oldfield \u00a0Right &#8211; \u00a0M. K. Gandhi\u00a0&#8211; circa 1890.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Full_photo_at_the_bottom_of_this_page\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\"  >Full photo at the bottom of this page.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Time_Magazine_Monday_Nov_09_1931\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\"  >Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Gandhi_arrives_at_Buckingham_Palace_for_tea_with_King_George_V_%E2%80%93_1931\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\"  >Gandhi arrives at Buckingham Palace for tea with King George V &#8211; 1931<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Time_Magazine_Monday_Nov_09_1931-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\"  >Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Royal_Tea\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\"  >Royal Tea<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi_shuffled_over_the_rose-_-yellow_carpets_of_Londons_swank_Grosvenor_House_last_week_to_a_luncheon_in_his_honor_by_the_old_Fruitarian_Society_While_St_Gandhi_slowly_chomped_grapes_and_baked_apples_Dr_Josiah_Oldfield_presiding_Fruitarian_spoke\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\"  >Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi shuffled over the rose-&amp;-yellow carpets of London&#8217;s swank Grosvenor House last week to a luncheon in his honor by the old Fruitarian Society. While St. Gandhi slowly chomped grapes and baked apples, Dr. Josiah Oldfield, presiding Fruitarian, spoke:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%9CI_am_proud_to_say_that_the_only_point_on_which_we_of_the_Fruitarian_Society_disagree_with_Mr_Gandhi_is_that_Mr_Gandhi_will_not_eat_eggs_because_they_contain_Iife%E2%80%9D_Ovarian-Fruitarians_applauded\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\"  >&#8220;I am proud to say that the only point on which we of the Fruitarian Society disagree with Mr. Gandhi is that Mr. Gandhi will not eat eggs, because they contain Iife.&#8221; Ovarian-Fruitarians applauded.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Back_at_his_quarters_in_Kingsley_Hall_St_Gandhi_was_invited_to_eat_again_%E2%80%93_this_time_at_Buckingham_Palace_at_a_tea_party_for_the_delegates_to_the_Indian_Round_Table_Conference_Blinking_at_the_lower_right_hand_corner_of_the_invitation_where_was_engraved_the_phrase_Morning_Dress_St_Gandhi_announced\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\"  >Back at his quarters in Kingsley Hall, St. Gandhi was invited to eat again &#8211; this time at Buckingham Palace at a tea party for the delegates to the Indian Round Table Conference. Blinking at the lower right hand corner of the invitation where was engraved the phrase Morning Dress, St. Gandhi announced:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%9CI_will_wear_my_habitual_dress_of_loin_cloth_shawl_and_sandals_If_the_King_prescribes_European_dress_I_will_be_obliged_to_decline_the_royal_invitation_It_must_be_remembered_I_am_a_humble_servant_of_Indias_impoverished_millions_and_must_dress_as_they_dress_%E2%80%93_nothing_more_and_nothing_less_As_a_matter_of_fact_the_Kings_invitation_is_unconditional%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\"  >&#8220;I will wear my habitual dress of loin cloth, shawl and sandals. If the King prescribes European dress I will be obliged to decline the royal invitation. It must be remembered I am a humble servant of India&#8217;s impoverished millions and must dress as they dress &#8211; nothing more and nothing less. As a matter of fact the King&#8217;s invitation is unconditional.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\"  >&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Josiah_Oldfield_was_delightfully_eccentric_a_true_maverick_an_ardent_anti-vivisectionist_%E2%80%93_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library_we_have_many_of_his_books_booklets_several_of_his_leaflets_flyers_several_of_his_articles_in_other_magazines_some_original_postcards_letters_He_never_gave_up_his_unfertilized_eggs_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%98chicken_fruit\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\"  >Josiah Oldfield was delightfully eccentric, a true maverick, an ardent anti-vivisectionist &#8211; in the Ernest Bell Library we have many of his books &amp; booklets, several of his leaflets &amp; flyers, several of his articles in other magazines, some original postcards &amp; letters. He never gave up his unfertilized eggs &#8211; &#8216;chicken fruit&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Mohandas_Karamchand_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_I_will_just_say_%E2%80%98quite_a_character\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\"  >Mohandas Karamchand (M. K.) Gandhi &#8211; I will just say &#8216;quite a character&#8217;.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Gandhi_lived_with_Josiah_Oldfield_in_the_1890s_%E2%80%93_no_%E2%80%98letters_have_yet_emerged\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\"  >Gandhi lived with Josiah Oldfield in the 1890s &#8211; no &#8216;letters&#8217; have yet emerged!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Gandhi_was_fully_%E2%80%98milk_addicted_%E2%80%93_see_below_for_more_about_this\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\"  >Gandhi was fully &#8216;milk addicted&#8217; &#8211; see below for more about this.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Dugald_Semple_also_wrote_about_Gandhis_milk_addiction_%E2%80%93_the_stuff_of_future_articles\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\"  >Dugald Semple also wrote about Gandhi&#8217;s milk addiction &#8211; the stuff of future articles.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Mr_Gandhi_and_Mr_Henry_S_Salt_at_the_London_Vegetarian_Societys_Social_Meeting_on_November_20th_1931\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\"  >Mr. Gandhi and Mr. Henry S. Salt at the London Vegetarian Society\u2019s Social Meeting on November 20th, 1931.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Left_%E2%80%93_Henry_S_Salt_Right_%E2%80%93_M_K_Gandhi\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\"  >Left &#8211; Henry S. Salt Right &#8211; M. K. Gandhi<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#This_is_a_photo_from_a_meeting_held_83_years_ago_%E2%80%93_full_text_here_%E2%80%93_http_wwwivuorgnewsevuothergandhi2html_A_speech_was_delivered_by_M_K_Gandhi_at_a_Social_Meeting_organised_by_the_London_Vegetarian_Society_20_November_1931_In_the_2_excerpts_which_I_have_chosen_Gandhi_is_1_reflecting_on_his_visits_to_Londons_vegetarian_restaurants_which_existed_in_the_late_1880s_then_2_reflecting_on_his_milk_addiction_%E2%80%93_1_%E2%80%9CI_do_not_propose_to_take_up_your_time_by_giving_you_my_various_experiences_of_vegetarianism_nor_do_I_want_to_tell_you_something_of_the_great_difficulty_that_faced_me_in_London_itself_in_remaining_staunch_to_vegetarianism_but_I_would_like_to_share_with_you_some_of_the_thoughts_that_have_developed_in_me_in_connection_with_vegetarianism_Forty_years_ago_I_used_to_mix_freely_with_vegetarians_There_was_at_that_time_hardly_a_vegetarian_restaurant_in_London_that_I_had_not_visited_I_made_it_a_point_out_of_curiosity_and_to_study_the_possibilities_of_vegetarianism_and_vegetarian_restaurants_in_London_to_visit_every_one_of_them_Naturally_therefore_I_came_into_close_contact_with_many_vegetarians_I_found_at_the_tables_that_largely_the_conversation_turned_upon_food_and_disease_I_found_also_that_the_vegetarians_who_were_struggling_to_stick_to_their_vegetarianism_were_finding_it_difficult_from_the_health_point_of_view%E2%80%9D_2_%E2%80%9CWhat_I_want_to_bring_to_your_notice_is_that_vegetarians_need_to_be_tolerant_if_they_want_to_convert_others_to_vegetarianism_Adopt_a_little_humility_We_should_appeal_to_the_moral_sense_of_the_people_who_do_not_see_eye_to_eye_with_us_If_a_vegetarian_became_ill_and_a_doctor_prescribed_beef_tea_then_I_would_not_call_him_a_vegetarian_A_vegetarian_is_made_of_sterner_stuff_Why_Because_it_is_for_the_building_of_the_spirit_and_not_of_the_body_Man_is_more_than_meat_It_is_the_spirit_in_man_for_which_we_are_concerned_Therefore_vegetarians_should_have_that_moral_basis_%E2%80%93_that_a_man_was_not_born_a_carnivorous_animal_but_born_to_live_on_the_fruits_and_herbs_that_the_earth_grows_I_know_we_must_all_err_I_would_give_up_milk_if_I_could_but_I_cannot_I_have_made_that_experiment_times_without_number_I_could_not_after_a_serious_illness_regain_my_strength_unless_I_went_back_to_milk_That_has_been_the_tragedy_of_my_life%E2%80%9D_Note_%E2%80%93_Gandhi_left_India_for_the_first_time_on_4_September_1888_when_he_was_about_a_month_shy_of_his_nineteenth_birthday_and_arrived_in_London_in_late_October_of_1888\" >This is a photo from a meeting held 83 years ago &#8211; full text here &#8211;\u00a0http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/news\/evu\/other\/gandhi2.html \n. \nA speech was delivered by M. K. Gandhi at a Social Meeting organised by the London Vegetarian Society, 20 November 1931 \n. \nIn the 2 excerpts which I have chosen, Gandhi is (1) reflecting on his visits to London&#8217;s vegetarian restaurants which existed in the late 1880&#8217;s\u00a0&amp; then (2) reflecting on his milk addiction &#8211; \n. \n(1) \n&#8220;I do not propose to take up your time by giving you my various experiences of vegetarianism nor do I want to tell you something of the great difficulty that faced me in London itself in remaining staunch to vegetarianism, but I would like to share with you some of the thoughts that have developed in me in connection with vegetarianism. Forty years ago I used to mix freely with vegetarians. There was at that time hardly a vegetarian restaurant in London that I had not visited. I made it a point, out of curiosity, and to study the possibilities of vegetarianism and vegetarian restaurants in London, to visit every one of them. Naturally, therefore, I came into close contact with many vegetarians. I found, at the tables, that largely the conversation turned upon food and disease. I found also that the vegetarians who were struggling to stick to their vegetarianism were finding it difficult from the health point of view.&#8221; \n. \n(2) \n&#8220;What I want to bring to your notice is that vegetarians need to be tolerant if they want to convert others to vegetarianism. Adopt a little humility. We should appeal to the moral sense of the people who do not see eye to eye with us. If a vegetarian became ill, and a doctor prescribed beef tea, then I would not call him a vegetarian. A vegetarian is made of sterner stuff. Why? Because it is for the building of the spirit and not of the body. Man is more than meat. It is the spirit in man for which we are concerned. Therefore vegetarians should have that moral basis \u2013 that a man was not born a carnivorous animal, but born to live on the fruits and herbs that the earth grows. I know we must all err; I would give up milk if I could, but I cannot. I have made that experiment times without number. I could not, after a serious illness, regain my strength, unless I went back to milk. That has been the tragedy of my life.&#8221; \n. \nNote &#8211; Gandhi left India for the first time on 4 September 1888, when he was about a month shy of his nineteenth birthday, and arrived in London in late October of 1888.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Dugald_Semple_on_Fruitarianism_%E2%80%93_a_much_more_sensible_%E2%80%98take_on_food_for_humans_%E2%80%93_in_1944_Dugald_was_one_of_the_25_founding_members_of_%E2%80%98The_Vegan_Society_The_Scottish_Vegetarian_Society_featured_Dugalds_article_entitled_%E2%80%9CFruitarianism%E2%80%9D_in_their_Health_Reform_journal_in_August_1907\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\"  >Dugald Semple on Fruitarianism &#8211; a much more sensible &#8216;take&#8217; on food for humans &#8211; in 1944 Dugald was one of the 25 founding members of &#8216;The Vegan Society&#8217;. The Scottish Vegetarian Society featured Dugald\u2019s article entitled \u201cFruitarianism\u201d\u00a0in their Health Reform journal in August 1907.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#In_it_Dugald_contested_that\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\"  >In it Dugald contested that:-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%9CBy_fruitarianism_is_meant_a_dietary_consisting_chiefly_of_nuts_and_fruits_Cooked_cereals_and_vegetables_are_not_necessarily_excluded_although_the_exclusion_of_all_cooked_foods_should_means_and_knowledge_permit_will_lead_to_better_results_For_this_dietary_it_will_be_noticed_that_not_only_is_flesh_and_meat_omitted_but_also_the_animal_products_milk_and_eggs_The_use_of_these_products_by_vegetarians_has_long_been_one_of_the_chief_objections_to_vegetarianism_especially_in_medical_circles%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Health_Reform_August_1907\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\"  >\u201cBy fruitarianism is meant a dietary consisting chiefly of nuts and fruits. Cooked cereals and vegetables are not necessarily excluded, although the exclusion of all cooked foods, should means and knowledge permit, will lead to better results. For this dietary it will be noticed that not only is flesh and meat omitted, but also the animal products milk and eggs. The use of these products by vegetarians has long been one of the chief objections to vegetarianism, especially in medical circles\u201d.\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0Health Reform, August 1907.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#_another_Dugald_quote_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\"  >&amp; another Dugald quote: &#8211;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%9CLastly_remember_that_what_we_fruitarians_stand_for_is_not_mere_sentimentality_but_justice_and_love_to_all_sentient_creatures_and_that_a_life_lived_in_obedience_to_ones_highest_convictions_is_the_only_one_which_will_give_peace_and_happiness%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_the_full_article_can_be_appreciated_here_%E2%80%93_The_Fruitarian_System_of_Living_%E2%80%93_by_Dugald_Semple\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\"  >&#8220;Lastly, remember, that what we fruitarians stand for is not mere\u00a0sentimentality, but justice and love to all sentient creatures; and that a life lived in obedience to one\u2019s highest\u00a0convictions is the only one which will give peace and happiness.&#8221;\u00a0&#8211; the full article can be appreciated here &#8211; \u00a0The\u00a0Fruitarian\u00a0System\u00a0of\u00a0Living &#8211; by\u00a0Dugald\u00a0Semple.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#More_on_Dugald_Semple_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\"  >More on Dugald Semple &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#More_on_Josiah_Oldfield_Mohandas_Karamchand_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\"  >More on Josiah Oldfield &amp; Mohandas Karamchand (M. K.) Gandhi &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#The_Ernest_Bell_Librarys_primary_objectives_are_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\"  >The Ernest Bell Library\u2019s\u00a0primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\"  >Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\"  >Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\"  >Assist students and scholars in their research.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\"  >Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\"  >Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\"  >We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#i\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\"  >.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\"  >We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#vegetarian_products\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\"  >veg(etari)an products.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#vegetarian_books_other_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\"  >veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#vegetarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\"  >veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#vegetarian_businesses\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\"  >veg(etari)an businesses.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#animal_rights_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\"  >animal rights organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#animal_rights_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\"  >animal rights publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#humanitarian_organisations\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\"  >humanitarian organisations.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#humanitarian_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\"  >humanitarian publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\"  >rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\"  >the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#i-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\"  >.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\"  >There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#i-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\"  >.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\"  >We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#i-4\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\"  >.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\"  >It is long past time for the library to go online!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\"  >\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\"  >which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\"  >and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Henry_S_Salt_%E2%80%93_writing_in_September_1934\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\"  >Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#_If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\"  >\u00a0If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\"  >humanitarianleague (at) outlook (dot) com\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\"  >&#8211; or message me through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#https_wwwhappycownetblogauthorJohnnySensible\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\"  >https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\"  >\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#The_full_1890s_era_photo\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\"  >The full 1890s era photo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Back_row_L-R_Rev_James_Clark_E_Dolby_Shelton_W_Chudley_William_Harrison_Peter_Foxcroft\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\"  >Back row (L-R): Rev. James Clark, E. Dolby Shelton, W. Chudley, William Harrison, Peter Foxcroft.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Middle_row_L-R_Miss_May_Yates_G_Cosens_Prior_Mrs_William_Harrison_and_Mrs_Peter_Foxcroft\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\"  >Middle row (L-R): Miss May Yates, G. Cosens Prior, Mrs. William Harrison and Mrs. Peter Foxcroft.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#Front_row_from_far_left_TT_Mozumdar_Josiah_Oldfield_bearded_and_M_K_Gandhi\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\"  >Front row (from far left): T.T. Mozumdar,\u00a0Josiah Oldfield (bearded) and M. K. Gandhi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#From_The_Vegetarian_Messenger_and_Health_Review_of_September_1936_also_visible_on_our_soon_to_be_rebuilt_site_%E2%80%93_here\" class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\"  >(From: The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review of September 1936.) &amp; also visible on our (soon to be rebuilt) site &#8211; here.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Etymology_%E2%80%93_Early_Vegans_and_Not\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">More Etymology &#8211;\u00a0Early Vegans (and Not)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Josiah_Oldfield_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_Milk_Egg_Addiction\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Josiah Oldfield &amp; M K Gandhi &#8211; Milk &amp; Egg Addiction <\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Dugald_Semple_Henry_S_Salt\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u00a0Dugald Semple &amp; Henry S. Salt\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_predecessor_humanitarians_vegans_and_almost-vegans_anti-vivisectionists_animal_rights_activists_etc_have_included_some_of_the_greatest_minds_of_the_19th_20th_centuries\"><\/span>Our predecessor humanitarians, vegans (and almost-vegans), anti-vivisectionists, animal rights activists, etc. have \u00a0included some of the greatest minds of the 19th &amp; 20th centuries.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Here_I_reflect_on_a_few_of_my_favorite_individuals_%E2%80%93_delightful_mavericks\"><\/span>Here I reflect on a few of my favorite individuals &#8211; delightful mavericks.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>All of the printed items quoted \/ illustrated here are being cared for in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" title=\"The Ernest Bell Library is currently being cared for by the Hong Kong based charity The Humanitarian League. . In a few weeks the Ernest Bell Library will be celebrating its 80th year!\"  target=\"_blank\">Ernest Bell Library<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10465 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini.jpg\" alt=\"OldfieldGandhi-mini\" width=\"324\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini.jpg 324w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini-300x206.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Left_%E2%80%93_Josiah_Oldfield_Right_%E2%80%93_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_circa_1890\"><\/span>Left &#8211;\u00a0Josiah Oldfield \u00a0Right &#8211; \u00a0M. K. Gandhi\u00a0&#8211; circa 1890.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Full_photo_at_the_bottom_of_this_page\"><\/span>Full photo at the bottom of this page.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Time_Magazine_Monday_Nov_09_1931\"><\/span>Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-tea.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10458 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-tea-554x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gandhi-tea\" width=\"554\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-tea-554x1024.jpg 554w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-tea-162x300.jpg 162w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-tea.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-arrives-for-tea_1931.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10524 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-arrives-for-tea_1931.jpg\" alt=\"Gandhi-arrives-for-tea_1931\" width=\"583\" height=\"766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-arrives-for-tea_1931.jpg 583w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Gandhi-arrives-for-tea_1931-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gandhi_arrives_at_Buckingham_Palace_for_tea_with_King_George_V_%E2%80%93_1931\"><\/span>Gandhi arrives at Buckingham Palace for tea with King George V &#8211; 1931<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Article transcribed<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Time_Magazine_Monday_Nov_09_1931-2\"><\/span>Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Royal_Tea\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Royal Tea<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi_shuffled_over_the_rose-_-yellow_carpets_of_Londons_swank_Grosvenor_House_last_week_to_a_luncheon_in_his_honor_by_the_old_Fruitarian_Society_While_St_Gandhi_slowly_chomped_grapes_and_baked_apples_Dr_Josiah_Oldfield_presiding_Fruitarian_spoke\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi shuffled over the rose-&amp;-yellow carpets of London&#8217;s swank Grosvenor House last week to a luncheon in his honor by the old Fruitarian Society. While St. Gandhi slowly chomped grapes and baked apples, Dr. Josiah Oldfield, presiding Fruitarian, spoke:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CI_am_proud_to_say_that_the_only_point_on_which_we_of_the_Fruitarian_Society_disagree_with_Mr_Gandhi_is_that_Mr_Gandhi_will_not_eat_eggs_because_they_contain_Iife%E2%80%9D_Ovarian-Fruitarians_applauded\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;I am proud to say that the only point on which we of the Fruitarian Society disagree with Mr. Gandhi is that Mr. Gandhi will not eat eggs, because they contain Iife.&#8221; Ovarian-Fruitarians applauded.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back_at_his_quarters_in_Kingsley_Hall_St_Gandhi_was_invited_to_eat_again_%E2%80%93_this_time_at_Buckingham_Palace_at_a_tea_party_for_the_delegates_to_the_Indian_Round_Table_Conference_Blinking_at_the_lower_right_hand_corner_of_the_invitation_where_was_engraved_the_phrase_Morning_Dress_St_Gandhi_announced\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Back at his quarters in Kingsley Hall, St. Gandhi was invited to eat again &#8211; this time at Buckingham Palace at a tea party for the delegates to the Indian Round Table Conference. Blinking at the lower right hand corner of the invitation where was engraved the phrase Morning Dress, St. Gandhi announced:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CI_will_wear_my_habitual_dress_of_loin_cloth_shawl_and_sandals_If_the_King_prescribes_European_dress_I_will_be_obliged_to_decline_the_royal_invitation_It_must_be_remembered_I_am_a_humble_servant_of_Indias_impoverished_millions_and_must_dress_as_they_dress_%E2%80%93_nothing_more_and_nothing_less_As_a_matter_of_fact_the_Kings_invitation_is_unconditional%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;I will wear my habitual dress of loin cloth, shawl and sandals. If the King prescribes European dress I will be obliged to decline the royal invitation. It must be remembered I am a humble servant of India&#8217;s impoverished millions and must dress as they dress &#8211; nothing more and nothing less. As a matter of fact the King&#8217;s invitation is unconditional.&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><strong>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Josiah Oldfield<\/strong> was delightfully eccentric, a true maverick, an ardent anti-vivisectionist &#8211; in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/our-etymological-past\/\" title=\" \u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d Henry S. Salt \u2013 writing in September 1934\"  target=\"_blank\">Ernest Bell Library<\/a> we have many of his books &amp; booklets, several of his leaflets &amp; flyers, several of his articles in other magazines, some original postcards &amp; letters. He never gave up his unfertilized eggs &#8211; &#8216;chicken fruit&#8217;.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohandas_Karamchand_M_K_Gandhi_%E2%80%93_I_will_just_say_%E2%80%98quite_a_character\"><\/span><strong>Mohandas Karamchand (M. K.) Gandhi<\/strong> &#8211; I will just say &#8216;quite a character&#8217;.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Gandhi lived with Josiah Oldfield in the 1890s &#8211; no<a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/india\/9836759\/Was-Gandhi-gay-Intimate-letters-go-on-display-in-India.html\" title=\"The bond between Gandhi and Hermann Kallenbach has been a subject of speculation and gossip for years owing to their closeness, with previously published correspondence suggesting they may have had a physical relationship.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"> &#8216;letters&#8217;<\/a> have yet emerged!<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gandhi_was_fully_%E2%80%98milk_addicted_%E2%80%93_see_below_for_more_about_this\"><\/span>Gandhi was fully &#8216;milk addicted&#8217; &#8211; see below for more about this.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dugald_Semple_also_wrote_about_Gandhis_milk_addiction_%E2%80%93_the_stuff_of_future_articles\"><\/span>Dugald Semple also wrote about Gandhi&#8217;s milk addiction &#8211; the stuff of future articles.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10461 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi.jpg\" alt=\"henry_salt_and_gandhi\" width=\"583\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi.jpg 583w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi-195x110.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mr. Gandhi and Mr. Henry S. Salt at the London Vegetarian Society\u2019s Social <a href=\"http:\/\/www.henrysalt.co.uk\/studies\/essays\/henry-salt-and-gandhi\" title=\"Both Mr. Gandhi and Mr. Salt were accorded what can only be described as an ovation on leaving the platform\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Meeting on November 20<sup>th<\/sup>, 1931<\/a>.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi_mini.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10462 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi_mini.jpg\" alt=\"henry_salt_and_gandhi_mini\" width=\"324\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi_mini.jpg 324w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/henry_salt_and_gandhi_mini-261x300.jpg 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Left_%E2%80%93_Henry_S_Salt_Right_%E2%80%93_M_K_Gandhi\"><\/span>Left &#8211; Henry S. Salt Right &#8211; M. K. Gandhi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is a photo from a meeting held 83 years ago &#8211; full text here &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/news\/evu\/other\/gandhi2.html\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow external\">http:\/\/www.ivu.org\/news\/evu\/other\/gandhi2.html<\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\nA speech was delivered by M. K. Gandhi at a Social Meeting organised by the London Vegetarian Society, 20 November 1931<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\nIn the 2 excerpts which I have chosen, Gandhi is (1) reflecting on his visits to London&#8217;s vegetarian restaurants which existed in the late 1880&#8217;s\u00a0&amp; then (2) reflecting on his milk addiction &#8211;<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n(1)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;I do not propose to take up your time by giving you my various experiences of vegetarianism nor do I want to tell you something of the great difficulty that faced me in London itself in remaining staunch to vegetarianism, but I would like to share with you some of the thoughts that have developed in me in connection with vegetarianism. Forty years ago I used to mix freely with vegetarians. There was at that time hardly a vegetarian restaurant in London that I had not visited. I made it a point, out of curiosity, and to study the possibilities of vegetarianism and vegetarian restaurants in London, to visit every one of them. Naturally, therefore, I came into close contact with many vegetarians. I found, at the tables, that largely the conversation turned upon food and disease. I found also that the vegetarians who were struggling to stick to their vegetarianism were finding it difficult from the health point of view.&#8221;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n(2)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;What I want to bring to your notice is that vegetarians need to be tolerant if they want to convert others to vegetarianism. Adopt a little humility. We should appeal to the moral sense of the people who do not see eye to eye with us. If a vegetarian became ill, and a doctor prescribed beef tea, then I would not call him a vegetarian. A vegetarian is made of sterner stuff. Why? Because it is for the building of the spirit and not of the body. Man is more than meat. It is the spirit in man for which we are concerned. Therefore vegetarians should have that moral basis \u2013 that a man was not born a carnivorous animal, but born to live on the fruits and herbs that the earth grows. I know we must all err; I would give up milk if I could, but I cannot. I have made that experiment times without number. I could not, after a serious illness, regain my strength, unless I went back to milk. That has been the tragedy of my life.&#8221;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Note<\/strong> &#8211; Gandhi left India for the first time on 4 September 1888, when he was about a month shy of his nineteenth birthday, and arrived in London in late October of 1888.<\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cathie-dugald-semple-vegan-pioneers\/\" title=\"Lastly, remember, that what we fruitarians stand for is not mere sentimentality, but justice and love to all sentient creatures; and that a life lived in obedience to one\u2019s highest convictions is the only one which will give peace and happiness.\"  target=\"_blank\">Dugald Semple on Fruitarianism<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; a much more sensible &#8216;take&#8217; on food for humans &#8211; in 1944 Dugald was one of the 25 founding members of &#8216;The Vegan Society&#8217;. The Scottish Vegetarian Society featured Dugald\u2019s article entitled \u201cFruitarianism\u201d\u00a0in their <em>Health Reform<\/em> journal in August 1907.<\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_it_Dugald_contested_that\"><\/span>In it Dugald contested that:-<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CBy_fruitarianism_is_meant_a_dietary_consisting_chiefly_of_nuts_and_fruits_Cooked_cereals_and_vegetables_are_not_necessarily_excluded_although_the_exclusion_of_all_cooked_foods_should_means_and_knowledge_permit_will_lead_to_better_results_For_this_dietary_it_will_be_noticed_that_not_only_is_flesh_and_meat_omitted_but_also_the_animal_products_milk_and_eggs_The_use_of_these_products_by_vegetarians_has_long_been_one_of_the_chief_objections_to_vegetarianism_especially_in_medical_circles%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Health_Reform_August_1907\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u201cBy fruitarianism is meant a dietary consisting chiefly of nuts and fruits. Cooked cereals and vegetables are not necessarily excluded, although the exclusion of all cooked foods, should means and knowledge permit, will lead to better results. For this dietary it will be noticed that not only is flesh and meat omitted, but also the animal products milk and eggs. The use of these products by vegetarians has long been one of the chief objections to vegetarianism, especially in medical circles\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0<em>Health Reform<\/em>, August 1907.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_another_Dugald_quote_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>&amp; another Dugald quote: &#8211;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800080;\">&#8220;Lastly, remember, that what we fruitarians stand for is not mere\u00a0<em>sentimentality<\/em>, but justice and love to all sentient creatures; and that a life lived in obedience to one\u2019s highest\u00a0convictions is the only one which will give peace and happiness.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span>&#8211; the full article can be appreciated here &#8211; \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/cathie-dugald-semple-vegan-pioneers\/\" title=\"Cathie &amp; Dugald Semple \u2013 vegan pioneers!\"  target=\"_blank\">The\u00a0Fruitarian\u00a0System\u00a0of\u00a0Living &#8211; by\u00a0Dugald\u00a0Semple.\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>More on Dugald Semple<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/living-the-simple-life-by-dugald-semple-vegan-108-years-ago\/\" title=\"Personally, I began rather drastically over 50 years ago by cutting out not only all meat or flesh foods, but milk, eggs, butter, tea and coffee. Cheese I have never eaten; indeed I hate the very smell of this decayed milk. Next, I adopted a diet of nuts, fruit, cereals and vegetables. On this Edenic fare I lived for some ten years, and found that my health and strength were greatly improved. Probably this was also because I lived more in the fresh air and closer to Nature. \"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4><strong>More on Josiah Oldfield<\/strong> &amp; <strong>Mohandas Karamchand (M. K.) Gandhi<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/vegetarian-marketing-a-promotional-flyer-123-years-old\/\" title=\"\u201c\u2026 Full of the neophyte\u2019s zeal for vegetarianism I decided to start a vegetarian club in my locality, Bayswater. I invited Sir Edwin Arnold, who lived there, to be Vice-President. Dr. Oldfield who was Editor of The Vegetarian became President. I myself became the Secretary.\u2026\u201d - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi \u2013 who was studying in London in 1890.\"  target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"&quot;I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.&quot; - Henry S. Salt\"  target=\"_blank\"><strong><em>The Ernest Bell Library\u2019s<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0primary objectives are to: \u2013<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_all_of_Ernest_Bells_book_non-book_works_and_make_them_easily_accessible_to_everyone\"><\/span>Collect all of Ernest Bell\u2019s book &amp; non-book works and make them easily accessible to everyone.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collect_the_literature_of_vegetarianism_and_all_the_other_humanitarian_movements_in_which_Ernest_Bell_was_so_deeply_involved\"><\/span>Collect the literature of vegetarianism and all the other humanitarian movements in which Ernest Bell was so deeply involved.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assist_students_and_scholars_in_their_research\"><\/span>Assist students and scholars in their research.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduce_all_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_including_his_writings_campaign_work_influences_and_his_circle_of_friends\"><\/span>Introduce all aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life, including his writings, campaign work, influences and his circle of friends.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undertake_our_own_research_into_missing_aspects_of_Ernest_Bells_life_and_work\"><\/span>Undertake our own research into missing aspects of Ernest Bell\u2019s life and work.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_already_have_more_than_300_pieces_of_Ernest_Bells_own_writings\"><\/span>We already have more than 300 pieces of Ernest Bell\u2019s own writings.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_are_also_actively_building_a_collection_of_examples_of_promotional_material_campaign_material_fundraising_marketing_activities_etc_%E2%80%93_related_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>We are also actively building a collection of examples of promotional material, campaign material, fundraising &amp; marketing activities etc. \u2013 related to: \u2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_products\"><\/span>veg(etari)an products.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_books_other_publications\"><\/span>veg(etari)an books &amp; other publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_organisations\"><\/span>veg(etari)an\u00a0organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vegetarian_businesses\"><\/span>veg(etari)an businesses.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_organisations\"><\/span>animal rights organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"animal_rights_publications\"><\/span>animal rights publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_organisations\"><\/span>humanitarian organisations.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarian_publications\"><\/span>humanitarian publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rambling_clubs_run_by_members_of_the_above_groups_related_publications\"><\/span>rambling clubs run by members of the above groups &amp; related publications.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the_work_of_Richard_St_Barbe_Baker_the_%E2%80%98Men_of_the_Trees_organization_its_many_sub-branches\"><\/span>the work of Richard St. Barbe Baker &amp; the \u2018Men of the Trees\u2019 organization &amp; its many sub-branches.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"There_are_currently_more_than_2000_items_in_the_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span>There are currently more than 2,000 items in the Ernest Bell Library.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"We_will_complete_the_cataloging_of_the_collection_as_when_adequate_funds_are_available\"><\/span>We will complete the\u00a0cataloging of the collection as &amp; when adequate funds are available.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_long_past_time_for_the_library_to_go_online\"><\/span>It is long past time for the library to go online!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CI_have_little_doubt_that_the_proposal_for_the_establishment_of_an_Ernest_Bell_Library\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u00a0\u201cI have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library,<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which_would_specialize_in_humanitarian_and_progressive_literature\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature,<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"and_so_form_a_sort_of_centre_for_students_will_meet_with_a_wide_response%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>a<\/strong><strong>nd so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Henry S. Salt \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/remembering-vegetarian-pioneers-henry-s-salt-ernest-bell\/\" title=\"Sir, From the letters that have reached us, I have little doubt that the proposal for the establishment of an Ernest Bell Library, which would specialize in humanitarian and progressive literature, and so form a sort of centre for students, will meet with a wide response. I would now suggest that it would be a most helpful step if individuals who favour this idea would lend their names to strengthen the appeal that will have to be made to some Public Institution for the use of a room, and if Societies and Journals would also express their agreement. Such a Memorial would be so personally suitable, in view of Mr. Bell\u2019s many and long continued services, and so valuable to the cause of humane progress in general, that it is difficult to see how any objection could be made to it: the sole question is whether the initial difficulties can be overcome. I trust all friends of the humanitarian cause will lend their aid. HENRY S. SALT\"  target=\"_blank\">writing<\/a> in September 1934<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_If_anyone_would_like_more_information_please_send_an_email_to_%E2%80%93\"><\/span>\u00a0<strong>If anyone would like more information, please send an email to:\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"humanitarianleague_at_outlook_dot_com\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">humanitarianleague<\/span> (at) <span style=\"color: #008000;\">outlook<\/span> (dot) <span style=\"color: #008000;\">com\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_or_message_me_through_HappyCow_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; or message me through\u00a0HappyCow\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/\" title=\"Working to promote vegan businesses since 1978. Henry S. Salt Archive - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Humanitarian League - researcher &amp; fundraiser. The Ernest Bell Library - archive manager. Collecting &amp; republishing historical material of vegetarianism and other humanitarian movements.\"  target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/author\/JohnnySensible\/<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10459 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi.jpg\" alt=\"OldfieldGandhi\" width=\"581\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi.jpg 581w, https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-300x227.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_full_1890s_era_photo\"><\/span>The full 1890s era photo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back_row_L-R_Rev_James_Clark_E_Dolby_Shelton_W_Chudley_William_Harrison_Peter_Foxcroft\"><\/span>Back row (L-R): Rev. James Clark, E. Dolby Shelton, W. Chudley, William Harrison, Peter Foxcroft.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Middle_row_L-R_Miss_May_Yates_G_Cosens_Prior_Mrs_William_Harrison_and_Mrs_Peter_Foxcroft\"><\/span>Middle row (L-R): Miss May Yates, G. Cosens Prior, Mrs. William Harrison and Mrs. Peter Foxcroft.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Front row (from far left): T.T. Mozumdar,\u00a0Josiah Oldfield (bearded) and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">M. K. Gandhi<\/a><\/h4>\n<h4>(From: The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review of September 1936.) &amp; also visible on our (soon to be rebuilt) site &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ordergoldenage.co.uk\/page8.html\" title=\"I object absolutely to vegetarianism, because the word smacks of onions and cabbage. It gives people the idea that you live on watercress and browse on odds and ends of garbage.\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>More Etymology &#8211;\u00a0Early Vegans (and Not) Josiah Oldfield &amp; M K Gandhi &#8211; Milk &amp; Egg Addiction \u00a0Dugald Semple &amp; Henry S. Salt\u00a0 Our predecessor humanitarians, vegans (and almost-vegans), anti-vivisectionists, animal rights activists, etc. have \u00a0included some of the greatest minds of the 19th &amp; 20th centuries. Here I reflect on a few of my favorite individuals &#8211; delightful mavericks. All of the printed items quoted \/ illustrated here are being cared for in the Ernest Bell Library. Left &#8211;\u00a0Josiah Oldfield \u00a0Right &#8211; \u00a0M. K. Gandhi\u00a0&#8211; circa 1890. Full photo at the bottom of this page. &nbsp; Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931 Gandhi arrives at Buckingham Palace for tea with King George V &#8211; 1931 Article transcribed Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931 Royal Tea Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi shuffled over the rose-&amp;-yellow carpets of London&#8217;s swank Grosvenor House last week to a luncheon in his honor by the old Fruitarian Society. While St. Gandhi slowly chomped grapes and baked apples, Dr. Josiah Oldfield, presiding Fruitarian, spoke: &#8220;I am proud to say that the only point on which we of the Fruitarian Society disagree with Mr. Gandhi is that Mr. Gandhi will not eat eggs, because they contain Iife.&#8221; Ovarian-Fruitarians [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9728,"featured_media":10465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2274,2275],"tags":[1126,1152,1814,1129,1107,1812,1202,1813,1815,1818,1817,1816],"class_list":["post-10457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-vegan-history","category-vegetarian-history","tag-dugald-semple","tag-ernest-bell-library","tag-fruitarian-society","tag-fruitarianism","tag-henry-s-salt","tag-josiah-oldfield","tag-london-vegetarian-society","tag-m-k-gandhi","tag-may-yates","tag-mohandas-karamchand-gandhi","tag-scottish-vegetarian-society","tag-t-t-mozumdar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Maverick Humanitarians - Early Vegans - Milk-Addiction - Anti-Vivisectionists - HappyCow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maverick Humanitarians - Early Vegans - Milk-Addiction - Anti-Vivisectionists - HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"More Etymology &#8211;\u00a0Early Vegans (and Not) Josiah Oldfield &amp; M K Gandhi &#8211; Milk &amp; Egg Addiction \u00a0Dugald Semple &amp; Henry S. Salt\u00a0 Our predecessor humanitarians, vegans (and almost-vegans), anti-vivisectionists, animal rights activists, etc. have \u00a0included some of the greatest minds of the 19th &amp; 20th centuries. Here I reflect on a few of my favorite individuals &#8211; delightful mavericks. All of the printed items quoted \/ illustrated here are being cared for in the Ernest Bell Library. Left &#8211;\u00a0Josiah Oldfield \u00a0Right &#8211; \u00a0M. K. Gandhi\u00a0&#8211; circa 1890. Full photo at the bottom of this page. &nbsp; Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931 Gandhi arrives at Buckingham Palace for tea with King George V &#8211; 1931 Article transcribed Time Magazine Monday, Nov. 09, 1931 Royal Tea Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi shuffled over the rose-&amp;-yellow carpets of London&#8217;s swank Grosvenor House last week to a luncheon in his honor by the old Fruitarian Society. While St. Gandhi slowly chomped grapes and baked apples, Dr. Josiah Oldfield, presiding Fruitarian, spoke: &#8220;I am proud to say that the only point on which we of the Fruitarian Society disagree with Mr. Gandhi is that Mr. Gandhi will not eat eggs, because they contain Iife.&#8221; Ovarian-Fruitarians [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HappyCow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-23T16:49:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-07-24T10:09:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"324\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"223\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@happycow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Edmundson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Edmundson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/82520fa57a466fbf415c30cbffffec7a\"},\"headline\":\"Maverick Humanitarians &#8211; Early Vegans &#8211; Milk-Addiction &#8211; Anti-Vivisectionists\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-23T16:49:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-07-24T10:09:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/\"},\"wordCount\":1480,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/maverick-anti-vivisectionists-early-vegans\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.happycow.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/OldfieldGandhi-mini.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Dugald Semple\",\"Ernest Bell Library\",\"Fruitarian Society\",\"Fruitarianism\",\"Henry S. 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